Deck 13: The Peripheral Nervous System

Question 1

Where does the motor portion of the facial nerve (VIII) originate?

A) midbrain
B) cerebral cortex
C) tongue
D) nuclei in the pons and medulla

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system are divisions of the:

A) somatic motor division.
B) visceral sensory division.
C) visceral motor division (autonomic nervous system).
D) somatic sensory division.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

You feel a mosquito land on your arm. This stimulus is carried to the central nervous system (CNS) by the:

A) somatic motor division.
B) visceral motor division (autonomic nervous system).
C) visceral sensory division.
D) somatic sensory division.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which cranial nerve is generally thought of as a mixed nerve?

A) accessory nerve (XI)
B) hypoglossal nerve (XII)
C) glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
D) vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

Question 5

Which division of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) detects stimuli and carries them to the central nervous system (CNS)?

A) motor
B) sympathetic
C) autonomic
D) sensory

Question 6

Loss of balance and equilibrium can indicate damage to the:

A) hypoglossal nerve (XII).
B) accessory nerve (XI).
C) trochlear nerve (IV).
D) vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII).

Question 7

Mixed nerves house:

A) motor neurons only.
B) sensory neurons only.
C) somatic neurons only.
D) both sensory and motor neurons.

Question 8

Which cranial nerve detects smell?

A) oculomotor nerve (III)
B) olfactory nerve (I)
C) trochlear nerve (IV)
D) optic nerve (II)

Question 9

What is cranial nerve VIII?

A) facial nerve
B) trigeminal nerve
C) glossopharyngeal nerve
D) vestibulocochlear nerve

Question 10

The cranial nerves that have neural connections with the tongue include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) trigeminal nerve (V).
B) trochlear nerve (IV).
C) facial nerve (VII).
D) glossopharyngeal nerve (IX).

Question 11

Which cranial nerve is NOT involved in eye movement?

A) abducens nerve (VI)
B) oculomotor nerve (III)
C) trochlear nerve (IV)
D) vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

Question 12

What is the outermost connective tissue covering of a nerve?

A) epineurium
B) epimysium
C) perineurium
D) endoneurium

Question 13

An inability to swallow indicates a problem with the:

A) accessory nerve (XI) or hypoglossal nerve (XII).
B) trigeminal nerve (V) or glossopharyngeal nerve (IX).
C) trochlear nerve (IV) or abducens nerve (VI).
D) olfactory nerve (I).

Question 14

Ms. Parker has damage to the sensory root of the facial nerve (VII). Which of the following symptoms matches this information?

A) inability to elevate the mandible
B) inability to taste
C) inability to smell
D) inability to swallow

Question 15

Which of the following houses motor neurons?

A) anterior root of spinal nerve
B) central canal of the spinal cord
C) posterior root ganglion
D) posterior root of spinal nerve

Question 16

Where is the motor response initiated?

A) spinal nerves
B) lower motor neurons of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)
C) motor areas of the brain
D) cranial nerves

Question 17

What connective tissue sheath wraps the axon of a neuron?

A) epineurium
B) perineurium
C) fascicle
D) endoneurium

Question 18

Which division detects stimuli of the general senses and special senses?

A) visceral motor division (autonomic nervous system)
B) visceral sensory division
C) somatic motor division
D) somatic sensory division

Question 19

Bundles of axons within a nerve are known as:

A) dendrites.
B) the perineurium.
C) the endoneurium.
D) fascicles.

Question 20

The vagus nerve is represented by Roman numeral:

A) X.
B) XII.
C) V.
D) I.

Question 21

Which of the following does NOT belong to the brachial plexus?

A) ulnar nerve
B) median nerve
C) musculocutaneous nerve
D) phrenic nerve

Question 22

The stretch of a full urinary bladder is detected by a(n):

A) interoceptor.
B) photoreceptor.
C) thermoreceptor.
D) exteroceptor.

Question 23

The longest and largest nerve in the body belongs to the sacral plexus and is known as the:

A) femoral nerve.
B) axillary nerve.
C) common fibular nerve.
D) sciatic nerve.

Question 24

Which of the following is INCORRECT about the numbers of spinal nerves?

A) 5 pairs of lumbar spinal nerves
B) 7 pairs of cervical spinal nerves
C) 12 pairs of thoracic spinal nerves
D) 5 pairs of sacral spinal nerves

Question 25

Which plexus provides motor and sensory innervation to the upper limb?

A) cranial plexus
B) sacral plexus
C) brachial plexus
D) lumbar plexus

Question 26

Sensory receptors that adapt to stimuli after a certain period of time are:

A) slowly adapting receptors.
B) nociceptors.
C) thermoreceptors.
D) rapidly adapting receptors.

Question 27

Which mechanoreceptor detects deep pressure?

A) Ruffini ending
B) tactile corpuscle
C) lamellated corpuscle
D) Merkel cell fiber

Question 28

A network of nerves is known as a:

A) root.
B) plexus.
C) horn.
D) ramus.

Question 29

The phrenic nerve is a member of the:

A) lumbar plexus.
B) cervical plexus.
C) sacral plexus.
D) brachial plexus.

Question 30

Sensory transduction occurs in:

A) CNS interneurons.
B) lower motor neurons.
C) PNS sensory neurons.
D) upper motor neurons.

Question 31

Your wrap your hands around a warm cup of hot chocolate. This sensation is detected by a:

A) chemoreceptor.
B) thermoreceptor.
C) hair follicle receptor.
D) photoreceptor.

Question 32

Photoreceptors are found only in the:

A) ear.
B) eye.
C) mouth.
D) nose.

Question 33

During a boxing match, Sammy was hit on the side of the neck. He stopped breathing temporarily due to damage to the:

A) cervical plexus.
B) brachial plexus.
C) sacral plexus.
D) lumbar plexus.

Question 34

What controls the movement of rectus abdominis, a skeletal muscle on the anterior surface of the body?

A) posterior root
B) posterior ramus
C) anterior ramus
D) posterior (dorsal) root ganglion

Question 35

Which of the following carries sensory information only?

A) posterior (dorsal) root
B) posterior ramus
C) anterior ramus
D) anterior root

Question 36

Potentially damaging stimuli that result in pain are selectively detected by:

A) photoreceptors.
B) proprioceptors.
C) chemoreceptors.
D) nociceptors.

Question 37

The anterior root and posterior root fuse to form a(n):

A) spinal nerve.
B) posterior horn.
C) posterior (dorsal) root ganglion.
D) anterior horn.

Question 38

What do most of the anterior rami of the thoracic spinal nerves serve?

A) median nerves
B) intercostal nerves
C) brachial nerves
D) phrenic nerves

Question 39

Olfactory receptors depolarize in response to an odorant, turning a stimulus into an electrical signal. This conversion is known as:

A) propagation.
B) adaptation.
C) repolarization.
D) sensory transduction.

Question 40

Striking the "funny" bone is actually stimulation (or injury) to the:

A) ulnar nerve.
B) axillary nerve.
C) median nerve.
D) radial nerve.

Question 41

What connects the upper motor neurons to lower motor neurons?

A) primary afferent neuron
B) interneurons
C) muscle fibers
D) sensory neurons

Question 42

What part of the nervous system integrates and interprets information from PNS sensory neurons?

A) sensory (afferent) division
B) central nervous system (CNS)
C) somatic nervous system (SNS)
D) visceral motor division, or autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Question 43

Determine the polysynaptic reflex from this list of examples.

A) patellar (knee ^-jerk) reflex
B) simple stretch reflex
C) jaw ^-jerk reflex
D) flexion (withdrawal) reflex

Question 44

What type of motor neuron stimulates skeletal muscle fibers to contract by the excitation ^-contraction mechanism?

A) upper motor neuron
B) y ^-motor neuron
C) a ^-motor neuron
D) interneuron

Question 45

A test known as two ^-point discrimination threshold measures:

A) the type of sensory neuron serving a region of skin.
B) the amount of pressure we can sustain before feeling pain.
C) the type of mechanoreceptor being stimulated.
D) the relative size of receptive fields.

Question 46

Place the following steps in order for motor control. 1. Upper motor neurons stimulate lower motor neurons.
2) Sensory information is relayed back to the cerebellum so movement can be modified if needed.
3) Upper motor neurons in the premotor cortex select a motor program.
4) Lower motor neurons stimulate a skeletal muscle to contract.
5) The basal nuclei enable the thalamus to stimulate upper motor neurons of the primary cortex.

A) 5, 3, 1, 4, 2
B) 3, 5, 1, 4, 2
C) 3, 5, 1, 2, 4
D) 2, 5, 3, 1, 4

Question 47

Mechanoreceptors might detect which of the following sensations?

A) smell
B) light
C) temperature
D) pressure

Question 48

What type of neuron contacts a muscle fiber and initiates a muscle contraction?

A) upper motor neuron
B) interneuron
C) sensory neuron
D) lower motor neuron

Question 49

Which of the following must occur first in a reflex arc?

A) detection by receptor and delivery of stimulus
B) delivery of motor response to effector
C) integration in the central nervous system (CNS)
D) transmission from the primary motor cortex

Question 50

A reflex with a single synapse between the sensory and motor neurons within the spinal cord is known as a:

A) visceral reflex.
B) monosynaptic reflex.
C) polysynaptic reflex.
D) somatic reflex.

Question 51

Ms. Carroll went to her doctor's office with pain in her right shoulder blade and learned she was having a gallbladder attack. You're not surprised to hear about the unusual location of her pain since it is known as:

A) the receptive field.
B) referred pain.
C) phantom limb pain.
D) chronic pain.

Question 52

Which of the following does NOT characterize a reflex?

A) Neural integration of a reflex usually occurs in the PNS.
B) The motor response to a stimulus is rapid.
C) A reflex is an automatic response to a stimulus.
D) Reflexes require a stimulus to initiate a motor response.

Question 53

Regions of skin supplied by a spinal nerve for somatic sensation are known as:

A) lines of cleavage.
B) the ABCDE rule.
C) dermatomes.
D) the rule of nines.

Question 54

Visceral pain may be perceived as cutaneous pain, a phenomenon known as:

A) slowly adapting reception.
B) the receptive field.
C) phantom limb pain.
D) referred pain.

Question 55

What type of sensory receptors are muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs?

A) nociceptor
B) chemoreceptors
C) thermoreceptor
D) mechanoreceptor

Question 56

What is NOT true of muscle spindles?

A) Muscle spindles are found within tendons.
B) Muscle spindles are embedded within extrafusal muscle fibers.
C) The contractile poles of intrafusal fibers within muscle spindles are innervated by y ^-motor neurons.
D) Muscle spindles are receptors for the stretch reflex.

Question 57

Motor neurons pools consist of:

A) lower motor neurons.
B) secondary afferent neurons.
C) primary afferent neurons.
D) upper motor neurons.

Question 58

What reflex causes muscle relaxation?

A) flexion (withdrawal) reflex
B) Golgi tendon reflex
C) stretch reflex
D) crossed ^-extension reflex

Question 59

The speed of nerve impulse transmission through the axon of a sensory neuron will be quickest in:

A) axons that adapt to stimuli.
B) axons with a greater receptive field.
C) a large ^-diameter, myelinated axon.
D) a small ^-diameter, unmyelinated axon.

Question 60

A region of skin has a great number of sensory neurons, and each neuron has a relatively small receptive field. The two ^-point discrimination threshold for this skin region might be:

A) 15 mm.
B) 40 mm.
C) 25 mm.
D) 5 mm.

Question 61

Motor control is initiated by lower motor neurons and transmitted to upper motor neurons by interneurons situated within the CNS.

Question 62

The inability to produce a gag reflex could indicate a problem with the:

A) abducens nerve (VI) or trochlear nerve (IV).
B) glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) or vagus nerve (X).
C) hypoglossal nerve (XII) or vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII).
D) facial nerve (VII) or trigeminal nerve (V).

Question 63

The hypoglossal nerve (XII) and glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) are both involved in taste sensation.

Question 64

What cranial nerves are involved in the sensory and the motor roles for the corneal blink reflex?

A) trigeminal nerve (V) as sensory; facial nerve (VII) as motor
B) glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) as sensory, oculomotor nerve (III) as motor
C) trochlear nerve (IV) as sensory, abducens nerve (VI) as motor
D) optic nerve (II) as sensory, oculomotor nerve (III) as motor

Question 65

The simple stretch reflex employs mechanoreceptors known as Golgi tendon organs to detect the degree of stretch experienced by a muscle.

Question 66

Upper motor neurons directly contact and stimulate skeletal muscle fibers to contract.

Question 67

Cranial nerves and spinal nerves are the two types of nerves found in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

Question 68

Which of the following complements the flexion (withdrawal) reflex?

A) crossed ^-extension reflex
B) stretch reflex
C) Golgi tendon reflex
D) gag reflex

Question 69

The somatic sensory division of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) carries stimuli from both general and special senses to the central nervous system (CNS).

Question 70

Interoceptors detect stimuli from the inside of the body, such as blood pressure, stretch of a full urinary bladder, and the body's temperature.

Question 71

Proprioceptors are located in the musculoskeletal system where they detect the movement and position of a joint or body part.

Question 72

Match the following using the image of the plexuses.

Cervical plexus

Question 73

Reflexes are programmed, automatic, and rapid responses to stimuli.

Question 74

In the crossed ^-extension reflex, if the right leg flexes, then the left leg:

A) extends.
B) abducts.
C) adducts.
D) flexes.

Question 75

Twelve pairs of cranial nerves transmit information to and from the brain.

Question 76

The lumbar nerve plexuses arise from the anterior rami of L₁ ^- L₄ and innervate structures of the pelvis and lower limb.

Question 77

The first pair of cranial nerves is the optic nerve (I).

Question 78

Receptive field maps show the regions of skin and the spinal nerve that supplies somatic sensation to them.

Question 79

The visceral motor division (autonomic nervous system) controls the body's voluntary motor functions.

Question 80

The posterior (dorsal) root of a spinal nerve and the posterior ramus are considered mixed nerves since they both carry sensory and motor information.