Deck 19: Blood

Question 1

What type of plasma protein are antibodies?

A) immune protein
B) lipoprotein
C) clotting protein
D) transport protein

Answer 1

A

Question 2

When blood is centrifuged, what is found in the buffy coat?

A) leukocytes and erythrocytes
B) plasma and leukocytes
C) platelets and leukocytes
D) erythrocytes and platelets

Answer 2

C

Question 3

What organ secretes most of the plasma proteins?

A) brain
B) pancreas
C) spleen
D) liver

Answer 3

D

Question 4

How much blood does the average adult have?

A) 7 L
B) 1.5 L
C) 5 L
D) 3 L

Question 5

The hematocrit is the percentage of blood composed of:

A) leukocytes
B) platelets
C) erythrocytes
D) plasma

Question 6

Which statement best describes red blood cells?

A) Red blood cells live about 10 days.
B) Red blood cells form antibodies to fight antigens.
C) Red blood cells have a nucleus and most organelles.
D) Red blood cells possess a protein known as hemoglobin.

Question 7

What forms the majority of blood?

A) platelets
B) leukocytes
C) buffy coat
D) plasma

Question 8

Which of the following statements about blood is FALSE?

A) Blood is more viscous than water.
B) Blood pH normally falls between 6.5 and 6.8.
C) Blood performs immune functions.
D) Blood helps maintain body temperature.

Question 9

Iron molecules released from the breakdown of hemoglobin are transported through the blood by:

A) transferrin.
B) antibodies.
C) albumin.
D) vitamin B12.

Question 10

Which of the following is the name given to the union between carbon monoxide and hemoglobin?

A) oxyhemoglobin
B) carbaminohemoglobin
C) deoxyhemoglobin
D) carboxyhemoglobin

Question 11

The function of red blood cells is to:

A) transport nutrients to the body's cells and tissues.
B) phagocytize bacteria.
C) stop blood loss from an injured blood vessel.
D) transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Question 12

All red blood cells in an adult originate in the:

A) heart.
B) spleen.
C) red bone marrow.
D) liver.

Question 13

Since erythrocytes lack a nucleus to make repairs, they only live:

A) 145 ^-175 days.
B) 30 ^-60 days
C) 10 ^-20 days.
D) 100 ^-120 days.

Question 14

A centrifuged sample of blood shows 53% plasma, 1% buffy coat, and 46% erythrocytes. What percent of the blood is composed of leukocytes and platelets?

A) 46%
B) 53%
C) 1%
D) 47%

Question 15

What cell gives rise to ^all formed elements?

A) hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)
B) reticulocyte
C) proerythroblast
D) erythroblast

Question 16

What is the oxygen ^-binding protein found in erythrocytes?

A) hemoglobin
B) gamma globulin
C) albumin
D) beta globulin

Question 17

Normal blood pH should fall between:

A) 7.15 and 7.25.
B) 7.65 and 7.85.
C) 7.35 and 7.45.
D) 6.95 and 7.15.

Question 18

What percentage of the blood is composed of plasma?

A) 75%
B) 55%
C) 45%
D) 15%

Question 19

The most abundant component of plasma is:

A) proteins.
B) ions.
C) water.
D) gases.

Question 20

What plasma protein is most important for the blood's colloid osmotic pressure?

A) transport proteins
B) collagen
C) albumin
D) antibodies

Question 21

Through the microscope, you notice a very large leukocyte with a U ^-shaped nucleus. What type of leukocyte have you observed?

A) neutrophil
B) basophil
C) monocyte
D) lymphocyte

Question 22

Neutrophils are most effective at:

A) antibody formation.
B) fighting a bacterial infection.
C) fighting a viral infection.
D) fighting a parasitic infection.

Question 23

Which cell develops into mature neutrophils?

A) band (stab) cell
B) monoblast
C) lymphoblast
D) monocyte

Question 24

The process of red blood cell production is known as:

A) erythropenia.
B) erythropoiesis.
C) erythrocytosis.
D) polycythemia.

Question 25

Select the correct pathway to form a monocyte through the process of leukopoiesis.

A) HSC, myeloid stem cell, myeloblast, promyelocyte, monocyte band cell, monocyte
B) HSC, lymphoid stem cell line, monoblast, promonocyte, monocyte
C) HSC, myeloid stem cell, monoblast, promonocyte, monocyte
D) HSC, lymphoid stem cell, myeloid stem cell, monoblast, promonocyte, monocyte

Question 26

Which type of leukocyte may produce antibodies?

A) neutrophil
B) monocyte
C) eosinophil
D) lymphocyte

Question 27

All leukocytes arise from:

A) lymphoid stem cells.
B) leukoblasts.
C) myeloid stem cells.
D) hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).

Question 28

What is the most common type of leukocyte in a healthy adult?

A) eosinophil
B) neutrophil
C) lymphocyte
D) basophil

Question 29

Where do T lymphocytes mature?

A) throat
B) tonsils
C) thymus gland
D) thyroid gland

Question 30

A bruise appears greenish in the skin because:

A) dead white blood cells accumulate at the site of injury.
B) the heme group in hemoglobin has broken down into biliverdin.
C) green ^-colored hemoglobin leaks from the bloodstream into the bruise.
D) bilirubin from hemoglobin recycling has accumulated in the bruise.

Question 31

Nora was exposed to radiation that caused her red bone marrow to make fewer red blood cells. This condition is known as:

A) sickle cell anemia.
B) hemolytic anemia.
C) aplastic anemia.
D) iron ^-deficiency anemia.

Question 32

What cells are categorized as agranulocytes?

A) eosinophils and basophils
B) reticulocytes and erythrocytes
C) neutrophils and basophils
D) lymphocytes and monocytes

Question 33

Lymphocytes and monocytes both arise from:

A) hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).
B) the myeloid cell line.
C) myeloblasts.
D) the lymphoid cell line.

Question 34

Hemostasis is mediated by:

A) lymphocytes.
B) platelets.
C) monocytes.
D) erythrocytes.

Question 35

What organ serves as the control center for the regulation of erythropoiesis?

A) spleen
B) liver
C) pancreas
D) kidney

Question 36

Which organ traps older erythrocytes so they will be removed from circulation?

A) stomach
B) pancreas
C) spleen
D) gallbladder

Question 37

Jerry is an alcoholic and does not eat enough food. He has been diagnosed with a vitamin deficiency. What blood disorder is the most likely a result of this deficiency?

A) hemolytic anemia
B) aplastic anemia
C) pernicious anemia
D) iron ^-deficiency anemia

Question 38

Which of the following might trigger erythropoiesis?

A) decreased tissue demand for oxygen
B) Blood oxygen levels fall below normal.
C) an increased number of RBCs
D) moving to a lower altitude

Question 39

Bilirubin comes from the breakdown of:

A) amino acids of hemoglobin.
B) heme molecules of hemoglobin that lack iron.
C) globin chains of hemoglobin.
D) iron ions found in hemoglobin molecules.

Question 40

During a tapeworm infection, you would expect to see increased numbers of:

A) neutrophils.
B) eosinophils.
C) lymphocytes.
D) basophils.

Question 41

Carbohydrate groups on the surfaces of erythrocytes determine blood type and are known as:

A) agglutinins.
B) antibodies.
C) antigens.
D) tissue factors.

Question 42

During the coagulation cascade, increased thrombin production encourages:

A) the initiation of fibrinolysis.
B) plasmin to degrade fibrin.
C) the activation of factors V and VIII.
D) the activation of factor X.

Question 43

Which blood type carries anti ^-A antibodies in the plasma?

A) AB⁺ B) A⁺ C) A ^- D) B ^-

Question 44

In the common pathway, what factor combines with factor Va and calcium ions to form prothrombin activator?

A) Xa
B) XIIa
C) VIIa
D) IXa

Question 45

What vitamin is necessary for the proper production of functional clotting factors in the liver?

A) vitamin K
B) vitamin C
C) vitamin E
D) vitamin D

Question 46

When is fibrin produced during the coagulation cascade?

A) common pathway
B) both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways
C) extrinsic pathway
D) intrinsic pathway

Question 47

Which of the following must occur first during hemostasis?

A) formation of fibrin
B) clot retraction
C) thrombolysis
D) formation of thrombin

Question 48

What do vascular spasms contribute to the process of hemostasis?

A) Vascular spasms cause activated platelets to release the contents of their granules.
B) Vascular spasms transform fibrinogen into fibrin.
C) Vascular spasms decrease blood vessel diameter to limit blood loss.
D) Vascular spasms cause platelets to adhere to exposed collagen.

Question 49

Medications known as anticoagulants interfere with:

A) the coagulation cascade.
B) platelet aggregation.
C) platelet activation.
D) vascular spasms.

Question 50

Platelets are cell fragments formed from:

A) megakaryocytes.
B) lymphocytes.
C) monoblasts.
D) myeloblasts.

Question 51

What blood type is considered the universal donor?

A) O ^- B) AB ^- C) A⁺ D) AB⁺

Question 52

During a transfusion, if incompatible antigens are are introduced, antibodies can bind to foreign antigens, causing them to clump together, or:

A) agglutinate.
B) activate.
C) coagulate.
D) granulate.

Question 53

What ions are necessary for both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways to the coagulation cascade?

A) potassium ions
B) iron ions
C) calcium ions
D) magnesium ions

Question 54

What activates the intrinsic pathway of coagulation?

A) prothrombin is converted to thrombin
B) fibrinogen is converted to fibrin
C) factor XII contacts exposed collagen fibers
D) release of tissue factor (Factor III) by subendothelial cells

Question 55

The ABO blood group is based on which antigen(s)?

A) antigen O
B) antigen D
C) antigen Rh
D) antigens A and B

Question 56

Which blood type is compatible with B ^- during a transfusion?

A) AB ^- B) O ^- C) O⁺ D) B⁺

Question 57

What do platelets possess?

A) the ability to reproduce by mitosis
B) plasma membrane
C) protein ^-synthesizing organelles
D) nucleus

Question 58

Select the appropriate pathway for the steps of hemostasis.

A) vascular spasms, platelet plug formation, coagulation, thrombolysis, clot retraction
B) vascular spasms, platelet plug formation, coagulation, clot retraction, thrombolysis
C) vascular spasms, coagulation, platelet plug formation, clot retraction, thrombolysis
D) platelet plug formation, vascular spasms, coagulation, clot retraction, thrombolysis

Question 59

Some rat poisons contain a toxin that block's the liver's ability to utilize vitamin K. Animals that consume this poison would have problems with:

A) thrombolysis.
B) agglutination.
C) erythropoiesis.
D) coagulation.

Question 60

The stoppage of bleeding is known as:

A) thrombolysis.
B) hemostasis.
C) coagulation.
D) platelet plug formation.

Question 61

Platelets can undergo mitosis and perform repairs if damaged.

Question 62

Which of the following blood types would agglutinate if donated to a person with blood type A⁺?

A) O ^- B) O⁺ C) A ^- D) B ^-

Question 63

The most common leukocyte is the neutrophil while the least common leukocyte is the basophil.

Question 64

The universal blood donor is O ^- since this blood type lacks the A, B, and Rh antigens.

Question 65

Match the following leukocytes.

Activated by antigens

Question 66

Agglutination occurs when blood type B⁺ receives blood type O ^- in a transfusion.

Question 67

Match the following leukocytes.

The least common type of leukocyte

Question 68

Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin, a mesh that glues together the platelet plug and helps seal the damaged vessel.

Question 69

The most common cause of abnormal hemoglobin is an inherited condition known as sickle cell anemia.

Question 70

Match the following blood types.

Type A

Question 71

Match the following blood types.

Type AB

Question 72

The intrinsic pathway to coagulation starts with tissue factor while the extrinisic factor starts with factor XII.

Question 73

Match the following leukocytes.

The most common type of leukocyte

Question 74

The majority of blood is plasma.

Question 75

Match the following leukocytes.

Responds to infection with parasitic worms

Question 76

Both granulocytes and agranulocytes arise from the lymphoid stem cell line.

Question 77

Erythropoiesis is the process by which all formed elements are made.

Question 78

Match the following blood types.

Type O

Question 79

When oxygen concentrations are low, hemoglobin releases oxygen to become carboxyhemoglobin.

Question 80

Match the following leukocytes.

Distinguished by the large U ^-shaped nucleus