Deck 13: Gender,genes,and Culture

Question 1

Much of the style we attribute to men is

A)based on genetics.
B)viewed as submissive in nature.
C)typical of people in positions of status and power.
D)typical of people in low-status roles.

Answer 1

typical of people in positions of status and power.

Question 2

When men and women want empathy and understanding,they are most likely to turn to a

A)spouse.
B)woman.
C)man.
D)co-worker.

Answer 2

woman.

Question 3

Maria reads about an unsolved murder in the newspaper.Knowing that in the United States,eight times as many men as women are likely to be arrested for murder,she can reasonably predict that a(n)_____ committed the murder.

A)man
B)woman
C)provoked individual
D)innocent bystander

Answer 3

man

Question 4

In the context of gender differences,compared to males,the average female is

A)more capable of wiggling her ears.
B)four times more likely to commit suicide.
C)five times more likely to be killed by lightning.
D)more sensitive to sound and smells.

Question 5

In the context of gender differences in social dominance,compared to men,women

A)tend to use less communal prepositions and less present tense while writing.
B)tend to interrupt intrusively,stare more,and touch with the hand during conversations.
C)tend to excel more in transformational or relational leadership.
D)act more impulsively and take more risks.

Question 6

When faced with stress,women are more likely than men to

A)flee.
B)fight.
C)befriend.
D)collapse.

Question 7

Research has found that _____ are generally superior at decoding others' emotional messages.

A)the young
B)the elderly
C)men
D)women

Question 8

In the context of gender differences in play,it has been observed that compared to boys,girls

A)play in smaller groups.
B)prefer to play with boys rather than with other girls.
C)often talk with several friends.
D)play more aggressively.

Question 9

Identify a true statement about gender differences in friendship.

A)Men talk for longer than women when the goal is affiliation with others.
B)Boys send more than twice as many text messages as do girls.
C)Men tend to spend less time than women on social networking sites.
D)Men report friendships with other men as being more intimate than with women.

Question 10

During a conversation,men are more likely than women to do all of the following

A)talk assertively.
B)interrupt intrusively.
C)stare more.
D)smile more.

Question 11

Which of the following statements is false?

A)Women are more likely to cry at another's distress.
B)Girls react with more empathy when told stories than boys.
C)Women find friendships with other women more intimate than friendships with men.
D)Men find friendships with other men more enjoyable than friendships with women.

Question 12

In Canada and the United States,_____ as many men as women are arrested for murder.

A)20 times
B)50 times
C)8 times
D)5 times

Question 13

Being a student of social psychology,you can predict with reasonable accuracy that _____ are more likely to contribute to charitable organizations.

A)the young
B)the elderly
C)men
D)women

Question 14

In the context of gender differences in empathy,compared to men,women

A)are slightly more successful at conveying anger.
B)are less skilled at expressing emotions nonverbally.
C)find it harder to recall others' appearance.
D)tend to outperform at reading others' emotions.

Question 15

_____ are more likely to favor conservative political candidates.

A)The young
B)The elderly
C)Men
D)Women

Question 16

In psychology,the characteristics,whether biologically or socially influenced,by which people define male and female is referred to as

A)sex.
B)gender.
C)orientation.
D)culture.

Question 17

In the context of gender differences in vocations,compared to males,women

A)value earnings and challenges at the workplace.
B)gravitate to jobs that reduce inequalities.
C)are more interested in math-intensive careers.
D)prefer jobs that require dealing with things.

Question 18

Pratto and his colleagues (1997)reported that _____ tend to gravitate toward jobs that reduce inequalities,such as a public defender.

A)the young
B)the elderly
C)men
D)women

Question 19

According to the text,_____ are more likely to describe themselves as having empathy.

A)the young
B)the elderly
C)men
D)women

Question 20

Which of the following is false with regard to conversations with men and women?

A)Women's conversations last longer than men's.
B)Men's conversations focus more on tasks than women's conversations.
C)Women focus more on connections with large groups than men.
D)Men spend more time texting than women.

Question 21

Research on possible hormonal influences on aggression has indicated that

A)testosterone levels influence animal aggression but not human aggression.
B)violent male criminals have higher than normal testosterone levels.
C)gender differences in aggression are clearly unrelated to hormonal differences.
D)administering testosterone reduces aggression in most animals.

Question 22

Evolutionary explanations of gender differences have been criticized because they

A)underestimate the role of genetic factors.
B)do not explain cultural changes in behavior that occur over relatively short periods of time.
C)deny the role of hormonal factors.
D)rely too heavily on the experimental method in testing hypotheses.

Question 23

In the mid-1960s,married women in the United States devoted seven times as many hours to housework as did their husbands,yet in the mid-1990s,this figure was down to two times as many hours.This pattern reflects how gender roles

A)are learned.
B)are biologically determined.
C)vary with culture.
D)vary over time.

Question 24

According to Schmitt (2003),an international survey indicated that more _____ than _____ wanted more than one sexual partner in the next month.

A)women; men
B)men; women
C)lesbians; gay men
D)older men; younger men

Question 25

According to the text,which term best describes the relationship between biology and culture?

A)competition
B)interaction
C)interpolation
D)reciprocation

Question 26

Which of the following statements is true of gender roles?

A)Gender roles are the sole result of genetics.
B)Gender roles are the sole result of learning.
C)Gender roles vary by climate.
D)Gender roles vary by culture.

Question 27

_____ refers to a relationship in which the effect of one factor (such as biology)depends on another factor (such as environment).

A)Competition
B)Interaction
C)Interpolation
D)Reciprocation

Question 28

Evolutionary psychology has been criticized for

A)hindsight biases.
B)unethical treatment of human participants.
C)the use of unrepresentative samples.
D)functional fixedness.

Question 29

In a 2010 Pew Global Attitudes survey,_____ of the 22 countries agreed that life was more satisfying when both spouses worked and shared child care?

A)10
B)20
C)21
D)9

Question 30

The term gender role refers to

A)enduring behaviors,attitudes,and traditions transmitted from one generation to the next.
B)a set of behavior expectations for males and females.
C)a rule for accepted and expected behaviors.
D)the personality characteristics by which people define male and female.

Question 31

_____ is a set of behavior expectations for males and females.

A)Gender type
B)Gender role
C)Gender identity
D)Gender position

Question 32

Consistent with evolutionary psychology's explanation of gender differences,Roney (2003)found that teen males reported _____ as most important if left alone in a room with a teen female.

A)"being witty"
B)"earning good grades"
C)"having lots of money"
D)"showing one's sensitive side"

Question 33

Your mother has commented on how little time your older sister,who recently married,spends on housework,as compared to what she herself used to spend when she was a newlywed.Your mother's comment reflects how gender roles

A)are learned.
B)are biologically determined.
C)vary with culture.
D)vary over time.

Question 34

According to evolutionary psychology,men tend to display their "abs and assets" in an attempt to offer what women will desire

A)charm.
B)generosity.
C)a sensitive and emotional nature.
D)external resources and physical protection.

Question 35

Evolutionary psychologists respond to their critics by saying that

A)the criticisms are "flat-out wrong."
B)hindsight bias also occurs in cultural explanations of the differences between men and women.
C)their field is an empirical science that tests its predictions with a variety of data.
D)All of the answers are correct.

Question 36

Higher than normal levels of testosterone have been found in

A)violent male criminals.
B)male lawyers.
C)gay men.
D)married men.

Question 37

When a 1990 Gallup survey asked respondents whether upbringing or biology accounted for gender differences,

A)most said "upbringing".
B)most said "biology".
C)about the same percentage of respondents said "upbringing" as said "biology".
D)most men said "biology," and most women said "upbringing".

Question 38

In physiological and subjective responses to sexual stimuli,

A)men are more aroused than women.
B)women are more aroused than men.
C)men and women are more different than similar.
D)men and women are more similar than different.

Question 39

According to evolutionary psychologists,sex differences in behaviors relevant to mating and reproduction exist because

A)males outnumber females.
B)women's investment in childbearing is greater than men's.
C)males and females are socialized differently.
D)women's and men's desires vary widely.

Question 40

Both men and women desire _____ in their relationships.

A)youth
B)beauty
C)kindness and love
D)resources and protection

Question 41

Eagly and Wood (2013)theorized that in adult life the immediate causes of gender differences in social behavior are

A)the roles that reflect a sexual division of labor.
B)biologically-based differences in power and aggressiveness.
C)learned habits reinforced by social rewards like affection.
D)rules and laws that legislate and maintain the status quo.

Question 42

A very strong cultural norm dictates that males should be taller than their female mates.This height norm is cited in your text as evidence that

A)relationship behavior is influenced more by biology than culture.
B)gender roles are essentially cultural and thus completely arbitrary.
C)what is biologically "fit" may be culturally disastrous.
D)biology and culture interact to develop gender norms.