Deck 3: The Cell

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane proteins?

A)acting as enzymes
B)stabilizing temperature
C)acting as carriers
D)acting as channels

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Cytosol is also known as:

A)blood plasma.
B)extracellular fluid (ECF).
C)intracellular fluid (ICF).
D)the cytoskeleton.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The main component of the cytosol is:

A)water.
B)the nucleus.
C)organelles.
D)sugars.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Cellular swelling is likely to occur when blood cells are immersed in:

A)more concentrated solutions.
B)isotonic solutions.
C)hypotonic solutions.
D)hypertonic solutions.

Question 5

What is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

A)catalyze macromolecules into subunits
B)isolate the cell from its surroundings
C)structural support
D)communication with other cells

Question 6

Molecular machines that perform specific functions for the cell are:

A)the plasma membrane.
B)cytosol.
C)the cytoskeleton.
D)organelles.

Question 7

A substance moves by facilitated diffusion into a cell.What is required for its transport?

A)ATP only
B)a pump
C)both ATP and a protein channel
D)either a protein channel or a carrier protein

Question 8

A cell is placed into a 3% dextrose solution.At that concentration,the solution is isotonic to the cell.If the concentration of dextrose in the solution is increased to 5%,the cell is now in a(n):

A)less concentrated solution.
B)isotonic solution.
C)hypotonic solution.
D)hypertonic solution.

Question 9

What is transported across a membrane during osmosis?

A)sugars
B)water
C)solutes
D)salts

Question 10

Aquaporins may be employed during:

A)simple diffusion.
B)endocytosis.
C)active transport.
D)osmosis.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the structure of the plasma membrane?

A)The plasma membrane is a phospholipid bilayer surrounding the cell.
B)The plasma membrane is composed of cristae.
C)The plasma membrane is a double layer of protein enclosing the plasma.
D)The plasma membrane is a single-layered membrane that surrounds the nucleus of the cell.

Question 12

Simple diffusion requires:

A)carrier proteins.
B)protein channels.
C)a concentration gradient.
D)the use of energy.

Question 13

What is NOT one of the three main parts of a cell?

A)cytoplasm
B)nucleus
C)plasma membrane
D)extracellular fluid

Question 14

Sodium ions are moving with their concentration gradient with the use of a protein channel across a plasma membrane.Determine the type of membrane transport used to transport these sodium ions.

A)primary active transport
B)simple diffusion
C)osmosis
D)facilitated diffusion

Question 15

Carbon dioxide is a small molecule that moves through the phospholipid bilayer with its concentration gradient by:

A)osmosis.
B)facilitated diffusion.
C)primary active transport.
D)simple diffusion.

Question 16

Which of the following would NOT be a component of the plasma membrane?

A)glycoproteins
B)cholesterol
C)phospholipids
D)cytoskeleton

Question 17

Why is cholesterol a critical component of the plasma membrane?

A)Cholesterol transports certain molecules into the cell.
B)Cholesterol serves a role in cell recognition.
C)Cholesterol catalyzes metabolic reactions from its position within the plasma membrane.
D)Cholesterol stabilizes the structure of the plasma membrane when the temperature changes.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes a cell's response to being placed into an extracellular solution that is hypertonic to the cytosol?

A)lysis
B)crenation
C)no net gain or loss of water
D)swelling

Question 19

During osmosis,water moves across a selectively permeable membrane toward a solution with:

A)more water molecules.
B)the highest solute concentration.
C)the lowest solute concentration.
D)the lowest osmotic pressure.

Question 20

Which of the following describes the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane structure?

A)The lipid bilayer is solid at body temperature,thus protecting the cell.
B)The plasma membrane is composed of two layers of proteins embedded with lipids.
C)The phospholipid bilayer is embedded with associated proteins,cholesterol and sugars and has a dynamic arrangement.
D)Phospholipids consist of a polar head and a nonpolar tail made of three fatty acid chains.

Question 21

Two types of active transport via vesicles are:

A)endocytosis and exocytosis.
B)simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion.
C)primary active transport and secondary active transport.
D)diffusion and osmosis.

Question 22

Active transport processes:

A)move solutes with or along their concentration gradients.
B)require cells to expend energy (ATP).
C)move solutes from a higher concentration to a lower concentration.
D)move solutes through the phospholipid bilayer without the use of integral proteins.

Question 23

The Na⁺/K⁺ pump transports three sodium ions out of the cell for every two potassium ions moved into the cell.This is an example of:

A)a symport pump.
B)an antiport pump.
C)facilitated diffusion.
D)a uniport pump.

Question 24

Which of the following best describes secondary active transport?

A)Secondary active transport involves the movement of a substance into a cell with its concentration gradient.
B)Secondary active transport involves the movement of a substance into a cell through a protein channel with its concentration gradient.
C)Secondary active transport occurs when one substance is coupled with the passive transport of a second substance.
D)Secondary active transport involves the movement of water by osmosis into a cell.

Question 25

Which organelle modifies,sorts,and packages proteins and lipids for export from the cell?

A)mitochondrion
B)cytoskeleton
C)endoplasmic reticulum
D)Golgi apparatus

Question 26

The reactions of oxidative catabolism,or aerobic respiration,can occur in the mitochondrion only in the presence of:

A)alkaline pH.
B)oxygen.
C)carbon dioxide.
D)hydrogen ions.

Question 27

You can differentiate the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)from the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)due to the presence of on the RER.

A)free ribosomes
B)bound peroxisomes
C)bound ribosomes
D)bound lysosomes

Question 28

Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is FALSE?

A)The cytoskeleton synthesizes proteins.
B)The cytoskeleton functions in movement.
C)The cytoskeleton supports the plasma and nuclear membranes.
D)The cytoskeleton provides the characteristic shape and size to a cell.

Question 29

What is NOT part of the endomembrane system?

A)endoplasmic reticulum
B)peroxisome
C)lysosome
D)Golgi apparatus

Question 30

Identify the type of solution into which this cell has been placed.

A)hypertonic
B)isotonic
C)hypotonic
D)a solution with equal solute concentration as the cell

Question 31

Where does protein synthesis occur?

A)peroxisomes
B)mitochondria
C)lysosomes
D)ribosomes

Question 32

Muscle cells require an abundant amount of ATP to function.Therefore,muscle cells have numerous:

A)lysosomes.
B)mitochondria.
C)ribosomes.
D)peroxisomes.

Question 33

What organelle degrades old,worn-out organelles and cell components?

A)lysosome
B)peroxisome
C)rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
D)Golgi apparatus

Question 34

A process that requires energy to move a substance against its concentration gradient is called:

A)active transport.
B)osmosis.
C)facilitated transport.
D)passive transport.

Question 35

Which of the following processes are functionally opposite to one another?

A)endocytosis and exocytosis
B)simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion
C)phagocytosis and pinocytosis
D)osmosis and simple diffusion

Question 36

The total solute concentration of a red blood cell is about 2%.Sucrose cannot pass through a red blood cell's plasma membrane,but water and urea can.Which of the following solutions will cause a red blood cell to shrink?

A)a hypertonic sucrose solution
B)a hypertonic urea solution
C)a hypotonic sucrose solution
D)a hypotonic urea solution

Question 37

Resting membrane potential is due to unequal concentrations of:

A)water molecules.
B)acids and bases.
C)phospholipids and proteins.
D)ions.

Question 38

Place the following steps of endomembrane system function in the correct order. 1.Golgi apparatus receives transport vesicles from the RER.
2)Ribosomes on the RER synthesize proteins.
3)Proteins are packaged into transport vesicles.
4)Modified proteins may be secreted from the cell by exocytosis.
5)Proteins are modified by the Golgi apparatus.

A)2,3,1,5,4
B)3,2,1,4,5
C)2,4,3,1,5
D)1,2,3,5,4

Question 39

What is NOT a function of the peroxisome?

A)oxidize toxic substances
B)break down fatty acids
C)synthesize certain phospholipids
D)protein synthesis

Question 40

A white blood cell engulfs a bacterium through a process called:

A)facilitated diffusion.
B)exocytosis.
C)primary active transport.
D)endocytosis.

Question 41

Most of a cell's DNA is located in its:

A)ribosomes.
B)lysosomes.
C)nucleus.
D)Golgi apparatus.

Question 42

The triplet codes in DNA needed to specify a specific polypeptide chain are found in the:

A)anticodon of tRNA.
B)codon of mRNA.
C)gene.
D)cytoplasm.

Question 43

How many homologous chromosome pairs are present in most human cells?

A)23
B)46
C)4
D)18

Question 44

Within the nucleus,where does ribosome assembly occur?

A)nuclear pore
B)centromere
C)nucleoplasm
D)nucleolus

Question 45

What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription?

A)RNA polymerase binds the DNA promoter and builds an mRNA molecule.
B)RNA polymerase catalyzes the unwinding of the DNA double helix.
C)RNA polymerase carries the code for the amino acid in a sequence of nucleotides.
D)RNA polymerase signals the end of the mRNA molecule.

Question 46

Microtubules are composed of protein subunits known as:

A)actin.
B)tubulin.
C)keratin.
D)myosin.

Question 47

What are the two steps of protein synthesis that produce a protein from a gene?

A)transcription and translation
B)replication and transcription
C)mitosis and cytokinesis
D)replication and translation

Question 48

Where does transcription of DNA into RNA occur?

A)Golgi apparatus
B)nucleus
C)mitochondrion
D)peroxisome

Question 49

Which of the following components of the nucleus is composed of DNA?

A)nuclear lamina
B)nuclear pores
C)chromatin
D)nuclear envelope

Question 50

Before the mRNA transcribed from a gene can be used for translation into a protein,it must be:

A)coated with phospholipids for transport out of the nucleus.
B)folded into its proper three-dimensional configuration.
C)modified to remove introns,exons spliced together,and transported into the cytosol.
D)modified to remove exons,introns spliced together,and transported to a tRNA molecule.

Question 51

Tightly coiled DNA molecules present during cell division are known as:

A)chromosomes.
B)the nucleosome.
C)the nuclear envelope.
D)the nucleoplasm.

Question 52

Place the following steps of protein synthesis in the correct order as they occur. 1.mRNA is produced in the nucleus.
2)Ribosome moves along mRNA.
3)DNA uncoils for transcription.
4)Polypeptide is produced.
5)tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome.
6)mRNA moves to the ribosome.

A)2,1,5,4,3,6
B)3,5,1,6,2,4
C)3,1,6,2,5,4
D)2,4,6,1,3,5

Question 53

The unit of DNA that specifies a certain amino acid is called a ,the same unit of mRNA is called a(n)which,during protein synthesis,is matched by the of tRNA.

A)gene; triplet; amino acid
B)nucleotide; triplet; gene
C)triplet; anticodon; codon
D)triplet; codon; anticodon

Question 54

Human cells that lack centrioles cannot:

A)metabolize sugars.
B)move.
C)divide.
D)synthesize proteins.

Question 55

How many codons are present in the following strand of mRNA? U A C G G U A G U A U G

A)4
B)12
C)3
D)6

Question 56

A mutation has changed the sequence in a codon from UGG to UGA.Using the codon chart provided in this figure,determine the change in the amino acid sequence.

A)from tryptophan to stop
B)from glycine to glutamine
C)from start to stop
D)from threonine to threonine

Question 57

Provide the tRNA anticodon that is complementary to this mRNA codon: UAC.

A)TUG
B)AUG
C)ATG
D)TAG

Question 58

Transcribe mRNA from this strand of DNA.

Question 59

Through the microscope,you see cells swimming.Each cell has a long tail that moves in a whip-like manner.What type of cellular extension have you observed?

A)flagellum
B)centriole
C)microvillus
D)cilium

Question 60

Tetracycline is an antibiotic used to treat infections.It binds with bacterial ribosomes and inhibits the tRNA molecule from binding to the ribosome.What process is interrupted?

A)transcription
B)mitosis
C)translation
D)replication

Question 61

The tRNA molecule binds a start codon of the mRNA molecule during:

A)termination.
B)initiation.
C)transcription.
D)elongation.

Question 62

Programmed cell death is called:

A)neoplasia.
B)hydrolysis.
C)apoptosis.
D)metastasis.

Question 63

Predict water movement across a membrane by osmosis when a concentration gradient is present.

Question 64

Cancer cells:

A)have a slower mitotic rate than normal body cells.
B)do not spread into other body tissues.
C)are indistinguishable from normal body cells.
D)may exhibit metastasis.

Question 65

What occurs during the period of interphase known as the S phase?

A)Proteins,organelles,and cytosol are divided between the daughter cells.
B)DNA replication (synthesis)takes place.
C)Genetic material is divided between the daughter cells.
D)The cell is rapidly synthesizing proteins.

Question 66

What process divides the cytosol,organelles,and proteins?

A)mitosis
B)prophase
C)synthesis
D)cytokinesis

Question 67

Describe the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane.

Question 68

If a chemotherapy drug prevents the mitotic spindle from forming during the M phase of the cell cycle,then what specific phase has been disrupted?

A)metaphase
B)prophase
C)telophase
D)anaphase

Question 69

Differentiate between integral proteins and peripheral proteins found associated with the plasma membrane.

Question 70

The completion of cytokinesis accompanies:

A)telophase.
B)metaphase.
C)prophase.
D)anaphase.

Question 71

Cell division occurs during:

A)S phase.
B)M phase.
C)G₁ phase.
D)G₂ phase.

Question 72

Discuss the components of the cytoplasm.

Question 73

If a cell has 18 chromosomes and undergoes mitosis,how many chromosomes would each daughter cell have?

A)36
B)18
C)72
D)9

Question 74

The stage of the cell cycle in which the cell grows and prepares for cell division is called:

A)mitosis.
B)cytokinesis.
C)interphase.
D)metaphase.

Question 75

Explain why humans should avoid drinking salt water.

Question 76

What is the role of DNA helicase during the S phase of interphase?

A)DNA helicase builds RNA primers on the existing DNA strands.
B)DNA helicase removes the RNA primer and replaces it with DNA.
C)DNA helicase catalyzes the addition of nucleotides to the new DNA strands.
D)DNA helicase unwinds the two strands of DNA.

Question 77

During which phase of mitosis are sister chromatids separated when the mitotic spindle fibers shorten?

A)anaphase
B)metaphase
C)telophase
D)prophase

Question 78

What is the correct order of the phases in the M phase of the cell cycle?

A)metaphase,prophase,anaphase,telophase
B)prophase,metaphase,anaphase,telophase
C)prophase,anaphase,metaphase,telophase
D)anaphase,telophase,prophase,metaphase

Question 79

Cells that stall in a state of the cell cycle known as G₀ are said to be:

A)nondividing cells.
B)dead cells.
C)rapidly dividing cells.
D)cancerous cells.

Question 80

Elongation of the polypeptide continues as long as a new tRNA molecule situates in the:

A)E site of the ribosome.
B)P site of the ribosome.
C)A site of the ribosome.
D)M site of the ribosome.