Deck 5: Narcissism and the Limits of Self-Esteem

Question 1

Helping people gain insight into the unconscious origins of their disorder is a central aim of
•cognitive therapies.
•systematic desensitization.
•light exposure therapy.
•psychoanalysis.

Answer 1

•psychoanalysis

Question 2

Which form of therapy is most likely to be criticized for offering interpretations that cannot be proven or disproven?
•client-centered therapy
•psychoanalysis
•cognitive-behavioral therapy
•systematic desensitization

Answer 2

•psychoanalysis

Question 3

Who would be most likely to anticipate that patients are often motivated to resist specific therapeutic instructions?
•a humanistic therapist
•a psychoanalyst
•a behavior therapist
•a cognitive therapist

Answer 3

•a psychoanalyst

Question 4

Mr. Choi's therapist wants to help him become aware of his conflicting childhood feelings of love and hate for his parents. The therapist's goal best reflects a primary aim of
•client-centered therapy.
•cognitive therapy.
•psychoanalysis.
•systematic desensitization.

Question 5

According to psychoanalysts,resistance refers to the
•expression toward a therapist of feelings linked with earlier relationships.
•blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material.
•replacement of a genuine concern for others with self-centeredness.
•conversion of psychological conflicts into physical and behavioral disorders.

Question 6

Which of the following therapists would most likely try to understand an adult's psychological disorder by exploring that person's childhood experiences?
•a psychoanalyst
•a behavior therapist
•a humanistic therapist
•a cognitive therapist

Question 7

The first psychological therapy was introduced by
•Joseph Wolpe.
•Sigmund Freud.
•Aaron Beck.
•Carl Rogers.

Question 8

Mental health therapies that involve prescribed drugs or other procedures that act directly on a patient's nervous system are
•cognitive therapies.
•behavior therapies.
•biomedical therapies.
•psychodynamic therapies.

Question 9

Therapists who seek to combine intervention strategies into a single coherent treatment system best illustrate
•biomedical therapy.
•psychotherapy integration.
•client-centered therapy.
•behavior modification.

Question 10

When Molly told her therapist about her frightening car accident,the therapist instructed her to close her eyes and verbalize any further thoughts stimulated by this experience,even if they were scary or embarrassing. The therapist was making use of a technique known as
•active listening.
•transference.
•systematic desensitization.
•free association.

Question 11

Psychoanalysts would be most likely to discourage patients from
•experiencing strong positive or negative feelings for their therapist.
•discontinuing psychotherapy whenever they felt it was no longer necessary.
•talking about anxiety-arousing material during therapy.
•taking antianxiety drugs during the course of psychotherapy.

Question 12

During psychotherapy,Leon would begin to stutter whenever he began discussing personally sensitive thoughts. Sigmund Freud would have been likely to interpret this stuttering as
•neurogenesis.
•tardive dyskinesia.
•a placebo effect.
•resistance.

Question 13

Transference refers to a client's
•conversion of psychological conflicts into physical and behavioral disorders.
•expression toward a therapist of feelings linked with earlier life relationships.
•replacement of self-centeredness with a genuine concern for others.
•repression of conflicting thoughts that would otherwise cause anxiety.

Question 14

Lynn has begun to buy small gifts for her therapist,and she feels extremely jealous of the time he spends with his other patients. To a psychoanalyst,this is most indicative of
•unconditional positive regard.
•the placebo effect.
•transference.
•free association.

Question 15

A therapist who takes an eclectic approach is one who
•prescribes the use of drugs as part of psychotherapy.
•emphasizes that active listening is the major technique in all effective therapies.
•prefers to engage in therapy in a group setting.
•uses a variety of psychological theories and therapeutic approaches.

Question 16

Psychoanalysts are most likely to view patient transference as
•a symptom of depression.
•a sign of healthy personality development.
•a helpful aid to the process of therapy.
•evidence that no further therapy is needed.

Question 17

A central therapeutic technique of psychoanalysis is
•stress inoculation training.
•systematic desensitization.
•active listening.
•free association.

Question 18

Dr. Byrne is a clinical psychologist who often uses operant conditioning techniques to treat her clients. She also encourages them to modify their thought patterns,and on occasion she interprets their transference behaviors. Dr. Byrne's therapeutic approach would best be described as
•biomedical.
•psychoanalytic.
•behavioral.
•eclectic.

Question 19

Psychological disorders that researchers believe are learned,such as phobias,are most likely to be treated with
•light exposure therapy.
•psychotherapy.
•aversive conditioning.
•psychoanalysis.

Question 20

Classical psychoanalysts were especially interested in
•encouraging clients to carefully observe the consequences of their maladaptive behaviors.
•minimizing the possibility that clients would experience anxiety during therapy.
•discouraging clients from using antianxiety or antidepressant drugs.
•interpreting the meaning of clients' resistance to therapeutic procedures.

Question 21

Psychodynamic therapy is ________ than traditional psychoanalysis.
•less effective
•briefer
•more expensive
•less commonly used

Question 22

Empathic understanding of the patient's subjective experiences is a major goal of a
•psychoanalyst.
•biomedical therapist.
•client-centered therapist.
•behavior therapist.

Question 23

Carl Rogers encouraged client-centered therapists to ______ during the process of therapy.
•clearly communicate their diagnosis of a client's disorder
•genuinely express their own true feelings
•explain the immediate causes of a client's difficulties
•identify a hierarchy of the client's anxiety-arousing experiences

Question 24

Two counterconditioning techniques for replacing unwanted responses include
•systematic desensitization and free association.
•spontaneous recovery and stress inoculation training.
•unconditional positive regard and transference.
•aversive conditioning and exposure therapy.

Question 25

During a marriage counseling session,the therapist suggests to Mr. and Mrs. Gallo that they each restate their spouse's comments before making their own. The therapist was applying a technique most closely associated with
•psychoanalysis.
•cognitive-behavioral therapy.
•systematic desensitization.
•client-centered therapy.

Question 26

When Murli told his therapist,"I came to see what you could do for me," the therapist responded,"It sounds like you're feeling you need some help. Am I right?" The therapist's response illustrates the technique of
•transference.
•free association.
•active listening.
•systematic desensitization.

Question 27

A procedure that trains people to make new responses to stimuli that currently trigger unwanted responses is called
•light exposure therapy.
•transference.
•counterconditioning.
•unconditional positive regard.

Question 28

Insight therapies aim to improve psychological functioning by
•discouraging patients from using antidepressant drugs.
•using progressive relaxation to reduce patients' anxiety.
•increasing the client's awareness of underlying motives and defenses.
•using personality tests to accurately diagnose patients' difficulties.

Question 29

Instead of focusing on curing psychological disorders,________ therapies seek to promote personal growth and self-fulfillment.
•psychodynamic
•biomedical
•behavior
•humanistic

Question 30

An important feature of client-centered therapy is
•systematic desensitization.
•transference.
•free association.
•active listening.

Question 31

Unlike psychoanalytic therapists,humanistic therapists tend to focus on the ________ more than the ________.
•present; future
•past; present
•present; past
•past; future

Question 32

Humanistic therapists are likely to teach clients to
•focus more on other people's feelings than on their own.
•adapt more readily to social norms and expectations.
•imitate the behavior of others who are happy and successful.
•take more responsibility for their own feelings and actions.

Question 33

Nate's past relationships with his mother,his former wife,and his previous employer have been characterized by common patterns of resentment and emotional detachment. Helping Nate gain insight into these recurring relationship patterns would be of greatest concern to a
•behavior therapist.
•biomedical therapist.
•psychodynamic therapist.
•humanistic therapist.

Question 34

Which therapeutic approach relies most heavily on patients' discovering their own ways of effectively dealing with their difficulties?
•psychoanalysis
•cognitive therapy
•systematic desensitization
•client-centered therapy

Question 35

Carl Rogers referred to a caring,nonjudgmental attitude as
•active listening.
•free association.
•unconditional positive regard.
•positive reinforcement.

Question 36

In one treatment for bed-wetting,the child sleeps on a liquid-sensitive pad that when wet,triggers an alarm and awakens the child. This treatment is a form of
•biomedical therapy.
•cognitive therapy.
•behavior therapy.
•humanistic therapy.

Question 37

Psychodynamic therapies try to understand patients' current symptoms by focusing on recurring patterns in their
•interpersonal relationships.
•sexual disorders.
•eating habits and drug use.
•self-blaming explanations.

Question 38

In classical conditioning therapies,maladaptive symptoms are usually considered to be
•unconditioned stimuli.
•conditioned stimuli.
•unconditioned responses.
•conditioned responses.

Question 39

Psychological research on the principles of learning has most directly influenced the development of
•behavior therapy.
•humanistic therapy.
•psychodynamic therapy.
•cognitive therapy.

Question 40

The healing power of insight and self-awareness is LEAST likely to be emphasized by ________ therapists.
•cognitive
•psychoanalytic
•behavior
•humanistic

Question 41

Benny's mother tries to reduce his fear of sailing by giving the 3-year-old his favorite candy as soon as they board the boat. The mother's strategy best illustrates
•counterconditioning.
•cognitive therapy.
•transference.
•the placebo effect.

Question 42

Virtual reality exposure therapy is a form of
•stress inoculation training.
•aversive conditioning.
•systematic desensitization.
•transference.

Question 43

Reinforcing desired behaviors and withholding reinforcement for undesired behaviors is most central to the process of
•classical conditioning.
•light exposure therapy.
•behavior modification.
•progressive relaxation.

Question 44

Gina is so fearful of taking tests for college courses that she experiences mild anxiety when registering for a course,intense anxiety when studying for a test,and extreme anxiety when answering actual test questions. Her greatest fear,however,is experienced while waiting for a professor to hand out tests. During the process of systematically desensitizing her test anxiety,the therapist is likely to ask Gina first to imagine
•answering questions on a college test.
•waiting for a professor to hand out tests.
•studying for a test.
•registering for a college course.

Question 45

A token economy is to operant conditioning as ________ is to classical conditioning.
•systematic desensitization
•psychotherapy integration
•free association
•psychodynamic therapy

Question 46

Connor is constantly chewing tobacco. To reduce his appetite for this product,a behavior therapist would most likely use
•resistance.
•a token economy.
•systematic desensitization.
•aversive conditioning.

Question 47

Systematic desensitization is based on the idea that ________ facilitates the elimination of fear.
•the placebo effect
•movement of the eyes
•relaxation
•active listening

Question 48

Which of the following techniques have behavior therapists used to help people overcome a fear of flying?
•aversive conditioning
•transference
•virtual reality exposure therapy
•a token economy

Question 49

In which form of therapy is unwanted behavior systematically associated with unpleasant experiences?
•stress inoculation training
•systematic desensitization
•cognitive therapy
•aversive conditioning

Question 50

Relaxing one muscle group after another until one achieves a completely relaxed state of comfort is called ________ relaxation.
•simulated
•systematic
•progressive
•unconditional

Question 51

Which of the following is a type of exposure therapy?
•family therapy
•stress inoculation training
•systematic desensitization
•a token economy

Question 52

In a therapeutic setting,a client who wants to lose weight eats some favorite foods laced with a nausea-producing drug. Yet,outside the therapist's office,the client knows he or she can eat those foods without fear of nausea. This awareness contributes to the limited effectiveness of
•spontaneous recovery.
•aversive conditioning.
•client-centered therapy.
•transference.

Question 53

In 1924,Mary Cover Jones reported that 3-year-old Peter lost his fear of rabbits when one was repeatedly presented while he was eating a tasty snack. This episode best illustrated the potential usefulness of
•stress inoculation training.
•exposure therapies.
•free association.
•the placebo effect.

Question 54

Jonathan is afraid to ask a girl for a date,so his therapist instructs him to relax and simply imagine he is reaching for a telephone and then calling a potential date. The therapist's technique best illustrates the process of
•transference.
•free association.
•cognitive therapy.
•systematic desensitization.

Question 55

Systematic desensitization involves
•depriving a client access to an addictive drug.
•associating unwanted behaviors with unpleasant experiences.
•replacing a positive response to a harmful stimulus with a negative response.
•associating a pleasant relaxed state with anxiety-arousing stimuli.

Question 56

In treating alcohol dependency,therapists have clients consume alcohol that contains a nausea-producing drug. This technique is known as
•operant conditioning.
•systematic desensitization.
•aversive conditioning.
•transference.

Question 57

Therapists practice ________ by using positive reinforcers to reward closer and closer approximations of a desired behavior.
•free association
•progressive relaxation
•behavior modification
•unconditional positive regard

Question 58

Systematic desensitization is a form of ________,which is a type of ________.
•facilitated communication; psychodynamic therapy
•stress inoculation training; biomedical therapy
•free association; cognitive therapy
•counterconditioning; behavior therapy

Question 59

Systematic desensitization involves replacing a negative response with a positive response,whereas ________ involves replacing a positive response with a negative response.
•transference
•operant conditioning
•aversive conditioning
•behavior modification

Question 60

To help Claire quit smoking,a therapist delivers an electric shock to her arm each time she smokes a cigarette. The therapist is using
•aversive conditioning.
•systematic desensitization.
•stress inoculation training.
•EMDR.

Question 61

The assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions is most clearly central to
•progressive relaxation.
•cognitive therapies.
•behavior modification.
•exposure therapies.

Question 62

Group therapy is typically more effective than individual therapy for
•encouraging severely disturbed individuals to quickly regain normal social functioning.
•enabling people to discover that others have problems similar to their own.
•ensuring that therapists will become more emotionally involved in clients' real-life problems.
•eliminating clients' anxiety during the process of therapy.

Question 63

Dylan is a second-year undergraduate who feels so incompetent that he believes his life is worthless and hopeless. Dylan would profit the most from
•Jones' counterconditioning.
•Freud's psychoanalysis.
•Beck's cognitive therapy.
•Skinner's behavior modification.

Question 64

Proponents of behavior modification have suggested that institutionalized patients can be weaned from ________ by shifting them to other rewards common to life outside an institution.
•transference
•a token economy
•the therapeutic alliance
•free association

Question 65

Melanie's therapist suggests that when she feels anxious,Melanie should attribute her arousal to her highly reactive nervous system and shift her attention to playing a game with her 5-year-old son. This suggestion best illustrates
•systematic desensitization.
•cognitive-behavioral therapy.
•client-centered therapy.
•psychodynamic therapy.

Question 66

Critics of ________ have expressed a concern that appropriate patient behaviors will disappear following the discontinuation of a token economy.
•cognitive therapy
•light exposure therapy
•behavior modification
•psychotherapy integration

Question 67

Which of the following is the best description of behavior modification?
•Patients are helped to identify a hierarchy of anxiety-arousing experiences.
•Patients' actions are influenced by controlling the consequences of those actions.
•What a client says during the course of therapy is repeated or rephrased.
•Attention is focused on clients' positive and negative feelings toward their therapists.

Question 68

Mrs. Coleman is a withdrawn schizophrenia patient. To encourage her to be more socially active,institutional staff members give her small plastic cards whenever she talks to someone. She is allowed to exchange these cards for candy and cigarettes. Staff members are making use of
•active listening.
•systematic desensitization.
•a token economy.
•classical conditioning.

Question 69

A token economy represents an application of the principles of
•operant conditioning.
•systematic desensitization.
•humanistic therapy.
•classical conditioning.

Question 70

Systematic desensitization is to classical conditioning as ________ is to operant conditioning.
•aversive conditioning
•a token economy
•counterconditioning
•EMDR

Question 71

The approach that has helped children with autism learn to interact socially involves
•operant conditioning.
•stress inoculation training.
•psychodynamic therapy.
•aversive conditioning.

Question 72

Which therapeutic approach emphasizes that people are often disturbed because of their negative interpretations of events?
•client-centered therapy
•systematic desensitization
•cognitive therapy
•light exposure therapy

Question 73

An integrated therapy that aims to modify both self-defeating thinking and maladaptive actions is known as
•light exposure therapy.
•client-centered therapy.
•psychopharmacology.
•cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Question 74

Praising socially withdrawn children when they have eye contact with others and ignoring them after a temper tantrum best illustrates an application of
•cognitive therapy.
•facilitated communication.
•operant conditioning.
•unconditional positive regard.

Question 75

Cognitive therapists would be most likely to encourage depressed clients to
•carefully observe the negative consequences of their depression.
•take more personal responsibility for their own negative feelings and actions.
•stop blaming themselves for negative circumstances beyond their control.
•identify a hierarchy of anxiety-arousing experiences.

Question 76

"The technique reduces people to puppets controlled by therapists! It doesn't respect human freedom." This criticism is most likely to be directed at
•systematic desensitization.
•EMDR.
•psychoanalysis.
•a token economy.

Question 77

Stress inoculation training focuses on helping people to
•associate unwanted behaviors with unpleasant experiences.
•replace negative self-talk with more positive comments.
•associate a pleasant relaxed state with anxiety-arousing stimuli.
•establish empathic,caring relationships with others.

Question 78

Several years after his wife's death,Mr. Stattler remains incapacitated by feelings of guilt and sadness. To reduce Mr. Stattler's depression,a therapist is actively encouraging him to stop blaming himself for not being able to prevent his wife's death. The therapist's approach is most representative of
•systematic desensitization.
•psychoanalysis.
•cognitive therapy.
•client-centered therapy.

Question 79

Which form of psychotherapy is LEAST likely to occur in therapist-led small groups?
•client-centered therapy
•psychoanalysis
•systematic desensitization
•cognitive therapy

Question 80

Although originally trained in Freudian techniques,Aaron Beck developed a ________ therapy for depression.
•behavior
•cognitive
•client-centered
•biomedical