Deck 15: Vascular System

Question 1

What happens as blood is transported from the aorta to the capillaries?

A) Pressure increases
B) Flow increases
C) Resistance increases
D) Velocity increases

Answer 1

C

Question 2

How does the cardiovascular system meet the metabolic needs of skeletal muscle during strenuous exercise?

A) It maintains blood flow at a stable rate.
B) It opens up capillary beds in skeletal muscle.
C) It temporarily diverts blood from the gastrointestinal tract and brain to get extra blood to the muscles.
D) It dilates capillaries to approximately twice their original diameter to accommodate the extra blood.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The abdominal aorta divides into

A) the right and left common mesenteric arteries.
B) the right and left common iliac arteries.
C) the right and left femoral arteries.
D) the right and left popliteal arteries.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

What is diffusion from the standpoint of capillary exchange?

A) Movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
B) Water moves through the capillary wall from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration
C) Higher pressure within the capillary pushes plasma and dissolved nutrients through the capillary wall
D) Albumin and other proteins in blood pull tissue fluid and cellular waste products into the cell

Question 5

Which blood vessels connect the two sides of the vascular system?

A) Arteries
B) Veins
C) Capillaries
D) Venules

Question 6

Which is the correct order of vessels in the arterial system,starting at the heart?

A) Elastic arteries,distributing arteries,resistance vessels,arterioles
B) Conducting arteries,muscular arteries,elastic arteries,arterioles
C) Distributing arteries,conducting arteries,elastic arteries,arterioles
D) Conducting arteries,distributing arteries,arterioles,capillaries

Question 7

Which is the correct order of vessels in the venous system,beginning with capillaries?

A) Large veins,medium-sized veins,venules
B) Venules,capacitance veins,muscular veins,large veins
C) Venules,medium-sized veins,large veins
D) Large veins,medium-sized veins,small veins,venules

Question 8

What would occur in the capillary bed if osmotic pressure in the venule end was equal to osmotic pressure in the tissues?

A) Oxygen would be replenished in the tissues.
B) Protein would escape from the blood into the surrounding tissue.
C) Waste products from the surrounding cells would enter the capillary.
D) Carbon dioxide and waste products would remain in the tissue fluid.

Question 9

Which arteries provide most of the brain's blood supply?

A) Right and left jugular arteries
B) Right and left common carotid arteries
C) Right and left subclavian arteries
D) Right and left vertebral arteries.

Question 10

Which blood vessel has the most significant role in controlling the amount of blood reaching the tissues?

A) Aorta
B) Arteriole
C) Venule
D) Distributing artery

Question 11

Capillary walls are composed of

A) two layers: the tunica media and the tunica intima.
B) a single layer of endothelium with basement membrane.
C) a single layer of connective tissue with endothelium.
D) three layers: a layer of endothelium,a layer of smooth muscle and elastic tissue,and a layer of connective tissue.

Question 12

Which blood vessels have the greatest ability to expand and recoil,and why is this important?

A) Medium-sized veins,because it helps them carry varying amounts of blood
B) Conducting arteries,so they can manage the surge of blood with systole and help propel blood during diastole
C) Arterioles,because they must constrict or dilate to control blood pressure
D) Capillaries,because they must supply more blood during stress or exercise

Question 13

Which process pushes plasma and dissolved nutrients through the arterial end of the capillary wall?

A) Colloidal pressure
B) Diffusion
C) Osmosis
D) Filtration

Question 14

Which are the three branches of the aortic arch?

A) Descending aorta,thoracic aorta,and left common carotid
B) Brachiocephalic artery,thoracic aorta,and ascending aorta
C) Left common carotid,brachiocephalic,and left subclavian arteries
D) Left common carotid,right common carotid,and coronary arteries

Question 15

How are capillaries organized?

A) Each arteriole narrows until it becomes a capillary,after which it increases in diameter to become a venule.
B) Capillaries are organized according to the needs of the tissue; some tissues have large capillary networks because they require rapid exchange of nutrients,chemicals,or gases,whereas other areas have no capillaries because arterioles supply sufficient amounts of blood.
C) Capillaries branch off of arterioles to form a bed,or network,of many capillaries.
D) Capillaries branch into sinusoids where the exchange of nutrients and gases takes place.

Question 16

The coronary arteries arise from which major artery?

A) Ascending aorta
B) Left subclavian artery
C) Common carotid artery
D) Brachiocephalic artery

Question 17

Why is it important for the tunica intima to be smooth?

A) To make stretching easier
B) To increase recoil power
C) To help prevent aneurysms
D) To help prevent blood clots

Question 18

Which area of the aorta supplies blood to the liver?

A) Descending aorta
B) Abdominal aorta
C) Aortic arch
D) Thoracic aorta

Question 19

A patient who cannot walk because of severe arthritis develops edema in both ankles.Based on your understanding of edema,capillary pressure,and mechanisms of capillary exchange,which action would help decrease the patient's edema?

A) Restrict fluid intake.
B) Elevate the patient's legs.
C) Provide a high-protein diet.
D) Increase fluid intake.

Question 20

Which best explains how the vascular system maintains blood pressure?

A) Arterioles dilate or constrict to provide the correct amount of resistance to blood flow.
B) Medium-sized veins constrict to help maintain blood pressure when blood pressure drops.
C) Distributing arteries carry blood evenly throughout the body to maintain a stable blood pressure.
D) Veins and arteries work together to maintain blood pressure at or near 110/70 mm Hg.

Question 21

What is a portal system of circulation?

A) Circulation of blood through arteries to capillaries to veins and then to the heart
B) An area of the venous system where blood slows to allow for nutrient absorption
C) Circulation of blood through two capillary beds before returning to the heart
D) Blood flow to and from the liver

Question 22

Which blood vessel(s)does blood enter after leaving the portal vein?

A) Sinusoids
B) Hepatic veins
C) Inferior vena cava
D) Superior mesenteric vein

Question 23

How does blood flow through the pulmonary circulation?

A) Right atrium,pulmonary trunk and right and left pulmonary arteries,lobar arteries,capillary beds,lobar veins,pulmonary vein,right ventricle
B) Right atrium,pulmonary arteries,lobar arteries,capillary beds,lobar veins,pulmonary vein,left ventricle
C) Right ventricle,pulmonary veins,lobar veins,capillary beds,lobar arteries,pulmonary artery,left atrium
D) Right ventricle,pulmonary arteries,lobar arteries,capillary beds,lobar veins,pulmonary vein,left atrium

Question 24

The most common site for routine assessment of heart rate is the

A) radial artery.
B) brachial artery.
C) carotid artery.
D) axillary artery.

Question 25

How is peripheral resistance related to blood pressure?

A) Blood pressure must rise until it overcomes peripheral resistance.
B) Peripheral resistance keeps the arteries healthy and toned,and therefore helps maintain normal blood pressure.
C) Increased peripheral resistance helps maintain normal pressures throughout the circulatory system.
D) As peripheral resistance increases,blood pressure decreases.

Question 26

What effect does reducing peripheral resistance have?

A) It decreases blood flow and increases blood pressure.
B) It increases cardiac output.
C) It increases blood flow and decreases blood pressure.
D) It decreases cardiac output and increases blood pressure.

Question 27

Which statement best explains why a person with a systolic blood pressure of 130 mm Hg might have a blood pressure of only 70 mm Hg in the arterioles.

A) The person has abnormally high arteriole blood pressure.
B) Blood is less viscous in the arterioles,and therefore requires less pressure to flow.
C) The narrower diameter of the arterioles causes the drop in pressure.
D) Pressure declines as the blood moves away from the heart.

Question 28

What causes the friction in blood vessels that affects blood pressure?

A) Cardiac output and heart rate
B) Blood viscosity and blood vessel diameter
C) Damaged,broken capillaries and varicose veins
D) Pressure gradients and blood flow

Question 29

The blood vessel that receives all blood returning from below the level of the heart is the

A) superior vena cava.
B) atrial vein.
C) inferior vena cava.
D) common iliac vein.

Question 30

How is it possible to have two separate circulatory systems (pulmonary and systemic)?

A) The pulmonary arteries and veins reverse their function at the heart so that the pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood and the pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood.
B) The heart is really two separate pumps; circulation to the lungs needs one pump,whereas circulation to the body needs a separate pump.
C) The two systems are separate to prevent mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood,which would cause the oxygen level to drop too low.
D) The two systems are not truly separate; circulation of a specific sample of blood to the lungs occurs only after it has traveled through the body.It is one continuous system.

Question 31

What is the function of the pulmonary circulation?

A) To bring deoxygenated blood to the alveoli for gas exchange
B) To bring deoxygenated blood to the heart for circulation to the lungs
C) To meet the metabolic needs of the pulmonary tissue
D) To meet both the metabolic needs of the pulmonary tissue and bring blood to the alveoli

Question 32

Which three factors determine blood pressure?

A) Vessel diameter,blood viscosity,cardiac output
B) Resistance,blood volume,cardiac output
C) Heart rate,stroke volume,blood volume
D) Vessel diameter,cardiac output,heart rate

Question 33

Which organs receive blood from the mesenteric arteries?

A) Liver,spleen,stomach
B) Intestines
C) Kidneys and bladder
D) Lungs

Question 34

Although cardiac contractions supply some of the power propelling blood through the vascular system,what other property of the circulatory system keeps blood circulating?

A) Arterial expansion and recoil
B) Pressure gradients
C) Valves in medium-sized veins
D) Skeletal muscle and respiratory pumps

Question 35

Which is the most significant factor affecting peripheral resistance?

A) Blood viscosity
B) Blood vessel length
C) Blood vessel diameter
D) Blood pH

Question 36

What is peripheral resistance?

A) Any property of the peripheral vascular system or blood that increases friction.
B) Forces outside the vascular system that interfere with circulation,such as edema,excess weight,constrictive clothing,or conditions that impair leg mobility.
C) Areas of the peripheral vascular system damaged because of age-related conditions such as stiffening of the arteries or plaque buildup that causes friction and hinders the blood flow.
D) Peripheral vasoconstriction caused by abnormal release of hormones such as angiotensin I and II,epinephrine,rennin,aldosterone,and others.

Question 37

Where in the cardiovascular system are the highest and the lowest pressures found?

A) Left ventricle (highest); right atrium (lowest)
B) Aorta (highest),capillaries (lowest)
C) Large arteries (highest),small veins (lowest)
D) Aorta (highest),venae cavae (lowest)

Question 38

Where is blood flow slowest,and what contributes to the diminished velocity?

A) Flow is slowest in the capillaries because of their larger cross-sectional area and narrow diameter.
B) Large veins have the slowest blood flow because they receive blood from several different medium-sized veins and they have valves that interfere with blood flow.
C) Arteriole blood flow is slowest because they are farthest from the heart and are the narrowest arteries.
D) Distributing arteries of the brain have the slowest flow of blood because they have a large cross-sectional area and many branches.

Question 39

The maximum pressure generated during ventricular contraction is called

A) diastolic pressure.
B) systolic pressure.
C) stroke volume pressure.
D) arteriole pressure.

Question 40

How does vasodilation decrease blood pressure?

A) It increases cardiac output,which means less pressure is required to maintain blood flow to tissues.
B) It increases venous return,which decreases the amount of pressure needed to return blood to the heart.
C) It decreases resistance,which means less pressure is required to overcome the resistance.
D) It slows blood velocity; less velocity requires less pressure.

Question 41

The ____________________ is the main vessel that receives blood from the head,shoulders,and arms.

Question 42

The two major pathways of circulation are the ____________________ system and ____________________ system.

Question 43

____________________ carry blood away from the heart,and ____________________ return blood to the heart.

Question 44

____________________ is the actual volume of blood passing through a blood vessel,organ,or other part of the circulatory system in a given period.

Question 45

The two principal veins of the legs are the ____________________ veins and the ____________________ veins.

Question 46

Arteries in the brain unite to form the ____________________,which helps ensure that the brain receives an adequate supply of blood.

Question 47

Which brain structure coordinates blood pressure control?

A) Medulla
B) Brainstem
C) Baroreceptors
D) Thalamus

Question 48

Arterial walls are ____________________ than venous walls because they are subjected to greater ____________________.

Question 49

The two arteries that supply blood to the brain are the ____________________ and ____________________ arteries.

Question 50

An increase in blood volume will cause blood pressure to ____________________.

Question 51

The greater the blood's ____________________,the more it resists free flow.

Question 52

What is the probable cause of ankle edema in a person with right-sided heart failure?

A) Reduced capillary reabsorption
B) Obstructed lymphatic drainage
C) Increased capillary filtration
D) Increased colloid osmotic pressure

Question 53

What mechanisms assist venous return?

A) One-way valves,increasing diameter of veins,peripheral resistance
B) Pressure changes during breathing,one-way valves,thickness of the tunica media in medium-sized veins
C) Skeletal muscle contractions,large-diameter lumen,thickness of the tunica media in medium-sized veins
D) One-way valves,skeletal muscle contractions,pressure changes during breathing