Deck 16: Indoctrination and Inoculation

Question 1

Factor analysis is a statistical procedure that can be used to
•derive IQ scores by comparing mental age with chronological age.
•extract test norms from a standardization sample.
•identify clusters of closely related test items.
•provide a quantitative estimate of heritability.

Answer 1

•identify clusters of closely related test items

Question 2

Who would have been most enthusiastic about the value of a single intelligence test score as an index of an individual's mental capacities?
•Skinner
•Spearman
•Gardner
•Sternberg

Answer 2

•Spearman

Question 3

The most creative scientists are those who
•investigate issues about which they have very little previous knowledge.
•are intrinsically motivated to solve problems.
•have little tolerance for ambiguity.
•demonstrate low levels of practical intelligence.

Answer 3

•are intrinsically motivated to solve problems

Question 4

Intrinsic motivation is thought to be an important component of
•creativity.
•predictive validity.
•savant syndrome.
•the g factor.

Question 5

When Professor McGuire asks her students to answer questions in class,she can quickly tell from their facial expressions whether they are happy to participate. Professor McGuire's perceptual skill best illustrates
•analytical intelligence.
•divergent thinking.
•emotional intelligence.
•factor analysis.

Question 6

Howard Gardner is most likely to agree that the concept of intelligence includes
•minimizing one's negative emotions.
•spatially analyzing visual input.
•experiencing positive self-esteem.
•behaving morally.

Question 7

Howard Gardner identified a total of ________ intelligences.
•three
•five
•eight
•twelve

Question 8

The ability to produce novel and valuable ideas is called
•convergent thinking.
•savant syndrome.
•factor analysis.
•creativity.

Question 9

Those who define intelligence as academic aptitude are most likely to criticize
•Spearman's concept of general intelligence.
•Binet's concept of mental age.
•Gardner's concept of multiple intelligences.
•Sternberg's concept of analytical intelligence.

Question 10

Experts would most likely agree that intelligence is a(n)
•inborn ability to perform well on standard intelligence tests.
•mental ability to learn from experience.
•general trait that underlies success on nearly any task.
•multiple array of completely independent adaptive traits.

Question 11

The characteristics of savant syndrome most directly suggest that intelligence is
•a diverse set of distinct abilities.
•largely unpredictable and unmeasurable.
•a culturally constructed concept.
•dependent upon the speed of cognitive processing.

Question 12

In 8 to 10 seconds,memory whiz Kim Peek could read and remember the contents of a book page. Yet,he had little capacity for understanding abstract concepts. Kim's mental capacities best illustrate
•autism.
•Down syndrome.
•emotional intelligence.
•savant syndrome.

Question 13

To assess whether intelligence is a single trait or a collection of several distinct abilities,psychologists have made extensive use of
•the normal curve.
•the Flynn effect.
•standardization.
•factor analysis.

Question 14

Spearman's g factor refers to
•the genetic contribution to intelligence.
•a general intelligence that underlies successful performance on a wide variety of tasks.
•a highly developed skill or talent possessed by an otherwise mentally retarded person.
•the ability to understand and regulate emotions.

Question 15

Generating multiple possible answers to a problem illustrates
•the Flynn effect.
•divergent thinking.
•predictive validity.
•factor analysis.

Question 16

Robert Sternberg distinguished among analytical,practical,and ________ intelligence.
•intrapersonal
•creative
•spatial
•musical

Question 17

Twenty-five-year-old Alexandra is mentally handicapped and can neither read nor write. However,after hearing lengthy,unfamiliar,and complex musical selections just once,she can reproduce them precisely on the piano. It is likely that Alexandra is
•gifted with a superior level of Spearman's g factor.
•demonstrating a high level of emotional intelligence.
•above average in her capacity for divergent thinking.
•someone with savant syndrome.

Question 18

The ability to delay immediate pleasures in pursuit of long-range rewards is most clearly a characteristic of
•emotional intelligence.
•heritability.
•savant syndrome.
•divergent thinking.

Question 19

Compared with traditional college entrance exams,assessments that include tests of Sternberg's three intelligences reveal ________ ethnic-group differences in intelligence and ________ accurate prediction of American students' first-year grades.
•increased; less
•reduced; less
•increased; more
•reduced; more

Question 20

Which of the following persons best illustrates Sternberg's concept of practical intelligence?
•Jamal,a student who quickly recognizes the correct answers to multiple-choice test questions
•Gareth,a graduate student who generates many creative ideas
•Shelley,a newspaper reporter who has established a large network of information sources
•Cindy,a young mother who prefers cleaning her house to supervising her children

Question 21

If a test is standardized,this means that
•it accurately measures what it is intended to measure.
•a person's test performance can be compared with that of a representative pretested group.
•most test scores will cluster near the average.
•the test will yield consistent results when administered on different occasions.

Question 22

Object assembly,picture arrangement,and block design are three performance subtests of the
•WAIS.
•SAT Reasoning Test.
•Stanford-Binet.
•Emotional Intelligence Test.

Question 23

To determine whether a child's intellectual development was fast or slow,Binet and Simon assessed the child's
•divergent thinking.
•emotional intelligence.
•mental age.
•intrinsic motivation.

Question 24

Five-year-old Wilbur performs on an intelligence test at a level characteristic of an average 4-year-old. Wilbur's mental age is
•4.
•4.5.
•5.
•80.

Question 25

Binet and Simon designed a test of intellectual abilities in order to
•provide a quantitative estimate of inherited intellectual potential.
•distinguish between academic and practical intelligence.
•identify children likely to have difficulty learning in regular school classes.
•assess general capacity for goal-directed adaptive behavior.

Question 26

If a test yields consistent results every time it is used,it has a high degree of
•standardization.
•predictive validity.
•reliability.
•content validity.

Question 27

Binet and Terman would have been most likely to disagree about the
•extent to which intelligence is determined by heredity.
•need to standardize intelligence tests.
•possibility of predicting people's academic success from intelligence test scores.
•definition of mental age.

Question 28

For the original version of the Stanford-Binet,IQ was defined as
•mental age multiplied by 100.
•chronological age subtracted from mental age and multiplied by 100.
•chronological age divided by mental age and multiplied by 100.
•mental age divided by chronological age and multiplied by 100.

Question 29

To assess mental age,Binet and Simon measured children's
•head size.
•reasoning skills.
•muscular power.
•emotional intelligence.

Question 30

About ________ percent of WAIS scores fall between 85 and 115.
•30
•50
•68
•96

Question 31

Although Nicole scored well above average on an academic aptitude test,she frequently loses her temper and needlessly antagonizes even her best friends. Her behavior best illustrates a low level of
•convergent thinking.
•the g factor.
•mental age.
•emotional intelligence.

Question 32

Five-year-old Benjy has an IQ of 120 on the original version of the Stanford-Binet. His mental age is
•4.
•6.
•8.
•9.

Question 33

The WAIS consists of separate ________ subtests.
•intelligence and creativity
•content validity and predictive validity
•convergent and divergent thinking
•verbal and performance

Question 34

The distribution of intelligence test scores in the general population forms a bell-shaped pattern. This pattern is called a
•standardization sample.
•reliability coefficient.
•factor analysis.
•normal curve.

Question 35

A 12-year-old who responded to the original Stanford-Binet with the proficiency typical of an average 9-year-old was said to have an IQ of
•75.
•85.
•115.
•133.

Question 36

When Brandon was told that he correctly answered 80 percent of the items on a math achievement test,he asked how his performance compared with that of the average test-taker. Brandon's concern was directly related to the issue of
•standardization.
•predictive validity.
•reliability.
•content validity.

Question 37

Psychologists use ________ to assess individuals' mental aptitudes and compare them with those of others.
•heritability
•reliability coefficients
•intelligence tests
•the g factor

Question 38

The concept of emotional intelligence is most likely to be criticized for
•lacking definitional clarity.
•being indistinguishable from analytical intelligence.
•being difficult to measure reliably.
•extending the definition of intelligence to an overly broad range of skills.

Question 39

The normal curve would represent the distribution of
•the American population in terms of gender.
•American schoolchildren in terms of their ages.
•American women in terms of their physical heights.
•all of these groups.

Question 40

Melinda completed the Computer Programming Aptitude Test when she applied for a position with Beta Electronics. Six months later,she took the same test when she applied for a position with another company. The fact that her scores were almost identical on the two occasions suggests that the test has a high degree of
•content validity.
•reliability.
•predictive validity.
•standardization.

Question 41

Your psychology professor has announced that the next test will assess your understanding of sensation and perception. When you receive the test,however,you find that very few questions actually relate to these topics. In this instance,you would be most concerned about the ________ of the test.
•reliability
•factor analysis
•standardization
•content validity

Question 42

Which of the following observations provides the best evidence that intelligence test scores are influenced by heredity?
•Japanese children have higher average intelligence scores than do American children.
•Fraternal twins are more similar in their intelligence scores than are ordinary siblings.
•The intelligence scores of children are positively correlated with the intelligence scores of their parents.
•Identical twins reared separately are more similar in their intelligence scores than fraternal twins reared together.

Question 43

Individuals with Down syndrome
•are unlikely to show obvious signs of intellectual disability.
•experience intellectual disability due to neglect during infancy.
•experience intellectual disability except for one specific ability in which they excel.
•are born with an extra chromosome.

Question 44

Terman's studies of 1500 California children with IQ scores over 135 indicated that these high-scoring children
•were well-adjusted.
•were physically unhealthy.
•lacked creativity.
•received lower-than-average math grades.

Question 45

The similarity between the intelligence test scores of identical twins raised apart is
•less than that between children and their biological parents.
•equal to that between identical twins reared together.
•equal to that between fraternal twins reared together.
•greater than that between ordinary siblings reared together.

Question 46

Mr. and Mrs. Linkletter are parents of a child with an intellectual disability. It is MOST likely that their child
•is a female rather than a male.
•is unusually creative.
•was born with an extra chromosome.
•will have difficulty adapting to the normal demands of independent adult life.

Question 47

A measure of intelligence based on head size is likely to have a ________ level of reliability and a ________ level of validity.
•low; low
•low; high
•high; low
•high; high

Question 48

Over the past 50 or so years,children who have an intellectual disability have increasingly been likely to
•have difficulty adapting to the normal demands of independent living.
•be diagnosed as having a chromosomal abnormality.
•demonstrate symptoms of savant syndrome.
•be mainstreamed into regular school classrooms.

Question 49

Today's researchers have identified many different chromosomal regions important to intelligence. This indicates that intelligence is
•one general ability.
•intrinsically motivated.
•polygenetic.
•divergent thinking.

Question 50

A test that measures or predicts what it is supposed to is said to have a high degree of
•validity.
•standardization.
•reliability.
•the g factor.

Question 51

Psychologists would calculate the relationship between intelligence test scores and school grades in order to assess the ________ of the intelligence test.
•reliability
•standardization
•normal distribution
•predictive validity

Question 52

If a road test for a driver's license adequately samples the tasks a driver routinely faces,the test is said to have
•reliability.
•a normal distribution.
•content validity.
•intrinsic motivation.

Question 53

Academic aptitude test scores are MOST likely to predict accurately the academic success of ________ students.
•elementary school
•high school
•college
•graduate school

Question 54

An intelligence test score of 70 or below and difficulty adapting to the normal demands of life is most clearly an indication of
•savant syndrome.
•the Flynn effect.
•Down syndrome.
•intellectual disability.

Question 55

The widespread improvement in intelligence test performance during the past century is called
•the bell curve.
•divergent thinking.
•the g factor.
•the Flynn effect.

Question 56

The percentage of people diagnosed with an intellectual disability has ________ over the past 80 years because intelligence tests have been ________.
•increased; factor analyzed
•decreased; factor analyzed
•increased; restandardized
•decreased; restandardized

Question 57

If a test assesses a representative sample of the behavior it is intended to assess,the test is said to have
•reliability.
•heritability.
•content validity.
•a normal distribution.

Question 58

Sasha demonstrates a mild level of intellectual disability. She has achieved the equivalent of a fifth-grade education and will soon begin vocational training so that she can earn a living. Sasha's intelligence score is most likely between
•5 and 19.
•20 and 34.
•35 and 49.
•50 and 70.

Question 59

It would be reasonable to suggest that the Flynn effect is due in part to
•the deteriorating quality of parental involvement in children's education.
•increasingly improved childhood education and nutrition.
•the decreasing reliance on a single test score as an index of mental aptitudes.
•the failure to restandardize existing intelligence tests.

Question 60

Researchers assess the correlation between scores obtained on two halves of a single test in order to measure the ________ of a test.
•validity
•reliability
•standardization
•normal distribution

Question 61

Research indicates that Head Start programs
•contribute to dramatic and enduring gains in the participants' intelligence test scores.
•yield the greatest benefits for participants coming from intellectually stimulating home environments.
•reduce the likelihood that participants will repeat grades or require special education.
•achieve all of these results.

Question 62

On average,the intelligence test scores of the Dingbats are much higher than those of the Dodos. The difference in the average test scores of the two groups might be a product of
•genetic differences between two groups with similar environments.
•environmental differences between two groups with similar genetics.
•genetic and environmental differences between the two groups.
•any of these things.

Question 63

Males are most likely to outnumber females in a class designed for high school students highly gifted in
•reading.
•speech.
•math problem solving.
•a foreign language.

Question 64

Exposure to high levels of male sex hormones during prenatal development is most likely to facilitate the subsequent development of
•savant syndrome.
•spatial abilities.
•verbal fluency.
•emotional intelligence.

Question 65

The intelligence test scores of adopted children are LEAST likely to be positively correlated with the scores of their adoptive siblings during
•middle childhood.
•early adolescence.
•middle adolescence.
•early adulthood.

Question 66

Disproportionately more Whites than Blacks would be admitted into American colleges if performance scores on ________ were the only basis for college admissions.
•the Stanford-Binet
•the WAIS
•the SAT Reasoning Test
•all of these tests

Question 67

Babies in an Iranian orphanage suffered delayed intellectual development due to
•critical periods.
•telegraphic speech.
•a deprived environment.
•savant syndrome.

Question 68

The heritability of intelligence refers to
•the extent to which an individual's intelligence is attributable to genetic factors.
•the percentage of variation in intelligence within a group that is attributable to genetic factors.
•the extent to which a group's intelligence is attributable to genetic factors.
•a general underlying intelligence factor that is measured by every task on an intelligence test.

Question 69

Children are likely to focus on learning and growing rather than on proving and defending their identity if they believe that intelligence is
•changeable.
•polygenetic.
•an indication of one's mental age.
•distributed in a bell-shaped pattern.

Question 70

The heritability of intelligence is lowest among genetically
•similar individuals who have been raised in similar environments.
•dissimilar individuals who have been raised in similar environments.
•similar individuals who have been raised in dissimilar environments.
•dissimilar individuals who have been raised in dissimilar environments.

Question 71

Girls are most likely to outperform boys in a
•grammar test.
•mathematical reasoning test.
•computer programming contest.
•chess tournament.

Question 72

Research on differences in intelligence indicates that
•desegregation has actually decreased the academic achievement of Black American children.
•among American Blacks,those with the most African ancestry receive the highest intelligence test scores.
•the Black-White difference in intelligence test scores has increased in recent years.
•racial groups differ in their average intelligence test scores.

Question 73

Sweden and Iceland exhibit little of the gender gap in mathematical abilities found in Turkey and Korea. This best illustrates that mental abilities are
•polygenetic.
•extrinsic motivators.
•socially influenced.
•distributed in a bell-shaped pattern.

Question 74

The importance of environmental influences on intelligence is provided by evidence that
•general intelligence scores predict performance on a variety of complex tasks.
•the intellectual development of neglected children in impoverished environments is often retarded.
•identical twins reared together have more similar intelligence scores than fraternal twins reared together.
•mental similarities between adopted children and their adoptive families increase with age.

Question 75

Research suggests that women are more skilled than men at
•avoiding emotional uncertainty.
•preventing emotions from distorting reasoning.
•interpreting others' facial expressions of emotion.
•delaying emotional gratification in pursuit of long-term goals.

Question 76

Mr. and Mrs. Goldberg can best predict their newborn daughter's future intellectual aptitude by
•carefully assessing the infant's sensory and reflexive responses.
•observing their daughter's general level of emotional reactivity.
•obtaining information about their own levels of intelligence.
•monitoring the age at which their child first walks and talks.

Question 77

With increasing age,adopted children's intelligence test scores become ________ positively correlated with their adoptive parents' scores and ________ positively correlated with their biological parent's scores.
•more; more
•less; less
•more; less
•less; more

Question 78

Males' reading ability scores vary ________ than females' scores and males' math test performance scores vary ________ than females' scores.
•less; more
•more; less
•less; less
•more; more

Question 79

The intelligence test scores of today's better-fed population ________ the scores of the 1930s population.
•are higher than
•are lower than
•are equal to
•can't be compared with

Question 80

Boys are most likely to outperform girls in a
•chess tournament.
•speed-reading tournament.
•spelling bee.
•speech-giving contest.