Deck 1: The Story of Chemistry the Scientific Method Think, Measure, Rethink

Question 1

Express the following value in scientific notation: 0.000145

A)145 × 10³
B)1.45 × 10^-4
C)1.5 × 10⁵
D)14.5 × 10^-4

Answer 1

1.45 × 10^-4

Question 2

Which is the largest?

A)1000 L
B)1.0 × 10⁸ mL
C)1.0 × 10¹⁰ μL
D)1.0 × 10¹² nL

Answer 2

1.0 × 10⁸ mL

Question 3

Which statement is false?

A)The first step of the scientific method is observation.
B)A theory is proven through extensive experimentation.
C)Peer reviewers read an article that a scientist has written and provide feedback to the author.
D)Each scientist working on a problem usually only works on one small part of a problem.

Answer 3

A theory is proven through extensive experimentation.

Question 4

Following the step in which a scientist runs experiments and analyzes data, he or she is ready to

A)create a hypothesis.
B)develop a theory.
C)make observations.
D)perform additional experiments.

Question 5

Scientific notation is used frequently in chemistry because

A)scientists prefer to write numbers this way because they are easier to enter into a calculator.
B)atoms and molecules are very small.Scientific notation makes it easier to refer to things that are very large or small.
C)it is required in order to submit papers to international journals.
D)it allows for the use of significant figures.

Question 6

Which ONE of the following is the correct way to represent this value in scientific notation? 960,000,000,000

A)96 × 10⁹
B)9.6 × 10⁹
C)0.96 × 10⁹
D)9.6 × 10¹¹

Question 7

Assuming that there are 25 steps between each level of a skyscraper and 35 floors in the skyscraper, how many steps are there in the building, total?

A)60 steps
B)875 steps
C)49 steps
D)25 steps

Question 8

Write the following in decimal format: 4.6 × 10⁴

A)460000
B)4000
C)46000
D)4006

Question 9

The value 345606000000 expressed using scientific notation would contain what value in the exponential part?

A)10⁶
B)10¹¹
C)10^-11
D)10^-7

Question 10

Assuming that a mosquito holds 2.2 × 10³ µL of blood, how much blood could 5.0 × 10⁶ mosquitos hold, total?

A)1.1 × 10¹⁰ µL
B)2.3 × 10³ µL
C)4.4 × 10^-4 µL
D)5.0 × 10⁶ µL

Question 11

Based on the events that followed a tsunami near Japan which severely damaged the Fukishima power plant on March 11, 2011 the country of __________ decided to permanently close all its nuclear power plants by the year 2022.

A)France
B)Japan
C)United States
D)Germany

Question 12

What is the purpose of a model in chemistry?

A)To represent nature in a way that is easier to see or understand
B)To make something that is normally small much larger
C)To create something that can be drawn on paper
D)To make something that can be modified using computer software

Question 13

If there are 35,000,000,000,000 butterflies in the sky, how many moles of butterflies are in the sky?

A)2.1 × 10³⁷ moles of butterflies
B)2.4 × 10²³ moles of butterflies
C)1.7 × 10¹⁰ moles of butterflies
D)5.8 × 10^-11 moles of butterflies

Question 14

If it takes Jake 3.1 minutes to read a page in a novel, how many hours will it take him to read a 432-page novel, assuming he doesn't take any breaks?

A)1.3 × 10³ hours
B)7.2 hours
C)22 hours
D)1.4 × 10² hours

Question 15

A hypothesis is

A)a set of experiments that are performed.
B)a detailed explanation of experimental results.
C)an initial best guess about some observation concerning nature.
D)a close scrutiny of data obtained during the course of experimentation.

Question 16

Which of the following would not be classified as a scientific hypothesis?

A)Tea is sweeter when made by using aspartame in place of sugar.
B)A person can lose weight more quickly by combining exercise and calorie restriction than by calorie restriction alone.
C)Dogs are better pets than cats.
D)Grass fed beef has a lower fat content than beef produced from feed lot cows.

Question 17

A value is expressed using scientific notation.The exponential part is written as 10^-6.What is true about this value?

A)It is 60 times larger than one.
B)It is a million times smaller than one.
C)It is a million times larger than one.
D)It is 60 times smaller than one.

Question 18

The smallest unit of matter which cannot be broken down except in nuclear reactions is known as

A)an atom.
B)an element.
C)matter.
D)a molecule.

Question 19

Convert the following value to a number that is not written in scientific notation: 2.3 × 10⁶

A)23
B)23000000
C)2300000
D)0.0000023

Question 20

Which one is NOT a purpose of the peer review process?

A)repeating experiments that were carried out
B)commenting on an article submitted for publication
C)scrutinizing data that was obtained
D)making sure that an article gets published in other languages

Question 21

In the natureBOX for Chapter One, it was reported that NASA scientists had discovered a bacterium that could survive on what unusual material?

A)phosphorus
B)arsenic
C)gasoline
D)cytoplasm

Question 22

A picogram is

A)0.000000000001 times smaller than a gram.
B)1,000,000,000,000 times smaller than a gram.
C)1,000,000,000,000 times larger than a gram.
D)12 times smaller than a gram.

Question 23

Which of the following represents the largest number?

A)5.5 × 10^-5
B)9.6 × 10^-6
C)4.2 × 10^-2
D)1.1 × 10^-15

Question 24

What is the abbreviation for nanograms?

A)nag
B)pg
C)Pg
D)ng
E)µg

Question 25

The base unit for length is the

A)mole.
B)meter.
C)gram.
D)liter.

Question 26

Which one of these would contain the least mass?

A)a nanogram
B)a Gigagram
C)a microgram
D)a femtogram

Question 27

What is the full name for the metric prefix GB?

A)Gallonbig
B)Gigabyte
C)Giganticbyte
D)Greatbig

Question 28

Which of these values represents the smallest number?

A)4.2 × 10^-4
B)7.6 × 10^-6
C)1.2 × 10^-2
D)3.3 × 10^-3

Question 29

How many seconds are in one Megasecond?

A)100,000
B)1,000,000
C)0.0000001
D)1,000,000,000

Question 30

If there are 2.54 cm in one inch, how many inches are equivalent to 23,001 cm?

A)9.06 × 10³ inches
B)2.30 × 10⁴ inches
C)5.45 × 10²⁷ inches
D)5.84 × 10⁴ inches

Question 31

How many picometers are there in one meter?

A)10¹⁵
B)10⁶
C)10⁹
D)10^-3
E)10¹²

Question 32

A recipe calls for 725 grams of sugar.How many ounces of sugar is this?

A)1.60
B)25.6
C)0.626
D)1.16 × 10⁴

Question 33

A car that has travelled 120,000,000,000,000,000 picometers has travelled how many kilometers?

A)120 km
B)1.2 × 10²⁶ km
C)1.2 × 10²⁰ km
D)1.2 × 10³² km

Question 34

Which of the following objects fills the greatest volume?

A)A swimming pool that holds 25,000 L of water
B)A lake that holds 35,000,000 mL of water
C)The portion of a stream that holds 35 megaliters of water
D)A marsh that contains 4.5 × 10²⁰ nL of water

Question 35

Convert 45,000,000 micrograms to Megagrams.

A)4.5 × 10⁹ Mg
B)4.5 × 10^-5 Mg
C)4.5 × 10^-12 Mg
D)4.5 × 10⁶ Mg

Question 36

A terabyte is

A)0.000000000001 times larger than a byte.
B)1,000,000,000,000 times smaller than a byte.
C)1,000,000,000,000 times larger than a byte.
D)12 times larger than a byte.

Question 37

There are ___________ microseconds in a day.

A)8.4 × 10¹⁰
B)A million
C)10¹²
D)2.4 × 10⁸

Question 38

What is the abbreviation for the metric prefix Mega?

A)Mg
B)M
C)Ma
D)None of these

Question 39

How many grams are in one kilogram?

A)1,000,000
B)0.001
C)1000
D)10

Question 40

The thermometer outside a hotel in London reads 15 °C.Which of the following outfits would a person be most comfortable in?

A)A bathing suit
B)A very thick, insulated snowsuit
C)A winter coat, hat and gloves
D)A light jacket

Question 41

The height of a window is measured by four different people.The manufacturer states that the window is exactly 82.0 cm high.Alan determines that the window is 81.9 cm high.Bob determines it is 82.2 cm high.Caroline determines it is 75.0 cm high.Donna determines that the window is 82.1 cm high.Which of the following statements is true?

A)Alan and Bob are accurate and precise.Caroline and Donna are neither accurate nor precise.
B)Alan, Bob and Donna are accurate and precise.Caroline is neither accurate nor precise.
C)None of the four measurements are accurate but Bob and Donna are precise.
D)Alan and Donna are accurate but not precise.

Question 42

A dumbbell at a gym in Denver weighs 12 pounds.Which statement is true?

A)The dumbbell will weigh the same on Mars.
B)The dumbbell will have less mass on Mars.
C)The dumbbell will have more mass on Mars.
D)The dumbbell will weigh less on Mars.

Question 43

Your friend, Evan, went to Europe and told you the temperature was about 22 degrees every day.Assuming that he was in a country that uses the metric system, choose the season he was most likely there.

A)a typical week in spring or fall
B)the middle of a heat wave in summer
C)the coldest week of the winter
D)a moderately cold week in winter

Question 44

A standard is

A)a measurement that has been taken 3 or more times.
B)something for which a particular characteristic is known very precisely.
C)a particular measurement subtracted from the average of all measurements.
D)found by repeating a certain experiment multiple times.

Question 45

A bag of potato chips that weighs 5.2 ounces would weigh how many grams?

A)2.4 × 10³ g
B)83 g
C)1.5 × 10² g
D)0.18 g

Question 46

Jim weighs himself on his personal scale 4 different times.The values he obtains are 155 pounds, 154 pounds, 155.5 pounds, and 155 pounds.On his doctor's scale he weighed 168 pounds.Based on these results we can say that his personal scale is

A)Accurate and precise.
B)Accurate but not precise.
C)Precise but not accurate.
D)Neither accurate nor precise.

Question 47

The weather report for Paris says it will be 22 °C for the next few days.How warm is this in degrees Fahrenheit?

A)81 °F
B)72 °F
C)-10 °F
D)44 °F

Question 48

Measurements that are close to one another but not close to the true value are said to

A) be accurate.
B) be close to the standard.
C) be precise.
D) have a lot of significant figures.