Deck 27: The Ups and Downs of Love

Question 1

Learning to delay gratification promotes
•maturation.
•empathy.
•moral action.
•autonomy.

Answer 1

•moral action

Question 2

An elaborate ceremony used to celebrate a person's emergence into adulthood is an example of
•a social identity.
•the postconventional stage.
•puberty.
•a rite of passage.

Answer 2

•a rite of passage

Question 3

Erikson suggested that the adolescent search for identity is followed by a developing capacity for
•competence.
•intimacy.
•autonomy.
•trust.

Answer 3

•intimacy

Question 4

A developmental stage between adolescent dependence and responsible adulthood is called
•puberty.
•maturation.
•emerging adulthood.
•postconventional morality.

Question 5

Primary sex characteristics are to ________ as secondary sex characteristics are to ________.
•male testes; adrenal glands
•female ovaries; deepened male voice
•male testes; female ovaries
•adrenal glands; underarm hair

Question 6

Fourteen-year-old Lisa was asked,"What would happen if everyone in the world suddenly went blind?" She responded,"Those who had previously been blind would become leaders." Lisa's answer indicates she is in the ________ stage of development.
•concrete operational
•postconventional
•formal operational
•preoperational

Question 7

According to Erikson,achieving a sense of identity is the special task of the
•toddler.
•preschooler.
•elementary schoolchild.
•adolescent.

Question 8

Adolescence is typically a time of
•diminishing parental influence and diminishing peer influence.
•growing parental influence and growing peer influence.
•diminishing parental influence and growing peer influence.
•growing parental influence and diminishing peer influence.

Question 9

According to Erikson,teens who suffer role confusion have not yet
•experienced a sense of basic trust.
•achieved a sense of autonomy.
•strived for a sense of competence.
•solidified a sense of identity.

Question 10

Research indicates that the high school girls who have the most affectionate relationships with their mothers also tend to
•have the most intimate relationships with girlfriends.
•have somewhat less intimate relationships with girlfriends.
•take longer than normal to establish their own independence and separate identity.
•have difficulty forming intimate relationships with boys.

Question 11

Sixteen-year-old Brenda questions her parents' values but does not fully accept her friends' standards either. Her confusion about what she really wants and values in life suggests that Brenda is struggling with the problem of
•autonomy.
•identity.
•initiative.
•integrity.

Question 12

Erikson would have suggested that adolescents can most effectively develop a sense of identity by
•seeking a lifelong romantic relationship.
•severing the emotional ties between themselves and their childhood friends.
•investigating the personal suitability of various occupational and social roles.
•adopting whatever values and expectations their parents recommend.

Question 13

Thirteen-year-old Ryan has begun to challenge many of his parents' values and to express his own set of highly idealistic standards. Compare and contrast the explanations for Ryan's behavior that would be given by Kohlberg and by Erikson.

Question 14

Branden is so apathetic about his occupational future that within two years of his high school graduation he had already been fired by four different employers. According to Erikson,Branden best illustrates
•crystallized intelligence.
•preconventional morality.
•role confusion.
•egocentrism.

Question 15

An awareness of your distinctive status as an international student in a university far from your homeland best illustrates a sense of
•stranger anxiety.
•postconventional morality.
•social identity.
•insecure attachment.

Question 16

According to Erikson,trust is to infancy as identity is to
•infancy.
•childhood.
•adulthood.
•adolescence.

Question 17

Critics of Kohlberg's theory of moral development have suggested that postconventional morality is more characteristic of ________ than of ________.
•individualist societies; collectivist societies
•socialists; capitalists
•African Americans; White Americans
•Catholics; Protestants

Question 18

Which of the following best describes adolescent self-esteem?
•It rises through the early teen years and falls during the late teen years.
•It falls through the early teen years and rises during the late teen years.
•It rises through the early teen years and rises during the late teen years.
•It falls through the early teen years and falls during the late teen years.

Question 19

Adolescents are most likely to be influenced by their parents with respect to ________,and they are most likely to be influenced by their peers with respect to ________.
•language accents; college choices
•dating practices; religious faith
•bedtime preferences; political views
•career aspirations; clothing preferences

Question 20

Today's earlier female sexual maturation is especially likely among
•underweight girls in father-absent homes.
•overweight girls in father-absent homes.
•underweight girls in father-present homes.
•overweight girls in father-present homes.

Question 21

Sam,a junior in high school,regularly attends church because his family and friends think he should. Which stage of moral reasoning is Sam in?
•preconventional
•conventional
•postconventional
•too little information to tell

Question 22

Whose stage theory of moral development was based on how people reasoned about ethical dilemmas?
•Erikson
•Piaget
•Hall
•Kohlberg

Question 23

Which of the following is true of adolescence in contemporary industrialized societies,as compared with previous centuries?
•It begins earlier in life and ends earlier in life.
•It begins later in life and ends earlier in life.
•It begins earlier in life and ends later in life.
•It begins later in life and ends later in life.

Question 24

Jarrud thinks he should obey his teachers only if they are carefully watching him. Kohlberg would suggest that Jarrud demonstrates a(n)________ morality.
•conventional
•unconventional
•preconventional
•postconventional

Question 25

In preconventional morality,the person
•obeys out of a sense of social duty.
•conforms to gain social approval.
•obeys to avoid punishment or to gain concrete rewards.
•follows the dictates of his or her conscience.

Question 26

Thirteen-year-old Irene has no trouble defeating her 11-year-old brother at a detective game that requires following clues to deduce the perpetrator of a crime. How might Piaget explain Irene's superiority at the game?
•Being older,Irene has had more years of schooling.
•Girls develop intellectually at a faster rate than boys.
•Being an adolescent,Irene is beginning to develop abstract reasoning skills.
•Girls typically have more experience than boys at playing games.

Question 27

The average age at which puberty begins is ________ in boys; in girls,it is ________.
•14; 13
•13; 11
•11; 10
•10; 9

Question 28

Female breasts are to ________ as male testes are to ________.
•menarche; menopause
•menopause; menarche
•secondary sex characteristics; primary sex characteristics
•primary sex characteristics; secondary sex characteristics.

Question 29

To which of Kohlberg's levels would moral reasoning based on the existence of fundamental human rights pertain?
•preconventional morality
•conventional morality
•postconventional morality
•generative morality

Question 30

Mark believes that choosing to violate government laws is morally justifiable if it is done to protect the lives of innocent people. Kohlberg would suggest that this illustrates ________ morality.
•conventional
•unconventional
•preconventional
•postconventional

Question 31

Based on the text discussion of maturation and popularity,who among the following is probably the most popular sixth grader?
•Jessica,the most physically mature girl in the class
•Roger,the most intellectually mature boy in the class
•Rob,the tallest,most physically mature boy in the class
•Cindy,who is average in physical development and is on the school debating team

Question 32

In Erikson's theory,individuals generally focus on developing ________ during adolescence and then ________ during young adulthood.
•identity; intimacy
•intimacy; identity
•basic trust; identity
•identity; basic trust

Question 33

According to Erikson,the central psychological challenges pertaining to adolescence,young adulthood,and middle age,respectively,are
•identity formation; intimacy; generativity.
•intimacy; identity formation; generativity.
•generativity; intimacy; identity formation.
•intimacy; generativity; identity formation.

Question 34

Which of the following is correct?
•Early maturation places both boys and girls at a distinct social advantage.
•Early maturing girls are more popular and self-assured than girls who mature late.
•Early maturation places both boys and girls at a distinct social disadvantage.
•Early maturing boys are more popular and self-assured than boys who mature late.

Question 35

Adolescence is marked by the onset of
•an identity crisis.
•parent-child conflict.
•the concrete operational stage.
•puberty.

Question 36

Jessica acts so differently with her parents than with her girlfriends that she often thinks her personality is completely phony. Erik Erikson would have suggested that Jessica is experiencing
•egocentrism.
•preconventional morality.
•role confusion.
•shame and doubt.

Question 37

The speed of neurotransmission in the frontal lobe increases during adolescence due to the growth of
•myelin.
•the self-concept.
•the pituitary gland.
•secondary sex characteristics.

Question 38

Among the hallmarks of growing up are a boy's first ejaculation and a girl's first menstrual period,which also is called
•puberty.
•menopause.
•menarche.
•generativity.

Question 39

The process of developing a sense of identity during adolescence was highlighted by
•Erikson's psychosocial development theory.
•Piaget's cognitive development theory.
•Kohlberg's moral development theory.
•Hall's storm-and-stress theory.

Question 40

Research on teen social relationships indicates that most adolescents
•like their parents.
•seldom experience feelings of loneliness.
•want to avoid emotionally close relationships with peers.
•experience positive relationships with peers and negative relationships with parents.

Question 41

Fourteen-year-old Cassandra feels freer and more open with her friends than with her family. Knowing this is the case,Cassandra's parents should
•be concerned,because deteriorating parent-teen relationships,such as this one,are often followed by a range of problem behaviors.
•encourage Cassandra to find new friends.
•seek family counseling.
•not worry,since adolescence is typically a time of growing peer influence and diminishing parental influence.

Question 42

Research on social relationships between parents and their adolescent children shows that
•parental influence on children increases during adolescence.
•high school girls who have the most affectionate relationships with their mothers tend to enjoy the most intimate friendships with girlfriends.
•high school boys who have the most affectionate relationships with their fathers tend to enjoy the most intimate friendships with friends.
•most teens are strongly influenced by parents in matters of personal taste.

Question 43

After a series of unfulfilling relationships,30-year-old Carlos tells a friend that he doesn't want to marry because he is afraid of losing his freedom and independence. Erikson would say that Carlos is having difficulty with the psychosocial task of
•trust versus mistrust.
•autonomy versus doubt.
•intimacy versus isolation.
•identity versus role confusion.