Deck 5: Intersecting Identities

Question 1

Which of the following accurately reflects linkages between SES, race, and health?

A)Institutionalized discrimination prevents ethnic minorities from gaining upward social mobility, which compromises their health outcomes
B)Stress from racial discrimination is negatively correlated with ethnic minorities' perceptions of overall health and well-being
C)Low SES ethnic minorities may have shortened lifespan due to heightened exposure to stressors resulting from social stratification.
D)All of the above

Answer 1

All of the above

Question 2

A Latino male concerned with harmonious family relationships and balance between work and family can best be categorized under what time of machismo?

A)Traditional machismo
B)Contemporary machismo
C)Compassionate machismo
D)None of the above

Answer 2

Contemporary machismo

Question 3

_______ is/are related to self-esteem through _________, which are a set of beliefs and emotional responses related to race that individuals are socialized to during their development.

A)Ethnic identity…racist schemas
B)Self-efficacy…ethnic identity schemas
C)Controlling images…ethnocentric schemas
D)Racial identity…racial identity schemas

Answer 3

Racial identity…racial identity schemas

Question 4

Which of the following are valid evaluations of Cross's original model of nigresence?

A)Proposed stages are too rigid
B)Stages are more complex than originally thought
C)Internalization and internalization-commitment stages are too similar
D)All of the above

Question 5

Which of the following statements BEST reflects the difference between sexual identity and gender identity?

A)Sexual identity refers to an individual's anatomical characteristics, whereas gender identity refers to an individual's sense of being a man or woman
B)Sexual identity is a relatively new concept arising out of decades of research in gender identity
C)Gender identity is an individual's sense of being male or female, whereas sexual identity is an individual's sexual, emotional, and erotic attractions.
D)Sexual identity is a subcategory of gender identity

Question 6

Which of the following biracial identity phases is NOT outlined by Collins 2000)?

A)Internalization and commitment
B)Refusal and suppression
C)Questioning and confusion
D)Resolution and acceptance

Question 7

Which of the following cultural factors is NOT a complication in the coming out process for Asian Americans?

A)Distinctions between private vs.public selves
B)Familial obligation
C)Loss of face
D)Low context communication

Question 8

_________ are typically negative racial and gender representations used to subordinate minority groups.

A)Controlling images
B)Restrictive images
C)Limiting images
D)Malignant images

Question 9

Multiracial individuals often face the challenge of finding someone who can help them with their identity search.This presents what type of complication that may hinder their multiracial identity development?

A)Lack of role models
B)Difficulties in educational attainment
C)Exoticization of multiracial individuals
D)High percentage of single-parent households

Question 10

Which of the following examples do NOT reflect objective social status?

A)Individual's income
B)Perceived social status
C)Education level
D)Occupation

Question 11

In which of Cross's stages of racial identity formation does an individual accept his/her racial identity on an emotional and intellectual level?

A)Pre-encounter stage
B)Encounter stage
C)Internalization
D)Immersion-emersion

Question 12

Which of the following may lead to poor self-esteem?
I.Minority status
II.Racial stigmatization
III.Strong ethnic identity

A)I and III only
B)II and III only
C)I and II only
D)I, II, and III

Question 13

Multiracial experiences cannot be fully elucidated based on current models of racial identity because ________.

A)Current models are based on monoracial experiences
B)Multiracial experiences are transient and difficult to capture
C)Contemporary research utilizes outdated measurements
D)Current models, although based on multiracial populations, are ethnocentric

Question 14

Which of the following statements BEST reflects identity formation and identity integration?

A)Identity formation occurs after identity integration
B)Identity integration is an individual's acceptance of his/her identity, whereas identity formation is an individual's initial awareness of his identity
C)Identity formation only occurs for individuals who have not experienced identity integration
D)Identity integration reflects an individual's awareness of his/her identity, whereas identity formation reflects the process of an individual's personal identity development

Question 15

Practicing and learning about one's own cultural traditions and holidays, and talking to family and community members about one's own heritage assists in the _______ aspect of ethnic identity.

A)Exploration
B)Self-categorization and labeling
C)Commitment and attachment
D)Values and beliefs

Question 16

Which of the following statements does NOT reflect intersecting identities?

A)Intersecting identities can be captured statistically by means of "interaction effects"
B)African American women tend to show more critical understanding of the origins and extent of gender inequality than European American men
C)Intersecting identities are not typically found in ethnic minority groups because of their heterogeneous characteristics.
D)Intersecting identities may lead to multiple minority statuses

Question 17

Depending on a number of factors, a person of Chinese descent might identify him/herself as Chinese American, Asian American, Asian Pacific Islander, or Chinese.This provides a problem in which of the following concepts?

A)Self-categorization and labeling
B)Commitment and attachment
C)Ethnic behaviors
D)Evaluation and in-group attitudes

Question 18

Which of the following statements BEST reflects "sexual identity?"

A)An individual's identification with masculine or feminine gender roles
B)An individual's anatomical sexual characteristics
C)Includes a specific set of sexual, emotional, and erotic attractions that are attached to gender.
D)Include a wide range of sexual, emotional, and erotic attractions existing in individuals

Question 19

Which of the following statements BEST reflects "gender typing?"

A)Process of learning behaviors, interests, and abilities associated with being masculine or feminine
B)An individual's biological sex.
C)Process of identifying oneself with being masculine or feminine
D)An individual's contradictory feelings of being male or female

Question 20

_________ is the process of learning about socially constructed racial hierarchies and categories.

A)Racial socialization
B)Racial identity
C)Racial biases
D)Cultural socialization