Deck 4: Bonds an Introduction to the Forces Within Substances

Question 1

Choose the true statement.

A)The core electrons in an atom are the ones that participate in chemical reactions.
B)The valence electrons in an atom are more reactive than the core electrons.
C)Each energy level holds 8 electrons.
D)The least stable family is the family of noble gases.

Answer 1

The valence electrons in an atom are more reactive than the core electrons.

Question 2

What is special about the number of electrons that each noble gas contains?

A)It is the maximum for a particular energy level.
B)It is the minimum for a particular energy level
C)Noble gases need to undergo chemical reactions to gain more electrons.
D)None of the above.

Answer 2

It is the maximum for a particular energy level.

Question 3

If an atom obeys the octet rule it means that

A)it has a total of 8 electrons.
B)it has 8 valence electrons.
C)it has 8 protons.
D)it has 8 particles in the nucleus.

Answer 3

it has 8 valence electrons.

Question 4

How many electrons will calcium gain or lose to obtain a noble gas configuration of electrons?

A)gain 16
B)lose 12
C)lose 2
D)gain 4

Question 5

The distribution of __________ in an atom determines the stability of that atom.

A)protons
B)physical properties
C)neutrons
D)electrons

Question 6

How many electrons can the third energy level hold, maximum?

A)2
B)8
C)10
D)18
E)32

Question 7

The driving force that causes atoms to react with one another is the desire for an increase in

A)the number of electrons.
B)stability.
C)the size of the atom.
D)metallic property of the atom.

Question 8

How many electrons will nitrogen gain or lose to obtain a noble gas configuration of electrons?

A)gain 4
B)lose 5
C)lose 7
D)gain 3

Question 9

How many dots would be placed around the Si symbol in its Lewis dot structure?

A)1
B)2
C)4
D)6

Question 10

How many core electrons and how many valence electrons do atoms of Se possess?

A)18 core and 16 valence
B)28 core and 6 valence
C)26 core and 8 valence
D)79 core and 34 valence

Question 11

As you move from left to right across the periodic table, each element has one more ________ than the element before it.

A)family
B)atom
C)electron
D)neutron
E)energy level

Question 12

Which family of elements doesn't react easily with other elements?

A)the halogens
B)the noble gases
C)the alkali metals
D)the alkali earth metals
E)the transition metals

Question 13

Which of the following elements is a noble gas?

A)Br₂
B)O₂
C)Xe
D)I₂
E)H₂

Question 14

The outermost electrons of an atom, the ones that participate in chemical reactions, are called _______ electrons.

A)core
B)valence
C)stable
D)reactive
E)shell

Question 15

Choose the false statement.

A)When determining the number of valence electrons in an element in Period 4 or below, we include the transition elements.
B)The noble gases are the most stable family on the periodic table
C)The first energy level contains two electrons
D)As you go from left to right across the periodic table, each element has one more proton and one more electron than the element before it.

Question 16

How many electrons can the fourth energy level hold, maximum?

A)2
B)8
C)10
D)18
E)32

Question 17

Choose the element whose valence electrons would be hardest to remove in a chemical reaction.

A)Na
B)K
C)Rb
D)Cs

Question 18

How many core electrons and how many valence electrons do atoms of Sr possess?

A)38 core and 87 valence
B)32 core and 8 valence
C)36 core and 2 valence
D)18 core and 20 valence

Question 19

Choose the element whose valence electrons would be easiest to remove in a chemical reaction.

A)O
B)Se
C)S
D)Te

Question 20

A certain atom has 10 core electrons and 5 valence electrons.Identify the element.

A)O
B)N
C)S
D)P

Question 21

Write the formula for the salt that forms from the following pair of elements: potassium (K)and nitrogen (N).

A)KN
B)KN₃
C)K₂N
D)K₃N

Question 22

A bond between calcium and iodine would be

A)nonpolar covalent.
B)polar covalent.
C)metallic.
D)ionic.

Question 23

Write the formula for the salt that forms from the following pair of elements: sodium (Na)and oxygen (O).

A)NaO₂
B)NaO
C)Na₂O
D)Na₆O

Question 24

The type of bond that exists between two fluorine atoms in a molecule of diatomic fluorine is

A)a covalent bond.
B)a diatomic bond.
C)an ionic bond.
D)a dispersion bond.

Question 25

Some think that clothing embedded with silver is unsafe because

A)silver is a heavy metal that can be toxic after long periods of exposure.
B)silver from the clothing can make its way to natural waters where it can cause mutations in fish.
C)silver can become volatile when released into the air.This type of silver has many effects on human health.
D)the clothing breaks down easily and can release mutated bacteria and fungi into the environment.

Question 26

Choose the false statement.

A)The formula for a salt tells exactly how many ions of each element a salt contains.
B)The formula for a salt indicates the ratio of one element to another, in small whole numbers.
C)Salts exist in a crystal lattice structure.
D)Salts contain ionic bonds.

Question 27

An atom of phosphorus would be most likely gain or lose electrons to become a________ ion.

A)P^5-
B)P^3-
C)P³⁺
D)P^4-

Question 28

In order to kill bacteria and fungi, clothing is often embedded with

A)finely ground, combusted charcoal
B)silver nanoparticles
C)buckyballs
D)neoprene

Question 29

An oxygen ion will have the same number of electrons as which of the following noble gases?

A)He
B)Ne
C)Ar
D)Kr
E)Xe

Question 30

In order for the silver particles that are embedded in clothing to work, they must be "activated." What is necessary to do this?

A)heat
B)acid
C)air
D)lemon juice

Question 31

In which of the following bonds are electrons NOT shared?

A)nonpolar covalent bonds
B)polar covalent bonds
C)ionic bonds
D)metallic bonds

Question 32

Which of the following elements will form an anion?

A)Na
B)He
C)Zn
D)Pb
E)Br

Question 33

Write the formula for the salt that forms from the following pair of elements: calcium (Ca)and chlorine (Cl).

A)CaCl
B)CaCl₂
C)Ca₂Cl
D)Ca₂Cl₂

Question 34

A control experiment is one

A)that is repeated at least three times.
B)in which most of the variables are tightly controlled so that the effect of changing one variable can be determined.
C)that is tightly sealed and not exposed to oxygen so that the effect of oxygen on the experimental variables can be determined.
D)that produces an "xy" plot.

Question 35

Which of the following ions would be unlikely to exist, based on the octet rule?

A)S^3-
B)Mg²⁺
C)Ca²⁺
D)Na¹⁺
E)F^-

Question 36

Which is an example of a diatomic molecule?

A)H₂O
B)N₂
C)He
D)CO₂

Question 37

Another name for an ionic compound is

A)a diatomic compound.
B)a polyatomic ion.
C)a salt.
D)a nonmetal.
E)none of these.

Question 38

Which of the following elements will form a cation?

A)Ne
B)Ca
C)N
D)O
E)Cl

Question 39

Write the formula for the salt that forms from the following pair of elements: aluminum (Al)and bromine (Br).

A)Al₃Br
B)AlBr₂
C)AlBr
D)AlBr₃

Question 40

The bond that forms between which of the pairs listed would be ionic?

A)N and F
B)Na and N
C)Br and Br
D)O and C

Question 41

The sharing of two electrons between a pair of atoms is referred to as

A)the octet rule.
B)a covalent bond.
C)an ionic bond.
D)a crystal lattice.
E)a nanoparticle.

Question 42

How many total electrons are shared between the atoms in a water molecule, H₂O?

A)2
B)4
C)14
D)12

Question 43

If a bond between two atoms involves an equal sharing of electrons between the two atoms, the bond is said to be

A)even.
B)ionic.
C)metallic.
D)nonpolar.

Question 44

How many electrons does each atom in the O₂ molecule have once bonds form between the two individual oxygen atoms?

A)6
B)12
C)8
D)32

Question 45

In a solid metal, the type of bonding that exists can be described

A)as a sea of free electrons moving between the atoms.
B)as a transfer of electrons from one atom to another.
C)as the sharing of electrons between adjacent atoms.
D)as the localization of electrons around the more positive element.

Question 46

A "sea of electrons" normally exists in

A)noble gases.
B)metals.
C)nonpolar covalent molecules.
D)ionic salts.

Question 47

Which of the following pairs of atoms would be most likely to form a bond that is a polar covalent bond?

A)H and H
B)Ca and Cl
C)N and O
D)Li and Br
E)F and F

Question 48

An atom of chlorine will ____________ to achieve a noble gas configuration and become an ion.

A)lose 7 electrons
B)gain one electron
C)lose 5 electrons
D)gain 5 electrons

Question 49

Which pair of elements would form the least polar bond?

A)Cl and Br
B)N and S
C)Ca and F
D)H and H

Question 50

Which one of the following elements does not exist naturally as a diatomic molecule?

A)N
B)O
C)F
D)H
E)C

Question 51

In a polar covalent bond,

A)electrons are shared between two of the same type of atom.
B)there is an uneven distribution of electron density between two atoms.
C)electrons are sometimes "split" so that part goes to one atom and another part goes to another atom.
D)there are more protons than electrons between two atoms.