Deck 22: The Digestive System

Question 1

Sjögren's syndrome is an autoimmune disorder in which the body's white blood cells attack and destroy exocrine glands,specifically the salivary glands.What could a patient with this syndrome expect?

A)increased saliva production
B)increased risk of dental cavities,or caries
C)increased production of salivary amylase
D)impaction of the wisdom teeth

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a major job of the digestive system?

A)fluid and electrolyte homeostasis
B)manufacturing blood cells
C)acid-base homeostasis
D)ingestion of vitamins and minerals

Answer 2

B

Question 3

What separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity?

A)hard palate and soft palate
B)labial frenulum and lingual frenulum
C)extrinsic and intrinsic muscles
D)periodontal ligament

Answer 3

A

Question 4

What is the main job of the pharynx?

A)propulsion
B)mechanical digestion
C)absorption
D)secretion

Question 5

The portion of a tooth that is visible above the gum line is known as the:

A)crown.
B)root.
C)cementum.
D)pulp.

Question 6

Which of the following catalyzes carbohydrates in the mouth?

A)bicarbonate ions
B)secretory IgA
C)lysozyme
D)salivary amylase

Question 7

The sympathetic nervous system:

A)has no effect on digestive processes.
B)is the primary regulator of digestive processes.
C)stimulates digestive processes.
D)inhibits digestive processes.

Question 8

Damage to the enteric nervous system that innervates the digestive organs could affect:

A)deglutition.
B)mastication.
C)motility.
D)salivation.

Question 9

From deep (innermost)to superficial (outermost),the layers of the organs of the alimentary canal are: 1.mucosa
2)muscularis externa
3)serosa (adventitia)
4)submucosa

A)1,4,3,2
B)3,2,4,1
C)1,2,4,3
D)1,4,2,3

Question 10

Jerry had an ulcer affecting the innermost epithelium of the stomach facing the lumen.Which layer of the alimentary canal was ulcerated?

A)submucosa
B)muscularis externa
C)mucosa
D)serosa (adventitia)

Question 11

Which tongue papillae lack taste buds?

A)filiform
B)circumvallate
C)fungiform
D)foliate

Question 12

The crown of a tooth is covered by:

A)pulp.
B)enamel.
C)cementum.
D)dentin.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a process occurring in the oral cavity?

A)segmentation
B)chemical digestion
C)ingestion
D)propulsion

Question 14

Absorption is best described as the:

A)movement of food particles through the wall of the alimentary canal.
B)reactions that break chemical bonds of food particles.
C)passage of foods and liquids from one digestive organ to the next.
D)elimination of feces and some metabolic wastes.

Question 15

Which nervous system primarily controls and increases salivation?

A)parasympathetic nervous system
B)sympathetic nervous system
C)enteric nervous system
D)submucosal nervous system

Question 16

Rolita had the mumps as a child and experienced swelling in the parotid glands.What do these glands secrete?

A)sweat
B)oil
C)saliva
D)tears

Question 17

Splanchnic circulation involves the blood supply that feeds and drains:

A)thoracic cardiovascular organs.
B)abdominal digestive organs.
C)abdominal reproductive organs.
D)thoracic digestive organs.

Question 18

What is the first process to occur in the digestive system?

A)absorption
B)defecation
C)peristalsis
D)ingestion

Question 19

A disease that attacks and disables the myenteric plexus would:

A)increase gastric secretion.
B)decrease the motility of muscularis externa.
C)decrease gastric secretion.
D)increase the motility of muscularis externa.

Question 20

What creates the mesentery?

A)parietal peritoneum
B)greater omentum
C)muscularis externa
D)visceral peritoneum

Question 21

Mary's stroke left her unable to swallow.What specialized type of propulsion was affected?

A)mastication
B)deglutition
C)salivation
D)segmentation

Question 22

Which hormone increases acid secretion by the stomach?

A)secretin
B)somatostatin
C)gastric-inhibitory peptide (GIP)
D)gastrin

Question 23

What is accomplished by the enterogastric reflex?

A)The enterogastric reflex stimulates hydrogen ion release by the stomach.
B)The enterogastric reflex decreases vagal activity and acid secretion by the stomach.
C)The enterogastric reflex stimulates histamine secretion by the stomach.
D)The enterogastric reflex stimulates intestinal gastrin release.

Question 24

What is the final segment of the small intestine?

A)jejunum
B)ileum
C)duodenum
D)pylorus

Question 25

Which process is NOT a main function of the stomach?

A)propulsion
B)absorption
C)secretion
D)digestion

Question 26

What region of the esophagus is composed of smooth muscle only?

A)entire length of the esophagus
B)superior third of the esophagus
C)inferior third of the esophagus
D)middle third of the esophagus

Question 27

What is released by the diffuse neuroendocrine system (DNES)cells of the gastric glands?

A)hydrochloric acid (HCl)
B)intrinsic factor
C)gastrin
D)pepsinogen

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT an effect of the vagus nerve on the stomach's activities?

A)stimulation of somatostatin secretion
B)stimulation of hydrogen ion release
C)stimulation of gastric secretion
D)stimulation of histamine secretion

Question 29

The digestion of which food group may be affected by an inadequate amount of stomach acid?

A)steroids
B)starches
C)lipids
D)proteins

Question 30

What controls the passage of chyme from the last region of the stomach to the duodenum region of the small intestine?

A)pyloric sphincter
B)lower esophageal sphincter
C)gastroesophageal sphincter
D)ileocecal valve

Question 31

Proton-pump inhibitors are drugs that block the secretions of gastric acids.Which cells are affected by these drugs?

A)parietal cells
B)mucous neck cells
C)diffuse neuroendocrine system (DNES)cells
D)chief cells

Question 32

The first sphincter encountered in the alimentary canal is the:

A)ileocecal sphincter.
B)gastroesophageal sphincter.
C)upper esophageal sphincter.
D)pyloric sphincter.

Question 33

What is the primary effect of gastric-inhibitory peptide (GIP)?

A)GIP stimulates secretion of pancreatic enzymes from acinar cells.
B)GIP causes the gallbladder to contract and release bile.
C)GIP stimulates gastric motility.
D)GIP inhibits acid secretion from parietal cells.

Question 34

Which segment of the small intestine receives chyme from the stomach?

A)duodenum
B)jejunum
C)cecum
D)ileum

Question 35

The conversion of pepsinogen into the active form,pepsin,requires:

A)an acidic pH.
B)intrinsic factor.
C)vitamin B12.
D)alkaline mucus.

Question 36

Which cranial nerve stimulates acid secretion during the stomach's gastric phase?

A)vagus nerve
B)hypoglossal nerve
C)accessory nerve
D)glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 37

What region of the stomach does food first enter after its passage through the relaxed gastroesophageal sphincter?

A)pylorus
B)body
C)cardia
D)fundus

Question 38

What does the gastric pacemaker regulate?

A)hormone secretion by the stomach
B)acid production by the stomach
C)churning and peristalsis of the stomach
D)protein digestion by the stomach

Question 39

Chief cells release:

A)intrinsic factor.
B)pepsinogen.
C)gastrin.
D)mucus.

Question 40

Which cells release hydrochloric acid (HCl)into the stomach?

A)parietal cells
B)diffuse neuroendocrine system (DNES)cells
C)chief cells
D)mucous neck cells

Question 41

What creates the taeniae coli?

A)longitudinal layer of the muscularis externa
B)serosa
C)circular layer of the muscularis externa
D)oblique layer of the muscularis externa

Question 42

Which process,known as intestinal churning,involves a squeezing motion of the circular layer of smooth muscle in the small intestine?

A)peristalsis
B)defecation
C)deglutition
D)segmentation

Question 43

What prevents bacteria and materials in the large intestine from flowing backward into the ileum of the small intestine?

A)pyloric sphincter
B)gastroesophageal sphincter
C)ileocecal valve
D)circular folds

Question 44

Peristaltic contractions that propel the contents of the colon toward the distal large intestine are:

A)defecation.
B)mass movements.
C)segmentation.
D)haustral contractions.

Question 45

The gallbladder is located on the posterior side of the:

A)liver.
B)spleen.
C)pancreas.
D)stomach.

Question 46

What is NOT a major function of the normal flora of the large intestine?

A)deter the growth of harmful bacteria
B)produce vitamins
C)metabolize undigested wastes
D)inhibit the immune system

Question 47

Acinar cells of the pancreas release:

A)glucagon.
B)insulin.
C)cholecystokinin.
D)pancreatic juice.

Question 48

Which modification of the small intestine creates a brush border appearance upon microscopic examination?

A)circular folds
B)plicae circulares
C)villi
D)microvilli

Question 49

The final process to occur in the alimentary canal is:

A)absorption.
B)defecation.
C)segmentation.
D)secretion.

Question 50

Which hormone stimulates the acinar cells of the pancreas to secrete digestive enzymes?

A)glucagon
B)insulin
C)cholecystokinin (CCK)
D)secretin

Question 51

Which nervous system controls the migrating motor complex of the small intestine?

A)central nervous system
B)enteric nervous system
C)somatic nervous system
D)sympathetic nervous system

Question 52

At the splenic flexure,the colon becomes the:

A)transverse colon.
B)descending colon.
C)ascending colon.
D)sigmoid colon.

Question 53

Which of the following does NOT increase surface area in the small intestine?

A)circular folds
B)rugae
C)microvilli
D)villi

Question 54

The pancreatic juices transported in the main pancreatic duct are destined for the:

A)liver.
B)gallbladder.
C)stomach.
D)duodenum.

Question 55

Which of the following operates voluntarily and is controlled by the cerebral cortex?

A)pyloric sphincter
B)ileocecal valve
C)external anal sphincter
D)internal anal sphincter

Question 56

What stimulus initiates the defecation reflex?

A)release of secretin and cholecystokinin (CCK)by the small intestine
B)the stretch of the rectum
C)pressure on the gastroesophageal sphincter
D)presence of acid in the stomach

Question 57

What cells compose the liver lobules?

A)hepatocytes
B)chief cells
C)acinar cells
D)parietal cells

Question 58

The falciform ligament separates the:

A)liver from the gallbladder.
B)caudate and quadrate lobes of the liver.
C)quadrate and right lobes of the liver.
D)right and left lobes of the liver.

Question 59

The first portion of the large intestine is the:

A)ascending colon.
B)transverse colon.
C)cecum.
D)rectum.

Question 60

What can we consciously control about the defecation reflex?

A)relaxation of the internal anal sphincter
B)degree to which the rectum stretches
C)relaxation of the external anal sphincter
D)mass movements (or,mass peristalsis)

Question 61

What best exemplifies enzymatic hydrolysis?

A)nutrient breakdown
B)absorption
C)mastication
D)segmentation

Question 62

Ben had most of his stomach removed in an attempt for drastic weight loss.He is at the greatest risk for:

A)lactose intolerance.
B)gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
C)pernicious anemia.
D)dehydration.

Question 63

How is fructose absorbed across the apical enterocyte membrane?

A)Na⁺/K⁺ pump
B)endocytosis
C)Na⁺/glucose cotransporter
D)facilitated diffusion

Question 64

Since her stomach was removed,Mrs.Lopez has the most difficulty initiating digestion of:

A)monosaccharides.
B)lipids.
C)oligosaccharides.
D)proteins.

Question 65

Gallstones may block the flow of bile from the gallbladder by becoming lodged in the:

A)accessory pancreatic duct.
B)hepatic portal vein.
C)common hepatic duct.
D)cystic duct.

Question 66

What enzyme catalyzes reactions that initiate carbohydrate digestion?

A)pancreatic amylase
B)trypsin
C)salivary amylase
D)pepsin

Question 67

Which enzyme catalyzes the reaction of lactose into glucose and galactose?

A)lipase
B)maltase
C)sucrase
D)lactase

Question 68

The digestive system is regulated by the sympathetic,parasympathetic,and enteric nervous systems.

Question 69

Salivation is primarily controlled by nerves of the parasympathetic nervous system which release acetylcholine onto the acinar cells of the salivary glands.

Question 70

What is the most potent stimulus for a positive feedback loop that results in the release of bile by the liver?

A)bile salt re-entry into the liver
B)secretin
C)vagus nerve
D)cholecystokinin (CCK)

Question 71

The teeth are involved in mechanical digestion as they are the major organs of mastication.

Question 72

Damaged hepatocytes will impair:

A)protein digestion.
B)bile production.
C)the defecation reflex.
D)carbohydrate digestion.

Question 73

What liver secretion is responsible for the emulsification of lipids in the duodenum?

A)cholecystokinin (CCK)
B)pancreatic juice
C)secretin
D)bile

Question 74

Which organ functions to absorb significant quantities of water,electrolytes,and vitamins?

A)spleen
B)stomach
C)large intestine
D)pancreas

Question 75

Which of the following does NOT transport bile?

A)common hepatic duct
B)accessory pancreatic duct
C)common bile duct
D)cystic duct

Question 76

The mucosa of the alimentary canal from esophagus to anus is composed of simple columnar epithelium.

Question 77

Cherise is lactose-intolerant because she produces insufficient amounts of an enzyme called:

A)sucrase.
B)lactase.
C)maltase.
D)galactose.

Question 78

In which organ is chyme mixed with pancreatic juice and bile?

A)cecum
B)esophagus
C)duodenum
D)stomach

Question 79

The removal of the gallbladder will affect:

A)bile production.
B)carbohydrate digestion.
C)motility of the stomach.
D)bile storage.

Question 80

Emulsification requires:

A)stercobilin.
B)enzymes.
C)bile salts.
D)nuclease.