Deck 3: Cell Biology

Question 1

The lower limit of resolution of a light microscope is ________.

A) 100μm
B) 0.1μm
C) 10μm
D) 0.01μm
E) 1.0μm

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following activities is a function of the plasma membrane?

A) Digestion of unneeded cell organelles
B) Recognition of bacterial cells by the immune system
C) Transport of products from the nucleus to the endoplasmic reticulum
D) Cell metabolism
E) Detoxification

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The fluid-mosaic model of the plasma membrane suggests that

A) cholesterol forms the outermost layer of the membrane.
B) proteins form a "liquid" sea in the membrane.
C) phospholipids form a single lipid layer in the center of the membrane.
D) the membrane is neither rigid nor static in structure.
E) proteins are not a part of the membrane.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The environment outside the plasma membrane is most appropriately referred to as ________.

A) intracellular
B) extracellular
C) multicellular
D) centrocellular
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 5

Cells produce and respond to chemical and electrical signals as a means of ________.

A) communicating
B) metabolizing
C) reproducing
D) synthesizing
E) using energy

Question 6

The collection of carbohydrates, glycolipids, and glycoproteins of the plasma membrane is called the ________.

A) fluid mosaic
B) extracellular membrane
C) intercellular fluid
D) phospholipid
E) glycocalyx

Question 7

Plasma membrane phospholipids

A) have polar (charged) tails.
B) are arranged in a single layer.
C) have tails that face the exterior of the membrane.
D) are 95% cholesterol.
E) have a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails.

Question 8

The predominant lipid in the cell membrane is a ________.

A) phospholipid
B) glycolipid
C) cholesterol
D) prostaglandin
E) triglyceride

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT true of a transmission electron microscope (TEM)?

A) The limit of resolution is about 0.1μm.
B) Electrons are passed through the specimen.
C) It gives the clearest three-dimensional images.
D) The specimen must be fixed in plastic.
E) The electron beam is focused with electromagnets.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic function of a cell?

A) Reproduction and inheritance
B) Metabolism and energy use
C) Movement
D) Synthesis
E) Communication

Question 11

In order to study in detail the anatomy of internal cell parts, it would be best to use

A) x-rays.
B) flashlights.
C) a transmission electron microscope (TEM).
D) tissue cultures.
E) a scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Question 12

Which of the following could be used to study general features of cells?

A) A magnifying glass
B) Scanning electron microscope
C) Transmission electron microscope
D) Binoculars
E) Light microscope

Question 13

The second most abundant of the lipids in the plasma membrane is/are ________.

A) glycolipids
B) saturated fats
C) cholesterol
D) phospholipids
E) triglycerides

Question 14

Glycolipids would contain both lipids and ________.

A) carbohydrates
B) proteins
C) electrolytes
D) cholesterol
E) amino acids

Question 15

Plasma membrane phospholipids

A) have nonpolar fatty acid tails.
B) form a bilayer.
C) have polar phosphate heads.
D) create a selectively permeable barrier.
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 16

The main components of the plasma membrane are

A) carbohydrates, ions, and lipids.
B) lipids and ions.
C) proteins and carbohydrates.
D) proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates.
E) ions, lipids, and proteins.

Question 17

All of the chemical reactions within a cell are known as cell ________.

A) reproduction
B) metabolism
C) communication
D) inheritance
E) movement

Question 18

The plasma membrane

A) separates the nucleus from the rest of the cell.
B) is a rigid protein membrane.
C) is not permeable.
D) has a single layer of phospholipids.
E) regulates movement of materials into and out of the cell.

Question 19

The structural and functional unit of all living organisms is the ________.

A) ribosome
B) cell
C) organ
D) organelle
E) plasma membrane

Question 20

When a sperm cell comes into contact with an egg cell, there is a change in the electrical charge across the plasma membrane and various channel proteins close. These channels would be called ________ channels.

A) open-gated
B) voltage-gated
C) chemical-gated
D) ligand-gated
E) nongated ion

Question 21

Communication between cells is essential to coordinate the activity of the trillions of cells that make up the human body. Which of the following is/are directly involved in carrying out communication between cells?

A) Lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane
B) Receptor proteins of the plasma membrane
C) Chemical signal molecules released by cells
D) Mitochondria
E) Both "Receptor proteins of the plasma membrane" and "Chemical signal molecules released by cells" are correct.

Question 22

Which type of membrane proteins can catalyze chemical reactions on the inner or outer surfaces of the plasma membrane?

A) Marker molecules
B) Channel protein
C) Receptor proteins
D) Enzymes
E) Carrier proteins

Question 23

Molecules that serve as chemical signals to open or close gated ion channels are ________.

A) isotopes
B) ligands
C) responders
D) communicators
E) membrane potentials

Question 24

Cells that respond to ligands

A) possess receptor sites for specific ligands.
B) generally produce the ligands.
C) have lysosomes that destroy the ligands.
D) are using electrical signals in cellular communication.
E) are not functional.

Question 25

Which type of attachment proteins attach cells to extracellular molecules?

A) Ligands
B) Integrins
C) Adherins
D) Cadherins

Question 26

Which of the following is CORRECTLY matched with its function?

A) Channel proteins - are part of an intercellular communication system
B) Marker molecules - are primarily steroids
C) Receptor proteins - attach to ligand molecules
D) Peripheral proteins - penetrate the lipid bilayer from one surface to the other
E) Nongated ion channels - are always closed

Question 27

Which of the following is CORRECTLY matched with its description?

A) Channel proteins - catalyze chemical reactions inside the cell
B) Cell identity molecules - are primarily steroids
C) Receptor proteins - move specific ions or molecules using ATP
D) Peripheral proteins - penetrate the lipid bilayer from one surface to the other
E) Carrier proteins - move bound ions or molecules from one side of the membrane to the other

Question 28

Which type of membrane proteins allow cells to identify one another?

A) Marker molecules
B) Channel protein
C) Receptor proteins
D) Enzymes
E) Carrier proteins

Question 29

Which type of membrane proteins have an exposed site on the outer cell surface that can attach to a ligand?

A) Marker molecules
B) Channel protein
C) Receptor proteins
D) Enzymes
E) Carrier proteins

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT true of G-protein complex action?

A) Stimulates a cell by means of extracellular chemical signals
B) Stimulates a cell by opening ion channels in the plasma membrane
C) Stimulates a cell by means of intracellular chemical signals
D) Stimulates a cell by activating enzymes associated with the plasma membrane
E) Acts as an intermediate between a receptor and other cellular proteins

Question 31

Which type of membrane proteins are integral proteins that move ions or molecules across plasma membrane?

A) Marker molecules
B) Channel protein
C) Receptor proteins
D) Enzymes
E) Carrier proteins

Question 32

Membrane-bound receptors

A) are small, lipid soluble molecules.
B) have their receptor sites on the outer surface of the plasma membrane.
C) can interact with DNA in the nucleus.
D) do not exhibit specificity.
E) have no effect on the cell.

Question 33

A symporter will transport ________ across the plasma membrane.

A) two different ions or molecules in opposite directions
B) two different ions or molecules in the same direction
C) two of the same ions or molecules in the same direction
D) one specific ion or molecule
E) two of the same ions or molecules in opposite directions

Question 34

Which type of transport proteins use cell energy to move molecules across the plasma membrane?

A) Cadherins
B) Ligand-gated ion channels
C) ATP-powered pumps
D) Leak-ion channels

Question 35

According to the most current model of the plasma membrane,

A) cholesterol forms the innermost layer of the membrane.
B) proteins are free to move about within a double layer of phospholipids.
C) phospholipids and cholesterol form a single lipid bilayer.
D) the membrane is a rigid unchanging structure.
E) the membrane is impermeable to all other molecules.

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT a G-protein complex protein?

A) Delta
B) Gamma
C) Alpha
D) Beta
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 37

Channel proteins

A) are binding sites for other molecules.
B) utilize the G protein complex to function.
C) are found only on endoplasmic reticulum.
D) allow cells to recognize one another.
E) provide a tunnel through which ions or molecules can enter or leave the cell.

Question 38

Communication between cells occurs when chemical messengers from one cell bind to ________ on another cell.

A) channel proteins
B) receptor proteins
C) marker molecules
D) second messengers
E) integrins

Question 39

Which type of membrane proteins form a passageway through the plasma membrane?

A) Marker molecules
B) Channel protein
C) Receptor proteins
D) Enzymes
E) Carrier proteins

Question 40

Membrane proteins that extend into the lipid bilayer are called ________.

A) peripheral proteins
B) extrinsic proteins
C) integral proteins
D) glycoproteins
E) lipoproteins

Question 41

In general, water-soluble molecules diffuse through the ________; and lipid-soluble molecules diffuse through the ________.

A) membrane channels; membrane channels
B) membrane channels; lipid bilayer
C) lipid bilayer; membrane channels
D) lipid bilayer; lipid bilayer
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 42

If a 0.9% NaCl (saline) solution is isotonic to a cell, then a solution of 3.5% NaCl would be

A) hypertonic to the cell.
B) isotonic to the cell.
C) hypotonic to the cell.
D) catatonic to the cell.
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 43

Solution A contains 5 grams of sugar per liter while solution B contains 2 grams of sugar per liter. The solutions are separated by a selectively permeable membrane. If the solvent in both solutions is water, predict in which direction most of the water molecules will move.

A) Most of the water will move by simple diffusion from solution A to solution B.
B) Most of the water will move by osmosis from solution B to solution A.
C) Most of the water will move by active transport from solution B to solution A.
D) Most of the water will move by filtration from solution A to solution B.
E) There will be no movement of water.

Question 44

Which of the following statements concerning membrane transport across the plasma membrane is true?

A) Polar molecules are transported more easily than nonpolar molecules.
B) Lipid-soluble substances pass through the membrane by dissolving in the lipid bilayer.
C) Water cannot move through the membrane.
D) Generally, cations pass through the membrane more easily than anions.
E) All molecules are moved across by active transport.

Question 45

A group of cells was treated with a proteolytic (protein-digesting) enzyme. Which of the following processes would be least affected by this treatment?

A) Diffusion of Na⁺ through membrane channels
B) Diffusion of lipid-soluble molecules through the plasma membrane
C) Use of carrier molecules in facilitated diffusion
D) Sodium-potassium exchange pump
E) Secondary active transport

Question 46

The movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration is called ________.

A) active transport
B) diffusion
C) endocytosis
D) facilitated diffusion
E) osmosis

Question 47

Salt was added to a beaker of distilled water (the water was not stirred). A sample taken from the bottom of the beaker was found to be 20% salt. At the same time, a sample taken from the top of the beaker was found to be 2% salt. After 24 hours

A) the difference in the percentage of salt between the top and bottom samples would increase.
B) the percentage of salt in the top and bottom samples would be approximately equal.
C) the samples would still be 2% and 20% respectively.
D) the salt would float to the top.
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 48

A red blood cell that is placed in a hypertonic solution

A) loses water.
B) gains water.
C) floats.
D) ruptures.
E) neither gains nor loses water.

Question 49

A person suffered burns over a large part of his body. Evaporation of fluid from the surface of burned areas occurs. As a result of the evaporation process, cells will tend to

A) shrink.
B) swell.
C) rupture.
D) first swell and then resume their original shape.
E) remain unchanged.

Question 50

Which of the following will increase the rate of diffusion?

A) An increase in the viscosity of the solvent
B) An increase in the temperature
C) An increase in the molecular weight of the diffusing particles
D) An increase in the distance the molecules have to travel
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 51

A runner produced hypotonic sweat while running a marathon in hot weather. After the race, he drank large volumes of water. As a result of the water intake, his body cells will

A) shrink.
B) swell.
C) crenate.
D) shrivel.
E) not change.

Question 52

Osmosis is the diffusion of ________ across a selectively permeable membrane.

A) urea
B) oxygen
C) water
D) sodium
E) sugar

Question 53

Vitamin A, a fat-soluble vitamin, would move across the plasma membrane into the cell

A) in vesicles.
B) through vitamin membrane channels.
C) by dissolving in the lipid bilayer.
D) by transport with carrier molecules.
E) by active transport.

Question 54

The aroma of cookies baking in the kitchen reaches you in the living room. The distribution of this odor throughout the house is an example of ________.

A) active transport
B) dialysis
C) osmosis
D) filtration
E) diffusion

Question 55

In the process of diffusion, net movement of substances is always from a region

A) outside the cell to a region inside the cell.
B) inside the cell to a region outside the cell.
C) of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration.
D) of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 56

The movement of oxygen from the alveoli of the lungs into the bloodstream is an example of ________.

A) diffusion
B) osmosis
C) active transport
D) bulk transport
E) facilitated diffusion

Question 57

If 0.9% NaCl (saline) solution is isotonic to a cell, then a 0.5% saline solution

A) is hypertonic to the cell.
B) will cause crenation of the cell.
C) is hypotonic to the cell.
D) will shrink the cell.
E) will not affect the cell.

Question 58

The greater the concentration of a solution, the greater the

A) tendency for water to diffuse from the solution.
B) osmotic pressure of the solution.
C) number of carrier molecules present.
D) amount of solvent.
E) rate of facilitated diffusion.

Question 59

The plasma membrane is selectively permeable. This means

A) only gases and water can pass through it.
B) substances need permission to pass through it.
C) only certain substances can pass through it.
D) substances need carrier molecules to pass through it.
E) ATP is always needed to move molecules across the plasma membrane.

Question 60

In ________, ions or molecules move in opposite directions.

A) symport
B) uniport
C) antiport
D) comport
E) ionport

Question 61

A particular membrane transport process exhibits saturation, uses carrier molecules, but does NOT require ATP. The process is probably ________.

A) active transport
B) facilitated diffusion
C) osmosis
D) pinocytosis
E) phagocytosis

Question 62

Certain cells in the liver ingest bacteria and debris from damaged cells by a process called ________.

A) pinocytosis
B) phagocytosis
C) biocytosis
D) diffusion
E) exocytosis

Question 63

Which of the following are consistent with facilitated diffusion?
(1) Movement is against a concentration gradient
(2) Movement is with a concentration gradient
(3) Involves a carrier molecule
(4) Involves cotransport
(5) Involves counter transport
(6) Exhibits competition and saturation

A) 1, 2, 4, 5, 6
B) 2, 3, 6
C) 2, 3, 5, 6
D) 1, 3, 4, 5, 6
E) 2, 3, 4, 6

Question 64

White blood cells engulf foreign particles by means of ________.

A) macrocytosis
B) pinocytosis
C) exocytosis
D) phagocytosis
E) prestocytosis

Question 65

________ pressure is the force required to prevent the movement of water by osmosis across a selectively permeable membrane.

A) Hydration
B) Hydrolic
C) Osmotic
D) Fluid
E) Filtration

Question 66

Active transport

A) follows osmotic pressure gradients.
B) can move substances along their concentration gradient.
C) does not require metabolic energy (ATP).
D) involves vesicle formation.
E) requires ATP.

Question 67

Arrange the following events of exocytosis in the correct sequence:
(1) Vesicle membrane fuses with plasma membrane
(2) Secretory vesicles migrate to plasma membrane
(3) Vesicle contents are expelled from cell
(4) Secretions accumulate within secretory vesicles

A) 2, 1, 4, 3
B) 1, 4, 2, 3
C) 3, 1, 4, 2
D) 4, 2, 1, 3
E) 1, 2, 3, 4

Question 68

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

A) does not need ATP; the receptors supply the energy.
B) exhibits specificity.
C) occurs if oxygen is available.
D) is a type of passive transport.
E) moves materials out of the cell.

Question 69

Which transport process requires a carrier molecule but does not use cellular energy?

A) Active transport
B) Diffusion
C) Endocytosis
D) Facilitated diffusion
E) Osmosis

Question 70

All of the following processes can move substances out of a cell EXCEPT ________.

A) exocytosis
B) osmosis
C) active transport
D) phagocytosis
E) diffusion

Question 71

Endocytosis

A) is movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane.
B) is a process that requires a carrier molecule but does not use cellular energy.
C) is the bulk uptake of material through the plasma membrane by vesicle formation.
D) moves material out of the cell.
E) ends cell functions.

Question 72

Pinocytosis

A) is a form of exocytosis.
B) involves ingestion of liquids rather than particles.
C) does not require ATP.
D) forms vesicles only when large amounts of material are being transported.
E) does not require the formation of vesicles.

Question 73

Which of the following is NOT consistent with active transport?

A) Movement is against a concentration gradient
B) Movement is with a concentration gradient
C) Involves a carrier
D) Exhibits competition and saturation
E) Uses cell energy

Question 74

Which of the following would increase the rate of mediated transport?

A) Increase the number of available carrier molecules
B) Change the shape of the binding site on the carrier molecule
C) Increase the number of competitive molecules
D) Fill all binding sites on carrier molecules
E) Remove the binding site on the carrier molecule

Question 75

Which of the following events occurs in the secondary active transport of glucose?

A) Na⁺ ions and glucose are cotransported by the same carrier molecule.
B) The Na⁺-K⁺ pump maintains a Na⁺ concentration gradient across the plasma membrane.
C) Energy comes from diffusion of Na⁺ down their concentration gradient.
D) Glucose is moved against its concentration gradient into the cell.
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 76

Cyanide stops the production of ATP. Which of the following processes would be affected?

A) Simple diffusion
B) Osmosis
C) Active transport
D) Facilitated diffusion
E) Filtration

Question 77

Which of the following would increase the maximum rate of facilitated diffusion?

A) Increase the concentration gradient of the transported molecule to the saturation point
B) Decrease the concentration gradient of the transported molecule
C) Increase the concentration of the competitive molecules
D) Increase ATP synthesis
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 78

The sodium-potassium pump located in the plasma membrane

A) actively transports potassium into cells.
B) osmotically moves sodium into cells.
C) actively transports water out of cells.
D) moves chlorine out of cells.
E) actively transports sodium into cells.

Question 79

The movement of molecules against their concentration gradient is called ________.

A) active transport
B) diffusion
C) endocytosis
D) facilitated diffusion
E) osmosis

Question 80

The movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane is called ________.

A) active transport
B) diffusion
C) endocytosis
D) facilitated diffusion
E) osmosis