Deck 6: Autism Spectrum Disorder

Question 1

According to the most recent data from the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, approximately ___% of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder have IQ scores in the Intellectual Disability range .

A)80%
B)60%
C)40%
D)20%

Answer 1

40%

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT an essential feature of Autism Spectrum Disorder?

A)Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior.
B)Restricted, repetitive interests or activities.
C)Impairments in language.
D)Impairments in social communication.

Answer 2

Impairments in language

Question 3

Which of the following therapies DOES NOT have limited empirical support as a treatment for autism in school age children?

A)Motor training
B)Pivotal response training
C)Music therapy
D)Auditory integration training

Answer 3

Pivotal response training

Question 4

Which of the following statements about tics is true?

A)Vocal tics (e.g., clicks, grunts) are more common than motor tics.
B)Approximately 50% of youth with autism have at least one tiC)
C)Tourette's syndrome is defined by the presence of coprolalia, that is, the involuntary utterance of obscenities.
D)Tics and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) may have similar underlying causes.

Question 5

Simon Baron-Cohen (2005) and other researchers have argued that children with Autism Spectrum Disorder show deficits in the "social brain" that explain their problems with social communication. Which of the following brain regions is usually NOT considered a component of the "social brain?"

A)Amygdala
B)Fusiform gyrus
C)Prefrontal cortex
D)Striatum

Question 6

According to DSM-5, which of the following would probably NOT be considered a "restrictive, repetitive pattern of behavior, interests, or activities?"

A)Stereotyped movements or gestures
B)Repeating words of phrases
C)Consistently avoiding eye contact
D)Lack of sensitivity to pain

Question 7

Which of the following differentiates EIBI from Pivotal Response Training (PRT)?

A)EIBI is administered at home whereas PRT is administered in a school setting.
B)EIBI is behaviorally based whereas PRT uses tactics drawn from cognitive and family systems therapy.
C)In EIBI, the therapist focuses on overt behavior whereas in PRT the therapist of the child's language and communication skills.
D)In EIBI, the therapist selects the focus of the interaction whereas in PRT the child directs the action.

Question 8

Which of the following statements regarding academic inclusion is true?

A)Randomized controlled studies indicate that academic inclusion is one of the most efficacious educational interventions for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
B)Academic inclusion seems to improve the self-esteem of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder which, in turn, increases their academic performance.
C)Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder who are educated with typically developing peers tend to score 25-30 IQ points higher than children with autism who are educated with other children with disabilities.
D)Unless teachers and peers receive training, academic inclusion is not consistently associated with benefits to children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Question 9

According to the most recent data from the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, approximately ___ of children in the United States meet criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder.

A)1 in 55
B)1 in 88
C)1 in 144
D)1 in 222

Question 10

Which of the following provides the best evidence supporting Baron-Cohen's (1995) theory of mind-blindness?

A)The majority of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder are diagnosed with Intellectual Disability.
B)Infants later diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder often show social deficits in infancy.
C)People with Autism Spectrum Disorder often show hypoactivity of the prefrontal cortex.
D)Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder often show a lack of empathy.

Question 11

Autism Spectrum Disorder was first described independently by Hans Asperger and Leo Kanner. Which of the following statements best summarizes the main difference between Asperger's description and Kanner's description of the disorder?

A)The children Asperger described had few impairments in language, whereas the children Kanner described had severe language impairment.
B)The children Asperger described has significantly lower intelligence scores than the children Kanner describeD)
C)Asperger attributed Autism Spectrum Disorder to cold, distant parenting behavior, whereas Kanner attributed the disorder to brain structure and functioning.
D)Asperger believed that the disorder was caused by deficits in the "social brain," especially the right fusiform gyrus, whereas Kanner believed the disorder was caused by both genetic and environmental factors.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true regarding the epidemiology of Autism Spectrum Disorder?

A)Autism Spectrum Disorder is more prevalent among White children than African American children.
B)Autism Spectrum Disorder is more prevalent among children from low-income families than middle- or high-income families.
C)Girls are approximately 3-4 times more likely to be diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder than boys.
D)Children who received the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine in infancy are more likely to develop Autism Spectrum Disorder than children who dis not receive the vaccine in infancy.

Question 13

In DSM-5, clinicians are encouraged to describe children with Autism Spectrum Disorder using several specifiers. Which of the following is NOT a specifier for Autism Spectrum Disorder?

A)If the child has unusual sensitivity to sounds, tastes, or textures
B)If the child has co-occurring Intellectual Disability
C)If the child has a co-occurring mental disorder
D)If the child's Autism Spectrum Disorder is associated with a known genetic condition

Question 14

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a neuroimaging technique that has been used to examine possible brain abnormalities associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder. What does DTI measure?

A)Water molecules in brain tissue
B)Electrical activity of nerve impulses
C)Magnetic polarization of individual cells
D)The ratio of specific neuronal activity to global neuronal activity

Question 15

Which of the followed provides the clearest example of abnormal prosody?

A)A child saying "He wants a toy" when he means to say "I want a toy."
B)A child speaking in a robotic tone-of-voice.
C)A child responding to a question tangentially.
D)A child repeating part, or all, of someone's question.