Deck 3: Self-Concept Who Am I

Question 1

_____ are mental templates by which we organize our worlds.

A)Concepts
B)Heuristics
C)Schemas
D)Perspectives

Answer 1

Schemas

Question 2

Your self-esteem would correlate closely with what others think of you and your group if you were in a(n)_____ culture.

A)individualistic
B)collectivistic
C)self-centered
D)other-centered

Answer 2

collectivistic

Question 3

Claire assumes that everyone in her class is able to notice her hate for her math teacher.She assumes that her emotions are easily detectable by everyone in her class.This is an example of

A)the illusion of transparency.
B)in-group bias.
C)impact bias.
D)the bandwagon effect.

Answer 3

the illusion of transparency.

Question 4

The concept of giving priority to one's own goals over group goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications is

A)high self-esteem.
B)low self-esteem.
C)individuality.
D)individualism.

Question 5

_____ is defined as the beliefs about the self that organize and guide the processing of self-relevant information.

A)Personality
B)Self-schema
C)Self-esteem
D)Self-concept

Question 6

A person from a(n)_____ culture is most likely to say,"Went to the movies," and a person from a(n)_____ culture is most likely to say,"I went to the movies."

A)individualistic; collectivistic
B)collectivistic; individualistic
C)self-centered; other-centered
D)other-centered; self-centered

Question 7

A study by Lawson (2010)had college students wear an "American Eagle" sweatshirt to a meeting with a group of peers.While _____ of these students were sure people would notice and remember the shirt,_____ did.

A)10 percent; 40 percent
B)20 percent; 60 percent
C)40 percent; 10 percent
D)60 percent; 20 percent

Question 8

A study by Gilovich et al.(2000)had undergraduate students enter a room wearing Barry Manilow T-shirts.Which of the following concepts did this study explore?

A)the transparency effect
B)the audience effect
C)the spotlight effect
D)the headlight effect

Question 9

Vincent assumes that everyone in his class is staring at his untidy shirt even though no one actually looked at it.This is an example of the

A)bandwagon effect.
B)contrast effect.
C)spotlight effect.
D)modality effect.

Question 10

You overhear a neighbor say that she believes that gay marriage should be illegal,and that she favors tax cuts for the wealthy.Knowing what you do about individualism and collectivism,you can conclude that your neighbor is likely to be a political

A)liberal.
B)conservative.
C)independent.
D)None of the answers is correct.

Question 11

Which of the following maxims best represents the concept of individualism?

A)Two heads are better than one.
B)To thine own self be true.
C)Father knows best.
D)It takes a village to raise a child.

Question 12

Assuming that everyone else is staring at the pimple on your chin is an example of the

A)transparency effect.
B)audience effect.
C)spotlight effect.
D)headlight effect.

Question 13

You overhear a neighbor say that she believes that gay marriage should be legal,and that she opposes tax cuts for the wealthy.Knowing what you do about individualism and collectivism,you can conclude that your neighbor is likely to be a political

A)liberal.
B)conservative.
C)independent.
D)None of the answers is correct.

Question 14

Giving priority to the goals of one's group,such as one's family or workplace,and defining one's identity accordingly is called

A)cooperation.
B)communality.
C)collectivism.
D)groupthink.

Question 15

A study by Gilovich et al.(2000)had undergraduate students enter a room wearing Barry Manilow T-shirts.Those wearing the T-shirts

A)thought no one would notice them.
B)overestimated how many peers would notice them.
C)underestimated how many peers would notice them.
D)were correct about how many peers would notice them.

Question 16

A person's completion of the phrase "I am _____" comprises his or her

A)personality.
B)self-schema.
C)self-esteem.
D)self-concept.

Question 17

Political conservatives tend to be economic _____ and moral _____.

A)individualists; collectivists
B)collectivists; individualists
C)progressives; traditionalists
D)traditionalists; progressives

Question 18

Political liberals tend to be economic _____ and moral _____.

A)individualists; collectivists
B)collectivists; individualists
C)progressives; traditionalists
D)traditionalists; progressives

Question 19

People belonging to individualistic cultures are most likely to

A)respect and identify with the group to which they belong.
B)be self-critical.
C)have an identity that is self-contained.
D)focus on establishing social connections with other people.

Question 20

In the United States,those living in Hawaii and the deep South exhibit more _____ than those living in the western mountain states.

A)individualism
B)collectivism
C)self-esteem
D)self awareness

Question 21

According to Woodzicka and LaFrance (2001),women reported that they would feel angry if asked sexually harassing questions during a job interview.When actually asked such questions,women more often experienced

A)anger.
B)rage.
C)fear.
D)submission.

Question 22

Which of the following statements represents the use of implicit attitude in an individual's decision-making process?

A)Sharon says that she followed her instincts in her decision to buy her new car.
B)Kenneth says that he browsed various internet forums to buy a book.
C)John says that he took the decision to buy a particular stock based on the input he received from his stockbroker.
D)Ramesh says that he took the decision to buy a piece of furniture based on the advice given by his father.

Question 23

People belonging to collectivistic cultures are most likely to

A)focus on personal spiritual growth and self-betterment.
B)be critical of people in the group to which they belong.
C)focus less on positive self-views.
D)be self-reliant.

Question 24

You just broke up with someone that you had been dating for a few months.You are surprised at how upset you are over the breakup given that the relationship was not that serious.This is an example of how people have difficulty predicting the

A)type of their future emotions.
B)duration of their future emotions.
C)frequency of their future emotions.
D)intensity of their future emotions.

Question 25

Collectivistic culture differs from individualistic culture in that in collectivistic culture

A)conversation is less direct and more polite.
B)people focus on making independent choices.
C)people approve of egotism.
D)self-esteem is more personal and less relational.

Question 26

Studies of "affective forecasting" required participants to predict their future

A)school performance.
B)family situation.
C)income.
D)emotions.

Question 27

Education and persuasion tend to change what type of attitudes?

A)internal attitudes
B)external attitudes
C)implicit attitudes
D)explicit attitudes

Question 28

When it comes to predicting the intensity and duration of our future emotions,research indicates that most people

A)excel.
B)experience great difficulty.
C)perform moderately well.
D)either excel or fail,depending on the situation.

Question 29

In what type of culture would a threat to our personal identity (such as having someone tell us we are dumb or weird)cause us to be more upset than a threat to our collective identity (such as having someone ridicule students)?

A)individualistic culture
B)collectivistic culture
C)self-centered culture
D)other-centered culture

Question 30

Nigel assumed that it would take him two weeks to complete his college project.However,it took him two months to complete his project.Nigel admits that he underestimated the time required to complete the project.This is an example of

A)the planning fallacy.
B)the bandwagon effect.
C)omission bias.
D)the false consensus effect.

Question 31

Practice that forms new habits,albeit slowly,tends to change what type of attitudes?

A)internal attitudes
B)external attitudes
C)implicit attitudes
D)explicit attitudes

Question 32

When asked to describe himself,Joe says he is part of a fraternity on campus,the son of Barbara and Kevin,and Sally's boyfriend.Kitayama and Markus would label Joe as displaying a(n)

A)transparent self.
B)independent self.
C)interdependent self.
D)construed self.

Question 33

Which of the following statements is true about predicting your own behaviors or relationships?

A)You are the best predictor of your own behaviors.
B)You can predict the fate of your relationships but not your behaviors.
C)The people who know you can probably predict your behaviors better than you.
D)Neither you nor the people who know you can predict your behaviors or the fates of your relationships.

Question 34

Kitayama and Markus (2000)found that for American students,happiness comes from feeling

A)close,friendly,and respectful.
B)effective,superior,and proud.
C)like part of a successful group.
D)included and wanted.

Question 35

According to Wilson and Gilbert (2003),people have the greatest difficulty predicting _____ of their emotions.

A)the intensity
B)the duration
C)both the intensity and the duration
D)neither the intensity nor the duration

Question 36

The state of a "dual attitude system" exists when we have differing _____ and _____ attitudes.

A)conscious; unconscious
B)internal; external
C)explicit: implicit
D)positive; negative

Question 37

Self-esteem is more personal and less relational in a(n)_____ culture.

A)individualistic
B)collectivistic
C)self-centered
D)other-centered