Deck 15: Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Question 1

One limitation of psychotherapy in treating psychological disorders is that

A)success may require long-term treatment.
B)some psychological disorders involve apathy and clients with these disorders may not be interested in treatment.
C)it focuses mainly on past childhood experience, while ignoring recent problems.
D)it is more useful for treating anxiety disorders than it is for treating mood disorders.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Hayley is going to a therapist to reduce her snake phobia.If she sees a behavioral therapist, the therapist is most likely to use

A)cognitive restructuring.
B)exposure therapy.
C)social skills training.
D)rational-emotive therapy.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Renaldo is a young man who has been experiencing panic attacks and extreme social anxiety.Considering current trends in treatment for psychological disorders, you would expect that Renaldo will receive because .

A)two types of biological therapy; they produce better effects when given together
B)biological therapy and inpatient care; removal from the family increases the speed of recovery
C)both biological therapy and psychotherapy; drugs can have an immediate impact, whereas psychotherapy can produce long-lasting behavioral changes
D)two forms of psychotherapy; each type of psychotherapy can focus on a specific problem

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following is a limitation of psychodynamic therapy?

A)The empirical evidence supports its effectiveness for adults but not children.
B)It is helpful for treating personality disorders but not anxiety or mood disorders.
C)It is helpful for treating anxiety and mood disorders but not schizophrenia.
D)The empirical evidence supporting its effectiveness is weak.

Question 5

A mental health provider is determining treatment for two patients.Patient A has schizophrenia and is being referred to a psychiatrist.Patient B has a mild eating disorder and is being referred to a clinical psychologist.Patient A will likely receive treatment, and Patient B will likely receive treatment.

A)psychotherapy; biological therapy
B)cognitive therapy; biological therapy
C)biological therapy; cognitive therapy
D)biological therapy; psychotherapy

Question 6

In behavior therapy, an important aspect of treatment is , and this is called .

A)eliciting the undesirable behavior so it can be punished; classical conditioning
B)getting the patient to model the correct behavior; operant conditioning
C)reinforcing desired behaviors; behavior modification
D)getting the patient to recognize maladaptive behaviors; applied behavioral analysis

Question 7

Which of the following do contemporary psychodynamic therapists focus on with their clients?

A)the relationship between the client and their current spouse
B)cognitive distortions
C)social skills training
D)recurring themes and patterns in thoughts and feelings

Question 8

One limitation of biological therapies in treating psychological disorders is that

A)success may require long-term treatment.
B)all antipsychotic drugs are habit forming.
C)they are more expensive than psychotherapy.
D)they cannot be used with children.

Question 9

Dallas believes that he will never be successful or likable.His friends tell him that he is too hard on himself, yet his beliefs persist.Dallas would benefit most from because his beliefs about himself are both negative and inaccurate.

A)applied behavior analysis
B)psychoanalysis
C)cognitive restructuring
D)client-centered therapy

Question 10

In contrast to insight therapies, behavioral therapy

A)sees maladaptive behavior as the problem to be treated.
B)attempts to resolve the underlying conflict that causes the maladaptive behavior.
C)encourages patients to express their emotions about their maladaptive behaviors.
D)focuses on the thoughts that lead to maladaptive behavior.

Question 11

Ever since Raj was a child, his family has pushed him to become a doctor.This has always conflicted strongly with his own desire to pursue music and dance.As an adult, this conflict continues to cause severe distress as he relives these childhood experiences and has difficult interpersonal relationships within his family.Raj's problems might best be treated by therapy.

A)client-centered
B)group
C)psychodynamic
D)exposure

Question 12

Brendon believes that he is worthless and that he will never have satisfying relationships.Brendon's therapist questions these beliefs by saying, "I appreciate you and enjoy our interactions.What do you think of that?" After these conversations, Brendon starts to recognize his maladaptive thinking patterns.The therapist is using to help Brendon.

A)expressed emotion
B)reflective listening
C)cognitive restructuring
D)modeling

Question 13

Cece is seeing a behavioral therapist because she is very shy and awkward in interpersonal situations. To teach her appropriate ways to act in social situations, her therapist might use

A)exposure therapy.
B)social skills training.
C)interpersonal therapy.
D)cognitive restructuring.

Question 14

In therapy, Constanza explores how her role in the family affects how they treat her.She begins changing some of her interpersonal behaviors and now her parents treat her with more respect.Her therapist most likely takes a approach to therapy.

A)cognitive
B)cultural
C)systems
D)client-centered

Question 15

When Dr.Myelin evaluates people for a psychological disorder, she focuses on the abnormalities in their bodily processes and how they feel as a result.Dr.Myelin most likely follows a approach to treating psychological disorders.

A)psychotherapy
B)psychodynamic
C)biological therapies
D)cognitive and behavioral therapies

Question 16

In trying to reduce your fear of heights, your therapist asks you to relax on a couch while you imagine slowly climbing up the steps of a ladder.She is using therapy.

A)psychodynamic
B)rational-emotive
C)exposure
D)prolonged exposure

Question 17

If psychotherapy and biological therapy for a given mental disorder are found to be equally effective and only one therapy can be used,

A)psychotherapy should be used because it has no side effects.
B)psychotherapy should be used because it is easier to administer.
C)biological therapy should be used because it has longer-lasting effects.
D)biological therapy should be used because it is more cost-effective.

Question 18

Jeremy thinks he has generalized anxiety disorder.He does not have a lot of money, is in need of social support, and desires a structured therapy setting.Jeremy's best choice for therapy would be therapy.

A)psychodynamic
B)cognitive
C)client-centered
D)group

Question 19

A cognitive therapist would be most successful with which of the following clients?

A)Jan, a woman who believes that she is being followed by aliens
B)Jordan, a woman who falsely believes that she is president of the United States
C)Jouma, a narcissist who believes that others are worthless and that her needs are most important
D)Jamala, a woman who believes that she is worthless and unlovable

Question 20

Compared to the original approach to psychodynamic therapy, the most recent approach to psychodynamic therapy

A)lasts the same amount of time but focuses more on current relationships.
B)lasts the same amount of time but focuses on talking therapy.
C)takes less time and focuses more on current relationships.
D)takes less time but focuses more on early childhood experiences.

Question 21

In the 1930s, Egas Moniz developed as a biological treatment for severe psychological disorders.

A)psychosurgery
B)electroconvulsive therapy
C)transcranial magnetic stimulation
D)trepanning

Question 22

Antipsychotic medications would NOT be effective if they did NOT

A)block serotonin.
B)block dopamine.
C)enhance serotonin.
D)enhance dopamine.

Question 23

Arianna has panic disorder and has been prescribed an anti-anxiety drug.She will probably be prescribed a , which will activity.

A)benzodiazepine; increase serotonin
B)benzodiazepine; increase GABA
C)neuroleptic; decrease serotonin
D)neuroleptic; decrease GABA

Question 24

The use of declined starting in the 1950s with the development of for serious mental disorders.

A)medication; trepanning
B)electroconvulsive therapy; medication
C)medication; electroconvulsive therapy
D)prefrontal lobotomy; medication

Question 25

Jake is experiencing hallucinations and delusional thinking.His doctor will most likely prescribe a

A)neuroleptic.
B)benzodiazepine.
C)selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.
D)monoamine oxidase inhibitor.

Question 26

What do the alternative biological nondrug) treatments for psychological disorders primarily have in common?

A)They all overemphasize the role of free will in recovery.
B)They all involve surgical techniques.
C)They all attempt to directly alter brain functioning.
D)They all depend on behaviorist principles.

Question 27

Phoua is severely depressed, and both psychotherapy and antidepressant drugs have been ineffective in reducing her symptoms.Her doctor may recommend

A)institutionalization.
B)electroconvulsive therapy.
C)a prefrontal lobotomy.
D)trepanning.

Question 28

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors MAOIs) reduce depression symptoms by increasing the availability of by .

A)serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine; inhibiting an enzyme that breaks them down
B)only serotonin; inhibiting an enzyme that breaks serotonin down
C)serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine; inhibiting their reuptake
D)only serotonin; inhibiting serotonin reuptake

Question 29

Selin is receiving a biological treatment in which electrical stimulation is delivered through electrodes implanted in her brain.She is most likely receiving which kind of treatment?

A)electroconvulsive therapy
B)deep brain stimulation
C)single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation
D)repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation

Question 30

The fact that prehistoric people used to means that .

A)engage in trepanning; people have always attempted to treat mental disorders
B)perform prefrontal lobotomies; people have always punished those with mental disorders
C)perform ritualistic cleansing; people have always attempted to treat mental disorders
D)provide electroconvulsive therapy; people have always punished those with mental disorders

Question 31

Ramos has symptoms of panic disorder and has been prescribed Xanax, a benzodiazepine.Due to the medication, he is most likely to have side effects such as

A)facial tics.
B)sexual dysfunction.
C)drowsiness.
D)white blood cell deficiency.

Question 32

Prozac is an effective treatment for depression because it mainly increases the availability of by .

A)dopamine; inhibiting an enzyme that breaks dopamine down
B)dopamine; inhibiting dopamine reuptake
C)serotonin; inhibiting an enzyme that breaks serotonin down
D)serotonin; inhibiting serotonin reuptake

Question 33

Jen is taking medication for her depression, and she moved to India this year.When she sees an Indian doctor for a medication refill, she is likely to say that she is experiencing because .

A)depression; the symptoms of depression are similar around the world
B)depression; Indian culture is sympathetic to the problem of depression
C)strain and tension; being depressed carries a social stigma in India
D)strain and tension; Indian doctors do not see depression as a medical problem

Question 34

If you were given an antipsychotic, you would expect it to

A)influence your emotions but not your disordered thinking.
B)have minimal long-term side effects.
C)reduce the occurrence of delusions and hallucinations.
D)reduce negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

Question 35

The use of benzodiazepines to control anxiety disorders

A)is problematic because these drugs are addictive.
B)is ideal because these drugs have only minor side effects.
C)increases the presence of an excitatory neurotransmitter.
D)is only appropriate in inpatient settings.

Question 36

John is being treated with a biological therapy for a psychological disorder.His side effects include twitching muscles in his neck and face.John probably has and is being treated with .

A)depression; a monoamine oxidase inhibitor
B)depression; transcranial magnetic stimulation
C)schizophrenia; a traditional antipsychotic
D)schizophrenia; deep brain stimulation

Question 37

In some cultures, it is more acceptable to say a person is experiencing "strain and tension" than to say the person "is depressed." Accordingly, it is likely that these cultures probably have

A)increased awareness of mental health issues.
B)more people with serious psychological disorders.
C)better resources to deal with strain and tension within the community.
D)stigma attached to psychological disorders.

Question 38

Mindy is taking a psychotropic medication that increases the level of serotonin in her brain.She is likely taking an)

A)benzodiazepine.
B)antidepressant.
C)antipsychotic.
D)neuroleptic.

Question 39

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors work by

A)allowing serotonin to remain in the synapse.
B)facilitating the reuptake of serotonin into the presynaptic neuron.
C)blocking serotonin's effects on the postsynaptic receptors.
D)allowing serotonin to remain in the presynaptic neuron.

Question 40

To reduce symptoms of depression, you could use , which .

A)transcranial magnetic stimulation; uses a magnetic field to disrupt electrical current across the entire brain
B)transcranial magnetic stimulation; administers electrical current to the head to produce a seizure
C)electroconvulsive therapy; administers electrical current to the head to produce a seizure
D)electroconvulsive therapy; uses a magnetic field to induce an electrical current in a brain region

Question 41

Which of the following is a reason why using placebos in experiments that test the effectiveness of psychotherapy is more complicated than in experiments that test the effectiveness of drug therapies?

A)The therapists know if they are providing the treatment or control therapy.
B)The effectiveness of psychotherapy is less than that of drug therapy, so the difference is harder to measure accurately.
C)The placebo treatment often involves specific factors, which increase effectiveness.
D)There are serious ethical concerns about withholding psychotherapy from patients.

Question 42

Dr.Malaise is conducting a randomized clinical trial examining whether cognitive-behavioral therapy is effective for depression.In this study, the control group will most likely

A)receive a placebo.
B)have sessions with a therapist in which the therapist will simply talk with them.
C)not have any contact with a therapist.
D)receive cognitive-behavioral therapy from a therapist.

Question 43

An evidence-based approach to psychological treatment would lead one to favor for treating most psychological disorders.

A)cognitive-behavioral therapy
B)hypnosis
C)primal scream therapy
D)"scared straight" programs

Question 44

How does modern electroconvulsive therapy differ from traditional electroconvulsive therapy?

A)It is now known as deep brain stimulation.
B)It uses short bursts of electricity that are repeated across the brain.
C)It occurs under anesthesia and is combined with muscle relaxants.
D)It uses less electricity so it no longer induces seizures.

Question 45

Dr.Yep is conducting a randomized clinical trial examining whether Zeppo, a newly developed anxiolytic, is effective for reducing anxiety.In this study, the experimental group will be given

A)a placebo.
B)a different anxiolytic that has previously been established as effective.
C)the new drug, Zeppo.
D)the new drug, Zeppo, but they will be told that they are taking a placebo.

Question 46

A person you meet at a party has a degree in counseling psychology.Your best guess is that she

A)does talk therapy with clients who have psychological disorders.
B)works in a hospital with patients who have psychological disorders.
C)counsels people with adjustment and stress problems.
D)works with a psychiatrist to counsel patients who are on medication for psychological disorders.

Question 47

Counseling psychologists typically differ from clinical psychologists in that they

A)cannot prescribe drugs.
B)do not have a Ph.D.
C)are less likely to deal with the mentally ill.
D)work in hospital settings.

Question 48

was originally developed to treat Parkinson's disease but is also effective for treating .

A)Deep brain stimulation; depression only
B)Deep brain stimulation; both depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder
C)Transcranial magnetic stimulation; depression only
D)Transcranial magnetic stimulation; both depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 49

Which of the following accurately summarizes the research on brain activity and the placebo effect?

A)Placebo treatments, unlike active treatments, do not change brain activity.
B)Placebo and active treatments both change brain activity, but they change different brain regions.
C)Placebo and active treatments are associated with similar changes in brain activity.
D)Placebo effects are subjective, and thus cannot be investigated with brain imaging.

Question 50

David Barlow and other clinical research psychologists have argued that psychologists should

A)always use evidence-based treatments with their clients.
B)consider alternative treatments, even if there is little empirical evidence.
C)develop treatments in the "real" world rather than in psychological laboratories.
D)never base their treatment selection on underlying psychological theory.

Question 51

Rashid is undergoing repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation to help reduce the symptoms of a psychological disorder.It is likely that Rashid has been diagnosed with

A)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B)depression.
C)schizophrenia.
D)generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 52

Psychiatrists are unique among mental health professionals in that they

A)can establish a private practice.
B)have two separate advanced degrees in psychology.
C)use only a biological treatment approach.
D)have a degree in medicine.

Question 53

Your primary care physician refers you to a mental health professional so that you can be prescribed medication to alleviate your severe panic attacks.This professional is most likely a

A)counseling psychologist.
B)psychiatrist.
C)social worker.
D)clinical psychologist.

Question 54

In order to correct her disruptive behavior, a young girl received therapy, which led to suffocation and caused her death.

A)primal scream
B)birth simulation
C)flooding
D)hypnosis

Question 55

You just started college and are having a difficult time transitioning from your life at home to your new life away at school.If you want to reduce this stress, you may seek out a

A)clinical psychologist.
B)psychiatrist.
C)counseling psychologist.
D)psychiatric social worker.

Question 56

In order to test whether a particular psychological treatment is effective, you would have to include

A)an experimental group that receives the treatment and a control group that receives a placebo.
B)an experimental group that receives a placebo and a control group that receives the treatment.
C)two experimental groups, each receiving a different psychological treatment.
D)an experimental group that receives the treatment and whose results are compared to the general population.

Question 57

Talisa is a college student and is seeking mental health services on her campus.She will most likely be seen by an)

A)school psychiatrist.
B)educational psychologist.
C)counseling psychologist.
D)psychiatric social worker.

Question 58

John has been hearing voices and believes that people are "after him." John needs medication to control his delusions and hallucinations.Which kind of mental health professional should John find?

A)a counseling psychologist
B)a psychiatrist
C)a general practitioner
D)a psychological social worker

Question 59

In most states, only people with a medical degree are allowed to

A)have a private practice.
B)conduct research.
C)prescribe medication.
D)work in a hospital.

Question 60

Your therapist has a Ph.D.and is helping you with a substance abuse problem.Your therapist is most likely a

A)paraprofessional.
B)psychiatrist.
C)psychiatric social worker.
D)clinical psychologist.

Question 61

One of the most effective treatments for panic disorder is because it helps .

A)cognitive therapy; correct their overestimation of the probability of danger
B)cognitive therapy; challenge their sense of low self-control
C)anxiolytics; reduce the physiological symptoms so they can think rationally
D)anxiolytics; reduce the physiological symptoms by shifting patterns of brain activation

Question 62

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors SSRIs) and cognitive-behavioral therapy have both been found to be effective in treating social phobias.Why should cognitive-behavioral therapy be preferred to SSRIs?

A)Cognitive-behavioral therapy is more cost-effective.
B)Cognitive-behavioral therapy is associated with a higher rate of relapse.
C)SSRIs have some disagreeable side effects, such as increased anxiety symptoms.
D)SSRIs have some disagreeable side effects, such as sexual dysfunction.

Question 63

Karine completed a behavioral treatment for her spider phobia.From what you know about behavioral treatment for phobias, which was the most effective part of the treatment?

A)creating a fear hierarchy
B)undergoing relaxation training
C)being exposed to the feared object
D)experiencing hyperventilation

Question 64

Which of the following best describes the results research comparing cognitive-behavioral therapy and the use of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor SSRI) clomipramine for treating obsessive-compulsive disorder?

A)Cognitive-behavioral therapy was more effective than the SSRI.
B)The SSRI was more effective than cognitive-behavioral therapy.
C)Both therapies were equally effective.
D)The SSRI was more effective in the short term, but cognitive-behavioral therapy was more effective in the long term.

Question 65

Fear hierarchies are used in

A)systematic desensitization.
B)rational-emotive therapy.
C)cognitive therapy.
D)client-centered therapy.

Question 66

Across a number of anxiety disorders, drug therapy

A)is effective and is considered the treatment of choice.
B)works well in the short term, but can result in relapse when the drug is discontinued.
C)is associated with more side effects than when used to treat other disorders.
D)is generally ineffective at reducing symptoms.

Question 67

Which of the following best describes the short-term results of Barlow's study comparing cognitive-behavioral therapy and an antidepressant for treating panic disorder?

A)Both showed equal positive effects.
B)The drug was more effective.
C)Cognitive-behavioral therapy was more effective.
D)Neither treatment showed short-term effectiveness.

Question 68

When an anxiolytic is used to treat generalized anxiety disorder,

A)the brain is permanently rewired to reduce the anxiety.
B)the client fares better in the long term than with other treatments.
C)the anxiety is alleviated for a short period of time.
D)the side effects are worse than the anxiety itself.

Question 69

Virtual environments or virtual realities are useful in treating

A)schizophrenia.
B)specific phobias.
C)generalized anxiety disorder.
D)depression.

Question 70

Dr.Prajna treats patients with anxiety disorders.She uses an evidence-based approach to guide her therapeutic techniques and medication choices.Accordingly, she is most likely to use to treat her patient's anxiety disorders.

A)anti-anxiety medications
B)antidepressants
C)cognitive-behavioral therapy
D)client-centered therapy

Question 71

Which of the following best describes the long-term results of Barlow's study comparing cognitive-behavioral therapy and an antidepressant for treating panic disorder?

A)Both showed equal positive effects.
B)The drug was more effective.
C)Cognitive-behavioral therapy was more effective.
D)Neither treatment showed long-term effectiveness.

Question 72

A friend of yours is having serious mental health problems, and you recommend that he see a therapist.What factor is the LEAST important to consider when making a recommendation?

A)the type of therapy that the therapist uses
B)the therapist's qualifications to treat that disorder
C)whether the therapist can prescribe drugs
D)the therapist's degree and title

Question 73

You are looking for a therapist to help reduce your obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms.If you want to make sure the therapy is most effective, which two behavioral components should your therapist use?

A)exposure and response prevention
B)exposure and systematic desensitization
C)systematic desensitization and response prevention
D)flooding and creating a fear hierarchy

Question 74

Dr.Arjuna specializes in anxiety disorders.He wants to find a treatment or combination of treatments that will be most effective in the long term with the fewest side effects.Dr.Arjuna should use

A)cognitive-behavioral therapy only.
B)cognitive-behavioral therapy and a tricyclic antidepressant.
C)an anxiolytic and an antidepressant.
D)an anxiolytic only.

Question 75

A friend reports that he is constructing a fear hierarchy regarding his fear of heights for use in his next therapy session.He is likely suffering from

A)generalized anxiety disorder.
B)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C)depression.
D)a specific phobia.

Question 76

Psychiatric nurses

A)can work in residential treatment programs.
B)can provide psychotherapy.
C)must have a graduate degree.
D)assist psychiatrists in treating patients.

Question 77

Your doctor prescribes an anxiolytic to help reduce your obsessive-compulsive disorder OCD) symptoms.Given the research on anxiolytics and OCD, what should you expect?

A)The drug will reduce your obsessive thoughts, but not your compulsive behaviors.
B)The drug will reduce your compulsive behaviors, but not your obsessive thoughts.
C)The drug will reduce both obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors.
D)The drug will not reduce your obsessive thoughts or compulsive behaviors.

Question 78

The study that compared the effects of drug treatment clomipramine) and psychotherapy exposure and response prevention) in obsessive-compulsive disorder found that

A)exposure and response prevention were more effective.
B)the drug was more effective.
C)neither form of treatment worked better than the placebo.
D)both forms of treatment had similar positive effects.

Question 79

Which of the following drugs is most effective in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder?

A)anti-anxiety medications
B)selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
C)neuroleptics
D)monoamine oxidase inhibitors

Question 80

For most anxiety disorders, evidence supports as the most effective treatment.

A)the use of antianxiety medication
B)client-centered therapy
C)client-centered therapy combined with anti-anxiety medication
D)cognitive-behavioral therapy