Deck 11: Sense Organs

Question 1

A patient comes to the hospital with a severe crush injury of the leg.He is complaining of severe pain.He also says he is feeling very nauseous and,after a few minutes,vomits.What is the best explanation for the nausea and vomiting?

A) Chemicals released from tissues in the injured foot flooded the digestive system,producing nausea and vomiting.
B) Nociceptors from the lower limbs travel along a similar pathway as chemical receptors from the digestive tract,causing the body to confuse the location of the stimulus.
C) Pain signals traveling along the spinoreticular tract carried signals to the hypothalamus and limbic system,triggering nausea as a response to pain.
D) The spinothalamic tract relayed a signal to the thalamus and postcentral gyrus,which reacted to the pain by producing nausea.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

When a stimulus is continuous and the firing frequency of a nerve begins to slow,the sensation diminishes.This is known as ____________________.

Answer 2

adaptation

Question 3

Drugs used to relieve pain are called ____________________.

Answer 3

analgesics

Question 4

Which of the following would cause the otoliths inside the vestibule to shift and stimulate the vestibular nerve?

A) Sudden head rotation
B) Bending forward at the waist
C) Loud noises
D) Ear wax in the external auditory canal

Question 5

Which two structures play a key role in the process of balance?

A) Cochlea and vestibule
B) Vestibule and malleus
C) Cochlea and semicircular canals
D) Vestibule and semicircular canals

Question 6

The curvature of the lens of the eye changes shape to allow the eye to focus on a near object; this is called

A) refraction.
B) accommodation.
C) convergence.
D) emmetropia.

Question 7

Which of the following is a structure of the middle ear?

A) Semicircular canal
B) Vestibule
C) Malleus
D) Cochlea

Question 8

Taste buds send gustatory impulses to the brain through which cranial nerves?

A) Facial,glossopharyngeal,or vagus
B) Olfactory,facial,or vagus
C) Facial only
D) Glossopharyngeal only

Question 9

Identify the proper path of the main pain pathway,beginning with the site of injury and ending at the point where the person becomes aware of pain.

A) Injured tissues stimulate nociceptors; the pain signal then travels to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord,the spinothalamic tract relays pain signal to thalamus; the thalamus relays the pain signal to the postcentral gyrus
B) Injured tissues stimulate nociceptors; the pain signal travels to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord; the spinoreticular tract relays the pain signal to the thalamus; the thalamus relays the pain signal to the postcentral gyrus
C) Injured tissues stimulate nociceptors; the pain signal travels to the spinoreticular tract; the spinoreticular tract relays the pain signal to the hypothalamus and limbic system
D) Injured tissues stimulate the dorsal horn of the spinal cord; the spinothalamic tract stimulates the spinoreticular tract; the spinoreticular tract stimulates the thalamus; the thalamus relays a signal to the limbic system

Question 10

A patient comes to the emergency department complaining of a dull,aching pain in his lower abdomen.He is experiencing pain carried on

A) fast pain fibers.
B) slow pain fibers.
C) nociceptors.
D) the spinoreticular tract.

Question 11

What would happen if the canal of Schlemm becomes obstructed?

A) The flow of aqueous humor from the posterior to the anterior cavity would cease,and pressure in the anterior cavity would drop.
B) The flow of aqueous humor out of the anterior chamber would cease,and pressure in the anterior chamber would rise.
C) The flow of aqueous humor out of the posterior chamber would cease,and pressure within the posterior chamber would drop.
D) The flow of aqueous humor into the anterior cavity would cease,and pressure in the anterior cavity would rise.

Question 12

What triggers the process of the sense of smell?

A) Odor molecules entering the nasal cavity bind to cilia projecting from the ends of olfactory receptor cells.
B) Chemicals in saliva trigger receptors for the olfactory nerve.
C) Odor molecules entering the nasal cavity excite the olfactory bulbs under the brain's frontal lobe.
D) Chemicals in saliva stimulate nerve fibers in the soft palate,which,in turn,synapse with neurons in the olfactory bulbs.

Question 13

Which statement about sensory receptors is true?

A) Each sensory receptor can respond to a variety of stimuli,such as cold,heat,or pain.
B) Sensory receptors are evenly distributed throughout the body.
C) The intensity of pain depends on the number of fibers stimulated.
D) The brain identifies the location of pain because each part of the body contains a different type of receptor.

Question 14

What is the center point of the retina as seen through an ophthalmoscope?

A) Fovea centralis
B) Macula lutea
C) Optic disc
D) Ciliary body

Question 15

Which of the following cranial nerves are involved when you "roll your eyes"?

A) Abducens
B) Trochlear,Oculomotor
C) Trochlear
D) Oculomotor,Abducens

Question 16

Where are the structures for hearing found?

A) Vestibule
B) Cochlea
C) Semicircular canals
D) Middle ear

Question 17

In the process of hearing,which action directly stimulates nerve impulses along the cochlear nerve?

A) The vibration of the stapes against the oval window
B) Sound waves striking the tympanic membrane
C) Ripples in the perilymph striking the round window
D) Ripples in the perilymph over the hairs of the organ of Corti

Question 18

Pain originating from a deep organ that is sensed as if it is originating from the body's surface is called ____________________ pain.

Question 19

Which eye structure(s)secretes a thin mucous film to help keep the eyeball moist?

A) Tarsal glands
B) Lacrimal puncta
C) Sclera
D) Conjunctiva

Question 20

Which part of the retina produces the sharpest vision and why?

A) The macula lutea produces the sharpest vision because it resides in the center of the retina.
B) The optic disc produces the sharpest vision because it concentrates the light.
C) The fovea centralis produces the sharpest vision because it is linked to the optic nerve.
D) The fovea centralis produces the sharpest vision because most of the cones are concentrated here.

Question 21

The process of moving the eyes so that the visual axis of each eye points toward an object and light rays fall on the corresponding spot on each retina is called ____________________.

Question 22

The process of bending light rays so they focus on the retina is called ____________________.

Question 23

Most taste buds are located in protrusions of the tongue called ____________________.

Question 24

The photoreceptor cells responsible for night vision are called ____________________.

Question 25

The structure that transmits sound waves from the outer to the middle ear is the ____________________.

Question 26

The sensations of pressure,touch,stretch,and temperature are known as ____________________ senses.

Question 27

Nerve fibers leave the eye at the ____________________,converging to form the ____________________ nerve.