Deck 10: Nervous System

Question 1

Which statement about nerve impulse conduction in myelinated neurons is true?

A) Myelin facilitates the free movement of ions across the cell membrane.
B) The action potential occurs only at gaps in the myelin.
C) The electrical current leaps over the myelin sheath,jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next.
D) The electrical current passes through the myelin.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The central nervous system includes the

A) somatic motor system.
B) sympathetic division.
C) brain and spinal cord.
D) autonomic motor system.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

How many pairs of spinal nerves connect to the spinal cord?

A) 38
B) 31
C) 12
D) 28

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The division of the nervous system that carries signals from nerve endings to the central nervous system is the

A) sensory (afferent)division.
B) motor (efferent)division.
C) sympathetic division.
D) parasympathetic division.

Question 5

The part of the nervous system that carries signals from the skin,bones,joints,and muscles to the central nervous system is the

A) autonomic motor.
B) somatic motor.
C) visceral sensory.
D) somatic sensory.

Question 6

When you touch something hot,the type of neurons that send impulses allowing you to withdraw your hand are

A) afferent neurons.
B) efferent neurons.
C) interneurons.
D) neuroglia.

Question 7

A patient who is experiencing severe pain down the back of the leg most likely has an injury to a nerve in which plexus?

A) Cervical
B) Lumbar
C) Sacral
D) Brachial

Question 8

Gray matter primarily contains

A) neuron cell bodies.
B) myelinated fibers.
C) Schwann cells.
D) bundles of axons.

Question 9

To perform a lumbar puncture,physicians insert a hollow needle into the subarachnoid space between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae and remove a sample of cerebrospinal fluid.Why do you think they choose this location for the procedure?

A) Because the vertebrae are more flexible in this location and the patient can bend forward
B) Because the spinal cord ends at the first lumbar vertebra,minimizing the risk for damaging the spinal cord
C) Because the cauda equina is in this area
D) Because there are no spinal nerves in this area,minimizing the risk for nerve injury

Question 10

Descending spinal tracts carry

A) sensory signals up the spinal cord to the brain.
B) sensory signals down the spinal cord to the body.
C) motor impulses up the spinal cord to the brain.
D) motor impulses down the spinal cord to skeletal muscles.

Question 11

A patient is admitted to the hospital with paralysis on the right side of the body.Magnetic resonance imaging reveals that he has suffered a stroke on the left side of his brain.What is the most likely explanation for the location of his symptoms?

A) A stroke on the left side of the brain would affect corticospinal tracts responsible for movement.
B) A stroke on the left side of the brain would affect motor signals being sent to the right side of the body.
C) A stroke on the left side of the brain would affect the area responsible for movement.
D) There is no logical explanation because a stroke on the left side of the brain would affect movement on the left side of the body.

Question 12

White matter appears white because of

A) its lack of myelin.
B) its abundance of myelin.
C) a preponderance of neuron cell bodies.
D) the presence of the meninges.

Question 13

When an action potential reaches a synaptic knob and the membrane depolarizes,

A) ion channels open and calcium ions enter the cell.
B) ion channels open and calcium flows out of the cell.
C) neurotransmitter release is inhibited.
D) sodium channels open and the action potential continues.

Question 14

When a neuron's cell membrane is polarized and contains an abundance of sodium on the inside and an abundance of potassium on the outside,the cell is

A) in resting potential,waiting to react if a stimulus comes along.
B) in the process of depolarizing.
C) in the process of conducting an action potential down the axon.
D) unable to react to a new stimulus.

Question 15

The type of neuron that has one axon and multiple dendrites is a

A) bipolar neuron.
B) unipolar neuron.
C) multipolar neuron.
D) neuroglia.

Question 16

Neurons found in the CNS that connect incoming sensory pathways with outgoing motor pathways are called:

A) Sensory neurons
B) Motor neurons
C) Multipolar neurons
D) Interneurons

Question 17

Which statement about neurotransmitters is true?

A) The release of a neurotransmitter stimulates the infusion of calcium into the cell.
B) Neurotransmitters can bind to any receptor.
C) The type of neurotransmitter released determines whether an impulse continues or is stopped.
D) After an impulse is transmitted,the remaining neurotransmitter is consumed by phagocytes.

Question 18

What are the consequences if a nerve lacks a neurilemma?

A) Nerve conduction is slowed.
B) Nerve conduction is accelerated.
C) The nerve cannot regenerate if injured.
D) The nerve will atrophy and die.

Question 19

Nerves from which region of the spinal cord innervate the chest,head,neck,shoulders,arms,hands,and diaphragm?

A) Thoracic
B) Lumbar
C) Cervical
D) Sacral

Question 20

The blood-brain barrier primarily consists of which type of nerve cell?

A) Microglia
B) Schwann cell
C) Astrocyte
D) Oligodendrocyte

Question 21

Where do most parasympathetic ganglia reside?

A) In or near target organs
B) In chains within the spinal cord
C) In clusters within the brain
D) In chains along both sides of the spinal cord

Question 22

Which portion of the brain contains the midbrain,pons,and medulla oblongata?

A) Cerebrum
B) Diencephalon
C) Cerebellum
D) Brainstem

Question 23

What structural feature of the sympathetic nervous system allows it to cause the "fight-or-flight" response to be both immediate and widespread?

A) The fibers that extend to target organs are unmyelinated.
B) Sympathetic neurons begin in the spinal cord.
C) The fibers that lead to ganglia are myelinated.
D) Preganglionic neurons synapse with multiple postganglionic neurons.

Question 24

When stimulated,channels on a resting neuron's membrane open and ____________________ from outside the membrane rushes into the cell,giving the cell's interior a ____________________ charge.

Question 25

The area where an impulse transfers from one neuron to the next is called a ____________________.

Question 26

If the arachnoid villi were to become nonfunctional,what would be the result?

A) The ventricles of the brain would not have enough cerebrospinal fluid.
B) The ventricles of the brain would contain too much cerebrospinal fluid.
C) The cardiac center would be affected.
D) Auditory and visual reflexes would be affected.

Question 27

Which statement about the medulla oblongata is true?

A) It plays a role in balance and posture.
B) It aids in smooth,coordinated movements.
C) It evaluates sensory input such as touch and sound.
D) It aids in the regulation of breathing.

Question 28

Which nerve stimulates the diaphragm for breathing?

A) Femoral
B) Median
C) Sciatic
D) Phrenic

Question 29

Which statement about the autonomic nervous system is correct?

A) Autonomic pathways consist of a single nerve fiber leading from the spinal cord to the target organ.
B) Autonomic pathways operate under voluntary control.
C) Autonomic pathways innervate skeletal muscle.
D) Autonomic pathways secrete both acetylcholine and norepinephrine as neurotransmitters.

Question 30

Where do most sympathetic ganglia exist?

A) In or near target organs
B) In chains within the spinal cord
C) In clusters within the brain
D) In chains along both sides of the spinal cord

Question 31

A massive influx of sodium into a nerve cell causes ____________________.

Question 32

Which portion of the brain controls the autonomic nervous system?

A) Thalamus
B) Hypothalamus
C) Cerebellum
D) Cerebrum

Question 33

The neurons of the parasympathetic division arise from

A) the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord.
B) the cranial and sacral regions of the spinal cord.
C) the cranial and thoracic regions of the spinal cord.
D) the lumbar and sacral regions of the spinal cord.

Question 34

In the central nervous system,the myelin sheath is formed by ____________________.

Question 35

An injury to which part of the brain is most likely to impair reasoning and cause socially inappropriate behavior?

A) Frontal
B) Parietal
C) Temporal
D) Occipital

Question 36

A membrane that has an excess of positive ions on one side of the membrane and an excess of negative ions on the other side is said to be ____________________.

Question 37

The neurons of the sympathetic division arise from

A) the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord.
B) the cranial and sacral regions of the spinal cord.
C) the cranial and thoracic regions of the spinal cord.
D) the lumbar and sacral regions of the spinal cord.

Question 38

Someone who has experienced an injury to the hippocampus would most likely

A) lose the ability to form new memories.
B) have difficulty controlling emotion.
C) have difficulty staying awake.
D) lose the ability to identify familiar objects.

Question 39

In the peripheral nervous system,the myelin sheath is formed when ____________________ wrap themselves around the axon.

Question 40

A somatic reflex

A) is a quick,involuntary,and unpredictable response to a stimulus.
B) involves a neural circuit that bypasses regions of the brain where conscious decisions are made.
C) is governed by autonomic neurons.
D) involves the contraction of a smooth muscle in response to a stimulus.

Question 41

The brain contains four chambers called ____________________.

Question 42

Bundles of nerve fibers called tracts pass from one hemisphere of the brain to the other through a bridge called the ____________________.

Question 43

Fibers that secrete acetylcholine are called ____________________ fibers.

Question 44

A nerve consists of many ____________________ encased in connective tissue.

Question 45

It is the type of ____________________ that determines the effect produced by a neurotransmitter.

Question 46

Cell bodies of the dorsal neurons are clustered in a knotlike structure called a ____________________.

Question 47

Nerve fibers are gathered together in bundles called ____________________.

Question 48

An inhibitory neurotransmitter causes ____________________ channels to open and the impulse ____________________.

Question 49

Within the white matter of the spinal cord are bundles of axons called ____________________ that carry information to and from the brain.

Question 50

Fibers that secrete norepinephrine are called ____________________ fibers.

Question 51

Nerve impulses pass from one neuron to another at a synapse through the use of a ____________________.

Question 52

Sometimes called the "emotional brain," the ____________________ is the seat of emotion and learning.

Question 53

The cardiac,vasomotor,and respiratory centers are all located in the ____________________.

Question 54

Gray matter is found on the ____________________ of the brain,an area called the ____________________.