Deck 7: Cardiovascular Health

Question 1

Smoking contributes to approximately how many deaths each year in Canada?

A) 7000
B) 27000
C) 37000
D) 17000

Answer 1

37000

Question 2

A test that uses a computer to construct a picture of the brain using X-ray images is

A) an angiogram.
B) radionuclide imaging.
C) an MRI scan.
D) a CT scan.

Answer 2

a CT scan.

Question 3

For every kilogram increase in weight, the risk of diabetes increases by approximately ____________.

A) 5%
B) 9%
C) 17%
D) 30%

Answer 3

9%

Question 4

Among the following treatment options for mild to moderate hypertension, which should be the LAST option tried, after the others have failed to produce an improvement?

A) drug therapy
B) reduced salt intake
C) weight loss
D) change in exercise habits

Question 5

First Nations adults with diabetes are times as likely to have heart diseases as their counterparts without diabetes.

A) 2
B) 4
C) 8
D) 10

Question 6

TIAs (transient ischemic attacks)

A) are also known as ministrokes.
B) usually occur after a major stroke.
C) require bed rest following an attack.
D) produce permanent paralysis.

Question 7

Which of the following fats also contains cholesterol?

A) margarine
B) olive oil
C) butter
D) corn oil

Question 8

Blood viscosity can be reduced by

A) menopause.
B) limiting fluid intake.
C) donating blood regularly.
D) taking iron supplements.

Question 9

What type of stroke is caused by the rupture of a blood vessel on the brain's surface resulting in bleeding into the space between the brain and the skull?

A) subarachnoid hemorrhage
B) embolic
C) thrombotic
D) ischemic

Question 10

The portion of the circulation governed by the right side of the heart is the _______________ circulation.

A) extremity
B) pulmonary
C) cerebral
D) systemic

Question 11

All of the following increase risk for cardiovascular disease, EXCEPT

A) low socioeconomic status.
B) high educational attainment.
C) social isolation.
D) alcohol abuse.

Question 12

Exercise alters blood fat levels by

A) raising HDL levels.
B) raising triglyceride levels.
C) lowering HDL levels.
D) raising LDL levels.

Question 13

High uric acid levels in the blood may cause all of the following, EXCEPT

A) hypertension.
B) diabetes.
C) gout.
D) kidney stones.

Question 14

Which of the following does NOT raise triglyceride levels?

A) excess body fat
B) physical inactivity
C) very low carbohydrate diet
D) cigarette smoking

Question 15

Evidence suggests that after a heart attack the risk of rises.

A) obesity
B) high blood pressure
C) cancer
D) diabetes

Question 16

It is estimated that patients can reduce their risk for heart attack by 2 percent for every _____ percent they reduce their total cholesterol.

A) 4
B) 8
C) 1
D) 2

Question 17

A slightly higher intake of unsaturated fats may be recommended for people with

A) hypertension.
B) high HDL levels.
C) low triglyceride levels.
D) metabolic syndrome.

Question 18

A cerebrovascular accident is another name for a

A) ruptured blood vessel.
B) stroke.
C) cerebral hematoma.
D) cerebral thrombosis.

Question 19

The form of cholesterol that carries cholesterol out from the liver to other parts of the body and leads to cholesterol deposits on the artery walls is

A) LDL.
B) triglyceride.
C) VLDL.
D) HDL.

Question 20

The risk of death from coronary heart disease increases up to among those exposed to environmental tobacco smoke.

A) 10%
B) 15%
C) 25%
D) 30%

Question 21

Rheumatic fever is a disease process that begins with

A) strep throat.
B) influenza.
C) a viral infection.
D) staph infection.

Question 22

Which of the following is a treatment for heart disease?

A) balloon angioplasty
B) angiogram
C) electrocardiogram
D) angina pectoris

Question 23

Consuming aspirin on a regular basis reduces the risk of

A) ulcers.
B) gastrointestinal bleeding.
C) hemorrhagic stroke.
D) platelets forming clots.

Question 24

Diabetics also have higher rates of all of the following, EXCEPT

A) atherosclerosis.
B) obesity.
C) dermatitis.
D) hypertension.

Question 25

Daily oral aspirin is recommended for all of the following patients, EXCEPT those having had experienced

A) a prior MI.
B) unstable angina.
C) a prior ulcer.
D) a prior stroke.

Question 26

Approximately what percentage of Canadians have metabolic syndrome?

A) 11%
B) 19%
C) 15%
D) 27%

Question 27

What is thought to be the closest thing we have to a magic bullet against heart disease?

A) aspirin
B) exercise
C) red wine
D) weight loss

Question 28

Which of the following statements is TRUE about rheumatic fever?

A) It affects mostly older adults.
B) It occurs because of untreated diabetes.
C) It permanently damages the liver.
D) The incidence of it has declined significantly in Canada since introduction of antibiotics.

Question 29

Adequate potassium intake is grams per day.

A) 2.2
B) 4.7
C) 6.9
D) 10.7

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT a heart-healthy food choice?

A) beet greens
B) cookies
C) spinach
D) walnuts

Question 31

The two upper chambers of the heart in which blood collects before passing to the lower chambers are called

A) ventricles.
B) valves.
C) atria.
D) septum.

Question 32

The small blood vessels that connect the arteries and veins are the

A) arterioles.
B) capillaries.
C) venules.
D) vascules.

Question 33

The most common congenital heart defect in children is

A) transposition of the aorta and pulmonary artery.
B) underdeveloped left side of the heart.
C) coarctation of the vena cava.
D) holes in the wall that divides the ventricles or atria.

Question 34

Which of the following combinations would place someone at greatest risk for cardiovascular disease?

A) high HDL and low LDL
B) low HDL and low LDL
C) high HDL and high LDL
D) low HDL and high LDL

Question 35

Arnold is 56 years old and considers himself to be in good health. He has a family history of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. He recently had a routine physical exam. He was told that his blood pressure was 130/85, his total cholesterol was 8 mmol/L (LDL was 7 and HDL was 1), and his glucose levels were normal. Arnold was also informed that his weight of 190 pounds made him about 10 pounds overweight. Arnold's physician expressed some concern about the results of the exam. What finding is most likely the key cause of her concern?

A) Arnold's cholesterol levels
B) Arnold's weight
C) Arnold's blood pressure
D) Arnold's age

Question 36

Chest pain caused by lack of oxygen to the heart is called

A) infarction.
B) angina.
C) hypertension.
D) thrombosis.

Question 37

A test that measures the electrical activity of the heart is called a(n)

A) coronary arteriogram.
B) electroencephalogram.
C) echocardiogram.
D) electrocardiogram.

Question 38

Congestive heart failure is

A) a condition caused by the heart's inability to maintain its regular pumping force.
B) severe chest pain caused by insufficient blood supply to the heart.
C) sustained abnormally high blood pressure.
D) thickening of artery walls by deposits of fatty substances.

Question 39

Sustained high blood pressure is an indicator of

A) emotional stress.
B) an unhealthy ratio of HDLs to LDLs.
C) heart strength.
D) excessive force being exerted against artery walls.

Question 40

The recommended level of LDL cholesterol for adults is

A) between 2.6 and 3.3 mmol/L.
B) less than 1 mmol/L.
C) between 3.3 and 4.9 mmol/L.
D) 5 mmol/L or more.

Question 41

Which of the following statements about taking aspirin is false?

A) It has an anticlotting effect.
B) It reduces inflammation.
C) It decreases adhesiveness of platelets.
D) It can affect blood cholesterol levels.

Question 42

What is the estimated annual financial burden of CVD in Canada?

A) 31 billion
B) 11 billion
C) 21 billion
D) 5 billion

Question 43

Men have a greater risk of heart attack and stroke than women do because

A) women have larger coronary arteries than men do.
B) fewer women than men have hypertension.
C) men have more severe heart attacks than women do.
D) premenopausal women seem to be protected from heart disease by estrogen.

Question 44

Atherosclerosis is

A) the thickening of artery walls by deposits of fatty substances.
B) a condition resulting from the heart's inability to maintain its regular pumping force.
C) severe chest pain caused by insufficient blood supply to the heart.
D) sustained, abnormally high blood pressure.

Question 45

C-reactive protein is released into the bloodstream in response to

A) inflammation.
B) free radicals.
C) phytochemicals.
D) antioxidants.

Question 46

Approximately what percentage of Canadian adults have hypertension?

A) 10%
B) 15%
C) 20%
D) 25%

Question 47

The most common type of heart valve disorder

A) usually affects exercise ability.
B) involves the mitral valve.
C) is treated with surgery in the majority of cases.
D) is very likely to cause symptoms.

Question 48

Angina pectoris is caused by

A) a need for oxygen in the heart that exceeds supply.
B) sustained high blood pressure.
C) a disruption of the electrical system of the heart.
D) the complete blockage of a coronary artery.

Question 49

Which of the following statements about gender and CVD is true?

A) In Canada, CVD is the leading killer of men but not of women.
B) The incidence of hypertension is higher in women than in men before age 55.
C) Estrogen may offer premenopausal women some protection against CVD.
D) Women are more likely than men to have classic heart attack symptoms like chest pain.

Question 50

When a coronary artery becomes blocked, the result is

A) arrhythmia.
B) an obstructive embolism.
C) a heart attack.
D) angina.

Question 51

A blood-filled pocket bulging out from a weak spot in the artery wall is called a(n)

A) thrombus.
B) embolism.
C) fibrillation.
D) aneurysm.

Question 52

The arteries that branch from the aorta and provide blood to the heart muscle itself are _______________ arteries.

A) femoral
B) coronary
C) systemic
D) pulmonary

Question 53

The College of Family Physicians of Canada recommends all adults over age talk with their physician about whether cholesterol testing is appropriate for them.

A) 40
B) 20
C) 30
D) 50

Question 54

Which one of the following factors is not associated with elevated levels of homocysteine?

A) low intake of folic acid
B) low intake of vitamin B-6
C) being female
D) low intake of vitamin B-12

Question 55

Cholesterol is an important component of each of the following, EXCEPT

A) fluid that coats the liver.
B) sex hormones.
C) cell membranes.
D) protective nerve sheaths.

Question 56

The LDL particle size that poses the greatest risk for CVD is

A) pattern A.
B) pattern B.
C) pattern C.
D) pattern D.

Question 57

Approximately what percentage of Canadians that have a heart attack are 65 years of age and older?

A) 50%
B) 65%
C) 85%
D) 90%

Question 58

Which of the following is a noninvasive test that evaluates CVD by using sound waves to examine the heart?

A) electron-beam computed tomography
B) angioplasty
C) magnetic resonance imaging
D) echocardiography

Question 59

Arnold is 56 years old and considers himself to be in good health. He has a family history of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. He recently had a routine physical exam. He was told that his blood pressure was 130/85, his total cholesterol was 8 mmol/L (LDL was 7 and HDL was 1), and his glucose levels were normal. Arnold was also informed that his weight of 190 pounds made him about 10 pounds overweight. What is the nature of the physician's concern?

A) Arnold's risk for heart valve problems
B) Arnold's risk for coronary heart disease
C) Arnold's risk for diabetes
D) Arnold's risk for obesity

Question 60

Which of the following is associated with metabolic syndrome?

A) low triglycerides
B) insulin resistance
C) low blood pressure
D) high HDL

Question 61

Atherosclerosis is most closely associated with which type of stroke?

A) embolic
B) thrombotic
C) infarct
D) hemorrhagic

Question 62

Symptoms of a myocardial infarction include

A) low back pain.
B) sore throat.
C) headache.
D) difficulty breathing.

Question 63

Repeat clogging of an artery after balloon angioplasty is called

A) rethrombus.
B) angiography.
C) edema.
D) restenosis.

Question 64

A desirable level of total cholesterol for adults is less than mmol/L.

A) 8
B) 4
C) 6
D) 10

Question 65

Sudden cardiac death most often occurs because of

A) low blood pressure.
B) arrhythmia.
C) blocked cerebral arteries.
D) coronary thrombosis.

Question 66

Recent research concluded that which of the following is TRUE about taking vitamin E supplements?

A) Vitamin E supplements provide no protection against heart disease in men.
B) All adults should take additional vitamin E supplements.
C) Vitamin E supplements prevent heart disease.
D) Vitamin E supplements can reduce blood cholesterol levels.

Question 67

Hypertension probably contributes to atherosclerosis by

A) affecting sodium balance in the body.
B) causing injury to the artery walls.
C) dilating arteries.
D) influencing cholesterol levels.

Question 68

Higher homocysteine levels are found in individuals with diets low in all of the following, EXCEPT

A) Vitamin B3
B) Vitamin B12
C) Folic acid
D) Vitamin B6

Question 69

Blood cell fragments that are necessary for the clotting of blood are called

A) leukocytes.
B) macrophages.
C) erythrocytes.
D) platelets.

Question 70

When the heart contracts, called ____________, blood pressure ; when the heart relaxes, called ____________, blood pressure _.

A) systole; increases; diastole; decreases
B) diastole; decreases; systole; increases
C) systole; decreases; diastole; increases
D) diastole; increases; systole; decreases

Question 71

What is the number-one killer of Canadian women?

A) cancer
B) heart disease
C) stroke
D) accidents

Question 72

Which of the following is TRUE about homocysteine?

A) It is another type of cholesterol, similar to triglycerides.
B) It helps repair the linings of arteries.
C) Levels are higher in women than in men.
D) Levels are higher in people whose diets are low in folic acid.

Question 73

An arrhythmia is

A) another name for high blood pressure.
B) a blood clot found near the heart.
C) a ruptured blood vessel.
D) an irregular heartbeat.

Question 74

Nutritional experts recommend that saturated fat intake should be of total daily calories.

A) 2%
B) 35% or less
C) 30% or less
D) 7% or less

Question 75

Which of the following is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids?

A) kidney beans
B) egg whites
C) salmon
D) pork chops

Question 76

How many chambers does the heart contain?

A) four
B) two
C) three
D) six

Question 77

The recommended level of HDL cholesterol for adults is

A) less than 2.6 mmol/L.
B) less than 1.6 mmol/L.
C) above 2.6 mmol/L.
D) above 1.6 mmol/L.

Question 78

Cardiovascular disease in children is usually the result of

A) childhood obesity.
B) rheumatic heart disease.
C) congestive heart failure.
D) congenital heart defect.

Question 79

Abdominal obesity is defined as having a waist circumference greater than centimetres in women.

A) 95
B) 102
C) 88
D) 110

Question 80

All of the following CVD risk factors can be changed, EXCEPT

A) physical inactivity.
B) cholesterol levels.
C) cigarette smoking.
D) family history of CVD.