Deck 4: Histology

Question 1

The epidermis of the skin serves as a barrier to mechanical stresses and protects us from microorganisms.What tissue do you think forms the epidermis?

A)pseudostratified columnar epithelium
B)simple columnar epithelium
C)stratified squamous epithelium
D)simple squamous epithelium

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Where is simple columnar epithelium located?

A)lining of the nasal cavity
B)forming the air sacs of the lungs
C)lining of the small intestine
D)lining the esophagus

Answer 2

C

Question 3

What type of protein fiber,commonly found in the extracellular matrix,is extensible?

A)reticular
B)collagen
C)elastic
D)keratin

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The free surface of an epithelial tissue is the:

A)basal lamina.
B)reticular lamina.
C)apical surface.
D)basement membrane.

Question 5

What general tissue type binds,supports,and protects the body?

A)nervous
B)connective
C)muscle
D)epithelial

Question 6

Simple squamous epithelium is found lining the:

A)urinary bladder.
B)uterine tubes of a female.
C)air sacs of the lungs.
D)nasal cavity.

Question 7

The tissue pictured in this figure is:

A)composed of two layers of columnar cells.
B)composed of multiple layers of columnar cells.
C)composed of two layers of cuboidal cells.
D)composed of a single layer of columnar cells appearing stratified.

Question 8

Tissues are structurally more complex than:

A)cells.
B)organs.
C)organisms.
D)organ systems.

Question 9

Simple cuboidal epithelium is built for:

A)protection from mechanical stresses.
B)distensibility.
C)diffusion.
D)prevention of water loss through the skin.

Question 10

What protein makes stratified epithelial tissues tough and resistant to friction?

A)elastic
B)collagen
C)reticular
D)keratin

Question 11

Which of the following epithelia can be keratinized?

A)stratified squamous epithelium
B)simple columnar epithelium
C)transitional epithelium
D)stratified columnar epithelium

Question 12

Which statement best describes epithelial tissue?

A)Paracellular or transcellular transport moves substances between or across simple epithelia.
B)Stratified epithelia are associated with diffusion,osmosis,and filtration.
C)Simple epithelia are commonly found in areas of high mechanical abrasion.
D)Pseudostratified epithelia are commonly keratinized.

Question 13

Protein channels that are situated between cells and create small pores for the passage of small substances are known as:

A)tight junctions.
B)gap junctions.
C)desmosomes.
D)occluding junctions.

Question 14

Cells in the epidermis of the skin need to be held tightly together so that an impermeable barrier to fluids is created.What type of junction performs this function?

A)intercalated disc
B)tight junction
C)desmosome
D)gap junction

Question 15

The extracellular matrix (ECM)of epithelial tissue is located in the:

A)reticular lamina.
B)apical surface.
C)basal lamina.
D)desmosome.

Question 16

How are epithelial tissues classified?

A)Epithelium is classified as either loose or dense.
B)Epithelium is classified by the presence or absence of ECM.
C)Epithelium is classified by the number of cell layers and the shape of the cells.
D)Epithelium is classified as either voluntary or involuntary.

Question 17

You examine a tissue slide through the microscope and recognize one layer of cells that are mostly tall and elongated.You determine this tissue to be:

A)simple cuboidal epithelium.
B)stratified columnar epithelium.
C)simple columnar epithelium.
D)simple squamous epithelium.

Question 18

Keratinized,dead cells are associated with:

A)stratified squamous epithelium.
B)simple squamous epithelium.
C)simple columnar epithelium.
D)pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

Question 19

What component of ground substance adheres cells to each other and to their places within the extracellular matrix (ECM)?

A)glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
B)proteoglycans
C)hyaluronic acid
D)glycoproteins

Question 20

What type of cell junction would most likely prevent water from flowing between our cells?

A)gap junctions
B)glycoproteins
C)desmosomes
D)tight junctions

Question 21

What fibers are common in this tissue?

A)collagen only
B)reticular only
C)both elastic and some reticular
D)both elastic and some collagen

Question 22

What makes cartilage an unusual connective tissue?

A)Cartilage lacks an extracellular matrix (ECM)and ground substance.
B)Cartilage lacks collagen fibers.
C)Types of cartilage are named for their primary locations in the body.
D)Cartilage essentially lacks blood vessels coursing through the cartilage.

Question 23

Which organ system is lined by transitional epithelium to accommodate stretching?

A)digestive system
B)urinary system
C)respiratory system
D)muscular system

Question 24

The major energy reserve in the body is found stored as fat in:

A)areolar connective tissue.
B)reticular tissue.
C)fibrocartilage.
D)adipose tissue.

Question 25

Which of the following is composed of multiple layers of cells?

A)transitional epithelium
B)simple squamous epithelium
C)pseudostratified columnar epithelium
D)simple columnar epithelium

Question 26

Bone,or osseous,tissue provides protection for our vital organs since the inorganic ground substance is:

A)calcium phosphate crystals.
B)both collagen and elastic fibers.
C)mostly water,dissolved solutes,and proteins.
D)collagen fibers.

Question 27

What type of large,multinucleated cell destroys bone?

A)osteocyte
B)osteoclast
C)chondroblast
D)osteoblast

Question 28

What statement best describes dense regular collagenous connective tissue?

A)Dense regular collagenous connective tissue contains parallel bundles of elastic fibers.
B)Dense regular collagenous connective tissue forms tendons and ligaments.
C)Dense regular collagenous connective tissue contains bundles of collagen fibers arranged haphazardly.
D)Dense regular collagenous connective tissue is found in the dermis of the skin.

Question 29

Which of the following is a mature cartilage cell that resides within a small cavity in the ECM called lacunae?

A)osteoblasts
B)chondroblasts
C)fibroblasts
D)chondrocytes

Question 30

Glands,such as the thyroid,that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than through ducts are classified as:

A)ceruminous.
B)endocrine.
C)exocrine.
D)sebaceous.

Question 31

Cells found associated with connective tissue proper that ingest foreign substances,microorganisms,and dead and damaged cells are:

A)mast cells.
B)fibroblasts.
C)adipocytes.
D)phagocytes.

Question 32

Which unicellular gland is responsible for mucus secretion?

A)goblet cell
B)fibroblast
C)mast cell
D)adipocyte

Question 33

What type of blood cell transports oxygen throughout the body?

A)platelet
B)osteoblast
C)erythrocyte
D)leukocyte

Question 34

Which of the following types of tissue can be described as irregular or regular?

A)reticular tissue
B)dense connective tissue
C)osseous tissue
D)loose connective tissue

Question 35

Connective tissues proper (or general connective tissues)produce collagen fibers using cells known as:

A)mast cells.
B)adipocytes.
C)fibroblasts.
D)phagocytes.

Question 36

Which of the following is constructed of elastic cartilage?

A)intervertebral discs
B)fetal skeleton
C)external ear
D)nose

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT a location of reticular tissue?

A)tendons
B)bone marrow
C)spleen
D)lymph nodes

Question 38

Chondrocytes are to cartilage as osteocytes are to:

A)blood.
B)fat.
C)bone.
D)skin.

Question 39

What type of secretion involves the release of substances,such as saliva and sweat,in secretory vesicles by exocytosis?

A)holocrine
B)merocrine
C)endocrine
D)apocrine

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT a type of connective tissue proper?

A)loose connective tissue
B)dense connective tissue
C)adipose tissue
D)hyaline cartilage

Question 41

What part of a neuron conducts electrical signals away from the cell body?

A)neuroglial cell
B)dendrite
C)axon
D)soma

Question 42

What type of membrane lines cavities that open to the outside of the body?

A)mucous membrane
B)synovial membrane
C)serous membrane
D)cutaneous membrane

Question 43

Name this tissue.

A)smooth muscle tissue
B)cardiac muscle tissue
C)dense irregular connective tissue
D)skeletal muscle tissue

Question 44

What do skeletal and cardiac muscle cells share in common?

A)striations
B)intercalated discs situated between cells
C)multinucleate cells
D)branched cells

Question 45

Which of the following is a more complex structure than a tissue?

A)fiber
B)organ
C)macromolecule
D)cell

Question 46

The ECM of blood is known as:

A)plasma.
B)bone marrow.
C)osteoid.
D)lacunae.

Question 47

Which of the following is the inner part of a serous membrane that covers the lungs?

A)synovial membrane
B)parietal pleura
C)visceral pleura
D)lamina propria

Question 48

Striations are a structural feature associated with some:

A)muscle cells.
B)fibroblasts.
C)adipocytes.
D)neurons.

Question 49

A serous membrane contains a superficial layer of epithelial tissue and a deeper layer of connective tissue.Thus,serous membranes are classified as:

A)avascular.
B)organs.
C)amitotic.
D)tissues.

Question 50

A patient is diagnosed with mesothelioma.This cancer affects the:

A)mucous membranes.
B)cutaneous membranes.
C)serous membranes.
D)synovial membranes.

Question 51

Where is cardiac muscle tissue located?

A)ducts of certain glands
B)heart
C)attached to bones
D)tendons and ligaments

Question 52

Cells that generate,conduct,and receive electrical messages are:

A)neurons.
B)soma.
C)neuroglial cells.
D)dendrites.

Question 53

Synovial membranes:

A)line the passages of hollow organs that open to the outside of the body.
B)line the pleural,pericardial,and peritoneal body cavities.
C)are hard due to the presence of keratin.
D)line the cavities surrounding freely movable joints.

Question 54

Fibrosis results in the formation of a type of:

A)loose connective tissue.
B)dense irregular connective tissue.
C)adipose tissue.
D)dense regular collagenous connective tissue.

Question 55

Why are damaged neurons usually not replaced?

A)Neurons are amitotic.
B)Neurons are supported by neuroglial cells.
C)Neurons are excitable cells.
D)Neurons are voluntarily controlled by the brain.

Question 56

What provides a hard,continuous surface for the epidermis of the cutaneous membrane?

A)mucus
B)keratin
C)collagen
D)cilia

Question 57

What lubricates movable joints such as the hip,knee,and elbow?

A)mucus
B)synovial fluid
C)saliva
D)serous fluid

Question 58

The permanent replacement of normal tissue by scar tissue is called:

A)apoptosis.
B)inflammation.
C)necrosis.
D)fibrosis.

Question 59

Striated,multinucleate cells are commonly found in:

A)skeletal muscle tissue.
B)smooth muscle tissue.
C)cardiac muscle tissue.
D)both smooth and cardiac muscle tissue.

Question 60

What happens to epithelial tissue damaged from a superficial paper cut?

A)Epithelial tissue heals by fibrosis.
B)Epithelial tissue is replaced by dense irregular connective tissue.
C)Epithelial tissue is replaced by scar tissue.
D)Epithelial tissue heals by regeneration.

Question 61

Describe how endocrine and exocrine glands differ structurally.

Question 62

Why is blood a unique type of connective tissue?

Question 63

Explain how you distinguish between dense regular collagenous connective tissue and dense irregular connective tissue if viewing these tissues through a microscope.

Question 64

Is pseudostratified columnar epithelium a simple tissue or a stratified tissue? Explain.

Question 65

Stratified epithelium does not line areas where transcellular transport is required.

Question 66

Describe the three types of protein fibers common to the extracellular matrix of tissues.

Question 67

Through the microscope,you notice a tissue that has an apical surface,multiple layers,and flattened cells near the apical surface.Determine both the general and specific type of tissue you have observed and explain how you came to your conclusion.

Question 68

Explain the role of the fibroblast in connective tissues.

Question 69

Determine and explain whether a desmosome or a tight junction is the more suitable cell junction for withstanding mechanical stress.

Question 70

Explain why fibrocartilage is structurally well-suited to its function.

Question 71

Gel-like ground substance is the major component of the extracellular matrix (ECM).

Question 72

Would you expect scar tissue to be found in bone? Explain.

Question 73

Heather damaged cartilage in her joint while exercising.She learned that she will have to wait a few months before returning to physical activity.Discuss why you think cartilage,in general,is slow to heal based on your knowledge of cartilage structure.

Question 74

Mrs.Lee has been diagnosed with pleurisy affecting the membrane surrounding her lungs.Determine the type of membrane affected and describe its structure.

Question 75

Rick learned his elbow pain results from a damaged tendon.Identify and describe the type of tissue that forms tendons.

Question 76

Describe the two criteria by which epithelial tissues are classified.

Question 77

How do neurons and neuroglial cells differ in their functions as part of nervous tissue?

Question 78

Explain why a severe heart attack (myocardial infarction)has left Mr.Rodriguez's heart muscle weakened.

Question 79

What function do intercalated discs serve in cardiac muscle tissue?

Question 80

What functional advantage is there for skeletal muscle cells to be multinucleate?