Deck 23: The Roots of Prejudice

Question 1

Vincent is upset because he performed poorly in a math test.Instead of blaming his poor performance on his poor preparation,Vincent blames his relatives who visited his house the week before his math test.In this case,Vincent is displaying

A)ingroup bias.
B)the outgroup homogeneity effect.
C)displaced aggression.
D)selection bias.

Answer 1

displaced aggression.

Question 2

In the context of stereotyping,_____ refers to seeing people who deviate from one's stereotype as exceptions to the stereotype.

A)ostracizing
B)subtyping
C)redlining
D)ingrouping

Answer 2

subtyping

Question 3

Elena's boss told her that she is being relieved of her services since the company is downsizing.Later that day when gets home,she is critical of her girlfriend's choice of restaurant for dinner.What term best describes Elena's behavior?

A)institutionalized aggression
B)just-world action
C)displaced aggression
D)authoritarian regression

Answer 3

displaced aggression

Question 4

A tendency to favor one's group is called

A)ethnocentrism.
B)an ingroup bias.
C)an outgroup bias.
D)social dominance.

Question 5

John has just failed a chemistry test.He goes back to his apartment and criticizes his roommate's choice of music.Which of the following terms best describes John's behavior?

A)institutionalized aggression
B)just-world action
C)displaced aggression
D)authoritarian regression

Question 6

When the cause of our frustration is intimidating or unknown,we often redirect our hostility.This phenomenon is known as

A)discrimination.
B)displaced aggression.
C)realistic group conflict.
D)institutional support.

Question 7

Between classes,you notice how smokers congregate outside the doors of the building.When interacting with one another,they seem to behave as if they identify as quite different from the nonsmokers who happen to be outside the doors.Which of the following terms would best describe the group of smokers?

A)an ingroup
B)an outgroup
C)a clan
D)an ethnocentric group

Question 8

Studies of Whites by Thomas Pettigrew in South Africa in the 1950s,when apartheid ruled,revealed that those who _____ were also the most prejudiced.

A)had the most education
B)conformed most to other social norms
C)were the most disadvantaged
D)had the greatest amount of social power

Question 9

A group of natives,who are economically poor,express high level of prejudice toward other ethnic minorities in a particular country because of the job loss suffered by the native group as a result of mass immigration of these ethnic minorities.This is most likely an example of

A)subgrouping.
B)the false consensus effect.
C)subtyping.
D)the realistic group conflict theory.

Question 10

Research on the relationship between religion and prejudice has found that

A)religion causes prejudice.
B)prejudice causes religion.
C)the relationship depends on how religion is defined.
D)religion causes authoritarianism which,in turn,causes prejudice.

Question 11

A belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic and cultural group is called

A)prejudice.
B)discrimination.
C)ethnocentrism.
D)arrogance.

Question 12

According to Myers,many disadvantaged youths find pride and identity in gang affiliations.This is their way of

A)justifying their racial discrimination.
B)justifying their religious discrimination.
C)establishing social dominance.
D)seeking self-esteem.

Question 13

Veronica believes people of her race are superior to other minorities in her neighborhood.Since her ancestors were the first people to own land in her neighborhood,she believes that they are better and superior to other minorities.In this case,Veronica is most likely displaying a(n)_____ attitude.

A)narcissistic
B)egalitarian
C)ethnocentric
D)egotistic

Question 14

Children of _____ have less stereotyped views of men and women.

A)authoritarian parents
B)employed women
C)devoutly religious parents
D)stay-at-home mothers

Question 15

A group of people who share a sense of belonging or a feeling of common identity is called a(n)

A)ingroup.
B)outgroup.
C)community.
D)clan.

Question 16

Palmer (1996)found that there is _____ between opposition to immigration and the unemployment rate in Canada since 1975.

A)a positive relationship
B)a negative relationship
C)a neutral relationship
D)no relationship

Question 17

Myers indicates that,until recently,prejudice was greatest in regions where slavery was practiced.This fact is consistent with the principle that _____ breeds prejudice.

A)frustration
B)unequal status
C)conformity
D)authoritarianism

Question 18

We are more prone to ingroup biases when our group is _____ and _____ relative to the outgroup.

A)large; high in status
B)large; low in status
C)small; high in status
D)small; low in status

Question 19

The "we" aspect of our self-concept is what social psychologists call

A)our group identity.
B)our social identity.
C)a personal identity.
D)an outgroup.

Question 20

"Them," a group that people perceive as being distinctively different or apart from their own group,is what social psychologists call a(n)

A)ingroup.
B)outgroup.
C)scapegoat.
D)bias group.

Question 21

The phrase "they are all alike,but we are diverse" reflects

A)an outgroup bias.
B)the outgroup homogeneity effect.
C)ethnocentrism.
D)a categorization bias.

Question 22

Carol believes that girls usually fail to comprehend basic concepts in chemistry.During a chemistry test in class,she underperforms and realizes that since she is a girl she would not have performed well in chemistry anyway.Carol's belief is an example of

A)a stereotype threat.
B)the just-world phenomenon.
C)the scapegoating effect.
D)subtyping.

Question 23

Mary tells you that she thinks the reason people live in poverty is because they are lazy.Mary's thinking is an example of the _____ phenomenon.

A)retribution
B)just-world
C)ingroup bias
D)stereotype invulnerability

Question 24

Your coworker tells you that she has both a pet snake and a pet dog at home.You are most likely to describe her to new office employees as a

A)snake owner.
B)dog owner.
C)both a snake owner and a dog owner.
D)coworker.

Question 25

Your new roommate introduces himself as having an Irish and Tahitian background.You are most likely to introduce your roommate to your friends as

A)Irish.
B)Tahitian.
C)both Irish and Tahitian.
D)your roommate.

Question 26

Karen believes that those who failed in her school math exam deserved to fail.She thinks they were punished for being casual and unconcerned about the exam.Karen's belief illustrates

A)Gause's law.
B)the just-world phenomenon.
C)an ingroup bias.
D)stereotype vulnerability.

Question 27

When others expect us to perform poorly and our anxiety causes us to confirm their belief,we have reacted to

A)a stereotype threat.
B)subtyping.
C)an outgroup bias.
D)ethnocentrism.

Question 28

Assuming that sick people are responsible for their illnesses is an example of the _____ phenomenon.

A)retribution
B)just-world
C)ingroup bias
D)stereotype invulnerability

Question 29

Linking good fortune with virtue and misfortune with moral failure enables fortunate people to feel pride and enables unfortunate people to avoid responsibility.This is an example of the _____ phenomenon.

A)retribution
B)just-world
C)ingroup bias
D)stereotype invulnerability

Question 30

Taylor and Fiske (1978)found that a Black in an otherwise White group,a man in an otherwise female group,or a woman in an otherwise male group seem

A)less prominent than the others in the group.
B)less influential.
C)to be uninvolved in the group.
D)more prominent and influential.

Question 31

The just-world phenomenon may lead us to believe that an unemployed person is

A)the victim of discrimination.
B)lazy.
C)in need of sympathy.
D)in need of a retraining program.

Question 32

What connection has been found in experiments exploring self-image and prejudice?

A)People with high self-image tend to be more prejudiced.
B)People with low self-image tend to be more prejudiced.
C)There is no connection found between a person's self-image and their level of prejudice.
D)The connection between a person's self-image and their level of prejudice is a weak one.

Question 33

Nathan is a White American.He thinks Asians are indistinguishable.He sees no difference among Pilipinos,Indians,and Indonesians.He thinks that Americans are more diverse than Asians.This is an example of

A)the outgroup homogeneity effect.
B)the false consensus effect.
C)subtyping.
D)subgrouping.

Question 34

Linking _____ with virtue and _____ with moral failure enables fortunate people to feel pride,and enables unfortunate people to avoid responsibility.

A)good fortune; misfortune
B)misfortune; good fortune
C)wealth; poverty
D)poverty; wealth

Question 35

Kleck and Strenta (1980)had women who falsely believed that they appeared disfigured by theatrical makeup interact with a female partner.Results indicated that women who thought they were disfigured

A)interacted for a longer period of time with their partners.
B)interacted for a shorter period of time with their partners.
C)rated their partners as more tense,distant,and patronizing.
D)rated their partners as warmer,more open,and friendlier.

Question 36

People in the numerical minority tend to be

A)numerically overestimated by the majority.
B)numerically overestimated by the minority.
C)numerically underestimated by the majority.
D)numerically underestimated by the minority.

Question 37

_____ tends to lead to modest change in stereotypes because stereotypes become more differentiated.

A)Subgrouping
B)Stereotype threat
C)The just-world phenomenon
D)Ethnocentrism

Question 38

The just-world phenomenon can lead people to think that

A)the winners of a lottery actually deserved their good fortune.
B)sick people are not responsible for their illness.
C)poor people deserve better.
D)rape victims acted in a provocative manner.

Question 39

The tendency for people to believe that individuals get what they deserve and deserve what they get is called the _____ phenomenon.

A)retribution
B)just-world
C)ingroup bias
D)stereotype invulnerability