Deck 25: Do the Media Influence Social Behavior

Question 1

The semicircular canals are most directly relevant to
•hearing.
•kinesthesis.
•the vestibular sense.
•sensory interaction.

Answer 1

•the vestibular sense

Question 2

Eardrum vibrations are transmitted to the cochlea by a piston consisting of
•protruding hair cells.
•the basilar membrane.
•the hammer,anvil,and stirrup.
•vestibular sacs.

Answer 2

•the hammer,anvil,and stirrup

Question 3

A time lag between left and right auditory stimulation is important for accurately
•locating sounds.
•detecting pitch.
•recognizing rhythms.
•judging amplitude.

Answer 3

•locating sounds

Question 4

Our sense of the position and movement of individual body parts is called
•audition.
•olfaction.
•kinesthesis.
•sensory interaction.

Question 5

Long sound waves are to short sound waves as a ________ voice is to a ________ voice.
•loud; soft
•soprano; bass
•soft; loud
•bass; soprano

Question 6

The cochlea is a
•fluid-filled tube in which sound waves trigger nerve impulses.
•fluid-filled tube that provides a sense of upright body position.
•fluid-filled tube that provides a sense of body movement.
•set of three tiny bones that amplify the vibrations of the eardrum.

Question 7

As a jackhammer operator who has experienced prolonged exposure to high-amplitude drilling,Alex is beginning to lose his hearing. It is most likely that this hearing loss results from damage to
•the auditory canal.
•hair cells.
•the hammer,anvil,and stirrup.
•the eardrum.

Question 8

The barn owl's right ear opens slightly upward while its left ear opens slightly downward. This asymmetry is most useful for enabling the owl to detect the ________ of a sound.
•pitch
•location
•loudness
•amplitude

Question 9

The surface of the basilar membrane is lined with
•hair cells.
•olfactory receptors.
•nerve fibers.
•pistons.

Question 10

Our sense of hearing is known as
•the vestibular sense.
•kinesthesis.
•audition.
•tinnitus.

Question 11

Cocking your head would be most useful for detecting the ______ of a sound.
•pitch
•loudness
•location
•amplitude

Question 12

Eardrum vibrations are transmitted by three tiny bones located in the
•vestibular sacs.
•inner ear.
•cochlea.
•middle ear.

Question 13

En route to the temporal lobe's auditory cortex,neural impulses from the auditory nerve are first relayed to the
•thalamus.
•amygdala.
•hippocampus.
•hypothalamus.

Question 14

Tiny hairlike receptors that monitor the tilting of your head are located in the
•cochlea.
•tendons and joints.
•olfactory bulb.
•vestibular sacs.

Question 15

The high notes on a piano always produce ________ sound waves than the low notes.
•higher-amplitude
•lower-amplitude
•higher-frequency
•lower-frequency

Question 16

Receptor cells for kinesthesis are located in the
•semicircular canals.
•bones,ears,tendons,and joints.
•olfactory bulb.
•auditory cortex.

Question 17

An 80-decibel sound is ________ times more intense than a 60-decibel sound.
•2
•10
•20
•100

Question 18

The absolute threshold for hearing is arbitrarily defined as zero
•decibels.
•amps.
•tones.
•hertz.

Question 19

The process of transforming air pressure waves into neural messages that the brain interprets as meaningful sound is known as
•sensory interaction.
•the vestibular sense.
•kinesthesis.
•audition.

Question 20

The brain can interpret the loudness of sounds from
•the intensity of hair cell responses.
•the frequency of electromagnetic waves.
•the number of activated hair cells.
•the frequency of air pressure changes.

Question 21

An integrated understanding of pain control in terms of mental distraction,the release of endorphins,and the presence of empathic caregivers is most clearly provided by
•gate-control theory.
•sensory interaction.
•a biopsychosocial approach.
•kinesthesis.

Question 22

The rubber-hand illusion best illustrates the importance of
•kinesthesis.
•top-down processing.
•endorphins.
•tinnitus.

Question 23

The classic gate-control theory suggests that pain is experienced when small nerve fibers activate and open a neural gate in the
•vestibular sacs.
•semicircular canals.
•olfactory bulb.
•spinal cord.

Question 24

For burn victims,a computer-generated virtual reality can help to control pain by means of
•the McGurk effect.
•thought distraction.
•phantom limb sensations.
•kinesthesis.

Question 25

The sense of touch includes the four basic sensations of
•pleasure,pain,warmth,and cold.
•pain,pressure,hot,and cold.
•wetness,pain,hot,and cold.
•pressure,pain,warmth,and cold.

Question 26

Which basic taste attracts us to protein-rich foods?
•sweet
•salty
•sour
•umami

Question 27

When given a placebo that is said to relieve pain,we are likely to be soothed by the brain's release of
•umami.
•nociceptors.
•endorphins.
•anosmia.

Question 28

Sensory receptors that detect hurtful temperatures,pressure,or chemicals are called
•vestibular sacs.
•hair cells.
•nociceptors.
•olfactory cells.

Question 29

The brain's release of endorphins reduces
•pain.
•tinnitus.
•kinesthesis.
•sensory interaction.

Question 30

The biopsychosocial approach to pain is likely to emphasize the importance of both
•top-down and bottom-up processing.
•nociceptors and olfactory receptors.
•kinesthesis and the vestibular sense.
•the rubber-hand illusion and the McGurk effect.

Question 31

Which of the following play the biggest role in our feeling dizzy and unbalanced after a thrilling roller coaster ride?
•olfactory receptors
•endorphins
•nociceptors
•semicircular canals

Question 32

Our sense of taste originally was thought to involve only the following four sensations of
•sweet,salty,starch,and bitter.
•salty,fatty,bitter,and sweet.
•sour,bitter,sweet,and starchy.
•bitter,sweet,sour,and salty.

Question 33

A clever version of the "rubber-hand" study illustrated
•the McGurk effect.
•kinesthesis.
•brain-created pain.
•sensory interaction.

Question 34

Of the four distinct skin senses,specialized receptor cells have been identified for the sense of
•pressure.
•wetness.
•warmth.
•cold.

Question 35

In response to a harmful stimulus,________ initiate neural impulses leading to the sensation of pain.
•olfactory bulbs.
•nociceptors.
•the semicircular canals.
•vestibular sacs.

Question 36

After losing his left hand in an accident,Jack continued to experience pain in his nonexistent hand. His experience illustrates
•bottom-up processing.
•sensory interaction.
•phantom limb sensations.
•the vestibular sense.

Question 37

After painful medical procedures,people's memory snapshots tend to overlook
•the final moments of pain associated with the procedure.
•the peak moments of pain associated with the procedure.
•the total duration of the pain associated with the procedure.
•all of these periods of pain.

Question 38

Which of the following best illustrates the impact of central nervous system activity in the absence of normal sensory input?
•tinnitus
•kinesthesis
•anosmia
•sham acupuncture

Question 39

Infant rats deprived of their mothers' grooming touch produce
•less growth hormone and have a higher metabolic rate.
•more growth hormone and have a lower metabolic rate.
•less growth hormone and have a lower metabolic rate.
•more growth hormone and have a higher metabolic rate.

Question 40

Which of the following suggests that large-fiber activity in the spinal cord can prevent pain signals from reaching the brain?
•McGurk's theory
•place theory
•gate-control theory
•frequency theory

Question 41

The hammer,anvil,and stirrup are three tiny bones that transmit vibrations to the
•vestibular sacs.
•oval window.
•eardrum.
•semicircular canal.

Question 42

The olfactory receptors are activated by
•nociceptors.
•hair cells.
•odorant molecules.
•the basilar membrane.

Question 43

Damage to the basilar membrane is most likely to affect which sense?
•kinesthesis
•audition
•sense of smell
•vestibular sense

Question 44

During the months when there is a large amount of pollen in the air,your hay fever severely affects your sense of smell. At the same time your food all seems to taste the same. This illustrates the importance of
•sensory interaction.
•tinnitus.
•serial processing.
•top-down processing.

Question 45

Pleasant memories are most likely to be evoked by exposure to
•bright colors.
•soft touches.
•fragrant odors.
•loud sounds.

Question 46

Touching side-by-side cold and pressure spots triggers a sense of
•warmth.
•pain.
•wetness.
•kinesthesis.

Question 47

The sensory experience of bending one's knees or raising one's arms exemplifies
•the vestibular sense.
•top-down processing.
•sensory interaction.
•kinesthesis.

Question 48

A drink's strawberry odor enhances our perception of its sweetness. This best illustrates
•the vestibular sense.
•anosmia.
•the McGurk effect.
•sensory interaction.

Question 49

Receptor cells for the vestibular sense send messages to the
•somatosensory cortex.
•cerebellum.
•olfactory cortex.
•frontal lobes.

Question 50

Alex tickles his brother by stroking adjacent ________ spots on his skin.
•pressure
•warmth
•cold
•pain

Question 51

The rubber-hand illusion best illustrates
•the absolute threshold.
•sensory interaction.
•kinesthesis.
•olfaction.

Question 52

Explain why both top-down and bottom-up processing are emphasized by those who take a biopsychosocial approach to understanding pain and pain control.

Question 53

Receptor cells for our sense of ________ reproduce themselves every week or two.
•smell
•hearing
•taste
•equilibrium

Question 54

The sense of smell is known as
•audition.
•the vestibular sense.
•kinesthesis.
•olfaction.

Question 55

According to the gate-control theory,a back massage would most likely reduce your physical aches and pains by causing the
•release of pain-killing endorphins in your muscles.
•activation of nerve fibers in your spinal cord.
•the release of adrenaline into your bloodstream.
•deactivation of the pain receptors on the surface of your skin.

Question 56

Sense perception cells that project antennalike hairs are located within
•the eardrum.
•nociceptors.
•taste buds.
•the olfactory bulb.

Question 57

Information from the taste buds travels to an area of the
•frontal lobe.
•parietal lobe.
•occipital lobe.
•temporal lobe.

Question 58

Which of the following would play a role in quickly alerting you to a gas leak in your home?
•nociceptors
•olfactory receptors
•cochlea
•basilar membrane

Question 59

The McGurk effect best illustrates
•phantom limb sensations.
•the rubber-hand illusion.
•tinnitus.
•sensory interaction.

Question 60

Which of the following senses is best described as a chemical sense?
•kinesthesis
•audition
•the vestibular sense
•smell

Question 61

How does pain differ from other senses?
•It has no special receptors.
•It has no single stimulus.
•It is influenced by both physical and psychological phenomena.
•All of these statements are true.

Question 62

The receptors for taste are located in the
•taste buds.
•cochlea.
•olfactory bulb.
•cortex.

Question 63

Our experience of pain when we are injured depends on
•our biological makeup and the type of injury we have sustained.
•how well medical personnel deal with our injury.
•our physiology,experiences and attention,and surrounding culture.
•what our culture allows us to express in terms of feelings of pain.

Question 64

Which of the following is NOT one of the basic tastes?
•sweet
•salty
•umami
•bland

Question 65

While competing in the Olympic trials,marathoner Kirsten O'Brien suffered a stress fracture in her left leg. That she did not experience significant pain until the race was over is probably attributable to the fact that during the race
•the pain gate in her spinal cord was closed by information coming from her brain.
•her body's production of endorphins decreased.
•an increase in the activity of small pain fibers closed the pain gate.
•a decrease in the activity of large pain fibers closed the pain gate.

Question 66

The olfactory cortex is located in the
•frontal lobe.
•occipital lobe.
•temporal lobe.
•parietal lobe.

Question 67

What enables you to feel yourself wiggling your toes even with your eyes closed?
•vestibular sense
•kinesthesis
•the skin senses
•sensory interaction

Question 68

Nociceptors initiate the sensation of
•smell.
•pitch.
•taste.
•pain.

Question 69

Which of the following correctly lists the order of structures through which sound travels after entering the ear?
•auditory canal,eardrum,middle ear,cochlea
•eardrum,auditory canal,middle ear,cochlea
•eardrum,middle ear,cochlea,auditory canal
•cochlea,eardrum,middle ear,auditory canal

Question 70

The principle that one sense may influence another is
•kinesthesis.
•sensory adaptation.
•audition.
•sensory interaction.

Question 71

Dr. Frankenstein has forgotten to give his monster an important part; as a result,the monster cannot transform sound into neural messages. Dr. Frankenstein omitted the
•eardrum.
•middle ear.
•semicircular canals.
•basilar membrane.

Question 72

Frequency is to pitch as ________ is to ________.
•wavelength; loudness
•amplitude; loudness
•wavelength; intensity
•amplitude; intensity

Question 73

Seventy-year-old Mrs. Martinez finds that she must spice her food heavily or she cannot taste it. Unfortunately,her son often finds her cooking inedible because it is so spicy. What is the likely explanation for their taste differences?
•Women have higher taste thresholds than men.
•Men have higher taste thresholds than women.
•Being 70 years old,Mrs. Martinez probably has fewer taste buds than her son.
•All of these are likely explanations.

Question 74

The inner ear contains receptors for
•audition and kinesthesis.
•kinesthesis and the vestibular sense.
•audition and the vestibular sense.
•audition,kinesthesis,and the vestibular sense.

Question 75

Which of the following is an example of sensory interaction?
•finding that despite its delicious aroma,a weird-looking meal tastes awful
•finding that food tastes bland when you have a bad cold
•finding it difficult to maintain your balance when you have an ear infection
•All of these are examples.

Question 76

Kinesthesis involves
•the bones of the middle ear.
•information from the bones,ears,tendons,and joints.
•membranes within the cochlea.
•the body's sense of balance.

Question 77

According to the gate-control theory,a way to alleviate chronic pain would be to stimulate the ________ nerve fibers that ________ the spinal gate.
•small; open
•small; close
•large; open
•large; close

Question 78

The phantom limb sensation indicates that
•pain is a purely sensory phenomenon.
•the central nervous system plays only a minor role in the experience of pain.
•pain involves the brain's interpretation of neural activity.
•all of these are true.

Question 79

Tamiko hates the bitter taste of her cough syrup. Which of the following would she find most helpful in minimizing the syrup's bad taste?
•tasting something very sweet before taking the cough syrup
•keeping the syrup in her mouth for several seconds before swallowing it
•holding her nose while taking the cough syrup
•gulping the cough syrup so that it misses her tongue

Question 80

Of the four distinct skin senses,the only one that has definable receptors is
•warmth.
•cold.
•pressure.
•pain.