Deck 3: Gastroenterology - Gastrointestinal System

Question 1

An EGD would include viewing which of the following:

A)stomach.
B)ileum.
C)cecum.
D)ascending colon.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following is a precancerous condition?

A)liver cirrhosis
B)diverticulosis
C)colonic polyps
D)ulcerative colitis

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which word describes a characteristic of a hepatoma?

A)mesenteric
B)metastatic
C)mucosal
D)malabsorption

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following is a possible diagnosis for a patient with pain in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen?

A)cholecystitis
B)esophagitis
C)appendicitis
D)pancreatitis

Question 5

A varicose vein in the esophagus is known as a:

A)fecalith.
B)varix.
C)hemorrhoid.
D)volvulus.

Question 6

During surgery the patient was found to have choledocholithiasis.In the operative report that describes what was done during the surgery, which anatomical structure will have to be mentioned?

A)lower esophageal sphincter
B)mesentery
C)cecum
D)common bile duct

Question 7

A patient with a disease of which organ will have a low level in the blood of the protein albumin?

A)liver
B)gallbladder
C)pancreas
D)salivary gland

Question 8

Steatorrhea is a symptom of:

A)gastritis.
B)cholecystitis.
C)pancreatitis.
D)stomatitis.

Question 9

Which is an appropriate drug to treat GERD?

A)Nexium
B)Colace
C)Imodium
D)an antiemetic

Question 10

An inguinal hernia would appear in the area of the:

A)stomach.
B)navel.
C)ribs.
D)groin.

Question 11

The medical word emesis means:

A)loose stools.
B)difficulty swallowing.
C)vomiting.
D)excessive gas.

Question 12

When a patient has a hernia that is swollen, and the intestines can no longer be pushed back into the abdominopelvic cavity, this is known as a/an ________ hernia.

A)incisional
B)incarcerated
C)sliding
D)reducible

Question 13

The portion of the biliary tree that transports bile from the gallbladder to the common bile duct is the:

A)hepatic duct.
B)parotid duct.
C)alimentary duct.
D)cystic duct.

Question 14

Swallowing food is known by the medical name of:

A)mastication.
B)deglutition.
C)ingestion.
D)defecation.

Question 15

Which word is misspelled?

A)ascites (fluid accumulation in the abdomen)
B)ilius (absence of peristalsis)
C)cirrhosis (chronic irreversible degeneration of the liver)
D)hemorrhoids (protruding anal or rectal veins)

Question 16

When a physician palpates the abdomen and documents, "No hepatomegaly," this means that there is no:

A)tenderness occurring over the area of the appendix.
B)mass felt in the intestines.
C)inguinal hernia present.
D)liver enlargement.

Question 17

The part of the stomach that is superior to the pylorus is the:

A)pyloric sphincter.
B)cecum.
C)fundus.
D)lower esophageal sphincter.

Question 18

Which is the abbreviation for a type of feeding tube?

A)PUD
B)PEG
C)CBD
D)LES

Question 19

A patient had a colonoscopy for complaints of bouts of diarrhea, cramping, and abdominal pain.The colonoscopy revealed no visualized abnormalities.The most likely diagnosis for the patient is:

A)diverticulosis.
B)irritable bowel syndrome.
C)Crohn's disease.
D)steatorrhea.

Question 20

A single hernia pouch in the muscular wall of the colon is spelled:

A)diverticulum.
B)diverticula.
C)diverticuli.
D)diverticulus.

Question 21

A surgical procedure to remove part of the stomach because of a cancerous tumor is a/an:

A)gastrostomy.
B)gastrectomy.
C)gastrotomy.
D)enterectomy.

Question 22

Hepatosplenomegaly refers to:

A)enlargement of the gallbladder.
B)enlargement of the liver and spleen.
C)softening of the liver and spleen.
D)hardening of the kidney and spleen.

Question 23

Inflammation of the oral mucosa of the mouth is:

A)cholangitis.
B)mouthitis.
C)stomatitis.
D)pyloritis.

Question 24

A pouch or tube where the mucosa has been forced out through a defect in the wall of the colon is known as a/an:

A)appendix.
B)ulcer.
C)dysentery.
D)diverticulum.

Question 25

The patient had surgery to remove a part of his intestine and rejoin the cut ends of the intestine.The word for this procedure is:

A)colostomy.
B)endoscopy.
C)anastomosis.
D)laparotomy.

Question 26

The inability to voluntarily control bowel movements because of paralysis or dementia is known as:

A)diarrhea.
B)constipation.
C)incontinence.
D)steatorrhea.

Question 27

The passage of blood in the stool is:

A)flatus.
B)eructation.
C)hematochezia.
D)hematemesis.

Question 28

Which type of polyp has a thin stalk that supports a ball-shaped, irregular top?

A)pedunculated
B)strangulated
C)incarcerated
D)sessile

Question 29

Stones in the gallbladder or common bile duct can be treated in all of the following ways except:

A)removing the liver to prevent more stones from forming.
B)using drugs to dissolve the stone.
C)removing the gallbladder.
D)removing the stone from the common bile duct.

Question 30

Swollen, protruding veins in the rectum or in the perianal area, also known as piles, are called:

A)hemorrhoids.
B)rectocele.
C)fecalith.
D)melena.

Question 31

Telescoping of one segment of the intestine into the lumen of an adjacent segment is known as a/an:

A)hernia.
B)diverticulum.
C)intussusception.
D)ileus.

Question 32

Chronic, progressive inflammation and finally irreversible degeneration of liver tissue, characterized by nodules and scarring, is known as:

A)jaundice.
B)hepatoma.
C)cirrhosis.
D)hepatitis.

Question 33

Drugs used to treat nausea and vomiting and motion sickness are called:

A)antiemetic drugs.
B)laxative drugs.
C)antacid drugs.
D)antidiarrheal drugs.

Question 34

Which type of hepatitis is also known as serum hepatitis?

A)hepatitis A
B)hepatitis B
C)hepatitis C
D)hepatitis D

Question 35

The medical word patent means:

A)closed.
B)irregular.
C)open.
D)normal.

Question 36

Which test involves passing a needle through the skin of the abdominal wall and injecting contrast dye into the liver?

A)IVC
B)ERCP
C)CT
D)PTC

Question 37

The abbreviation ERCP stands for:

A)enteroscopic retrograde cholangiogram.
B)endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.
C)esophagorectocholangiopancreatogram.
D)esophagoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

Question 38

Which of these is a combining form that means rectum?

A)sigmoid/o-
B)gastr/o-
C)proct/o-
D)choledoch/o-

Question 39

The medical word that means chewing is:

A)mastication.
B)eructation.
C)deglutition.
D)defecation.

Question 40

The normal, large puckered pouches in the walls of the large intestine are called:

A)sphincters.
B)rugae.
C)fundus.
D)haustra.

Question 41

What is the treatment for adhesions of the intestines?

A)medication
B)exercise
C)surgery
D)rest

Question 42

An omphalocele is a/an:

A)umbilical hernia present at birth.
B)hernia that cannot be pushed back into the thoracic cavity.
C)adhesion.
D)incisional hernia.

Question 43

The word ulcer means:

A)stomach.
B)intestinal.
C)gut.
D)a sore.

Question 44

All of the following are parts of the stomach except:

A)uvula.
B)cardia.
C)fundus.
D)pylorus.

Question 45

Which structure hangs in the posterior oral cavity?

A)appendix
B)pharynx
C)omentum
D)uvula

Question 46

Which of the following kills microorganisms on ingested food?

A)hydrochloric acid
B)pepsinogen
C)gastrin
D)digestive enzymes

Question 47

Colic is a:

A)twisting of a loop of intestine.
B)decreased level of peristalsis after surgery.
C)common gastrointestinal problem in babies.
D)precursor to cancer.

Question 48

The vomiting of new or old blood is known as:

A)regurgitation.
B)hematemesis.
C)meconium.
D)reflux.

Question 49

Which of the following is not related in some way to fats?

A)bile
B)ascending colon
C)emulsification
D)pancreas

Question 50

If a patient presents to the emergency room with a severe sore throat, which of the following structures is inflamed?

A)larynx
B)esophagus
C)pharynx
D)salivary glands

Question 51

Which of the following enzymes breaks down the sugar in milk?

A)amylase
B)lipase
C)flatus
D)lactase

Question 52

The abbreviation PUD stands for:

A)pelvic ulcer disease.
B)peritoneal ulcerative disease.
C)purulent ulcerative disease.
D)peptic ulcer disease.

Question 53

Which of the following is not an accessory organ of digestion?

A)liver
B)gallbladder
C)pancreas
D)stomach

Question 54

In the phrase hyperemesis gravidarum, the word gravidarum means:

A)regurgitation.
B)of pregnancy.
C)emesis.
D)nausea.

Question 55

Excessive overeating is known as:

A)anorexia.
B)polyphagia.
C)dysphagia.
D)cheilitis.

Question 56

The gastrointestinal system begins with which of the following structures?

A)esophagus
B)oral cavity
C)colon
D)large intestine

Question 57

When bile breaks apart large globules of fat, the process is known as:

A)cholecystokinin.
B)absorption.
C)emulsification.
D)elimination.

Question 58

Cancerous tumors of the gastrointestinal system are treated medically by a/an:

A)oncologist.
B)surgeon.
C)gastroenterologist.
D)cardiologist.

Question 59

Which bacterial infection is caused by an unusual strain of E.coli, the common bacterium in the large intestine?

A)lactose intolerance
B)adenocarcinoma
C)dysentery
D)polyps

Question 60

If a patient experiences difficult or painful eating and swallowing, the patient is said to have:

A)anorexia.
B)dyspepsia.
C)dysphagia.
D)gastritis.

Question 61

Emulsification is the process of:

A)secreting cholecystokinin.
B)secreting intrinsic factor.
C)bile breaking down fats.
D)vitamin B₁₂ breaking down proteins.

Question 62

Absorbed food nutrients are carried by the blood in the portal vein to the:

A)liver.
B)anus.
C)duodenum.
D)gallbladder.

Question 63

The process of elimination is called:

A)feces.
B)defecation.
C)meconium.
D)all of the above.

Question 64

The gastrointestinal system is an elongated system that:

A)begins at the mouth.
B)goes through the thoracic cavity.
C)fills most of the abdominopelvic cavity.
D)all of the above

Question 65

The gustatory cortex in the brain processes information sent by the:

A)intestinal mucosa.
B)esophagus.
C)taste receptors.
D)villi.

Question 66

The word deglutition refers to:

A)chewing, grinding, and tearing food.
B)swallowing food.
C)contractions of the esophagus.
D)partially undigested food.

Question 67

After chyme leaves the stomach, it enters the ________.

A)soft palate
B)cecum
C)duodenum
D)esophagus

Question 68

The gallbladder is responsible for:

A)releasing digestive enzymes made by the pancreas.
B)neutralizing acid from the stomach.
C)digesting proteins in foods.
D)concentrating and storing bile.

Question 69

Small areas on the intestinal walls that contain white blood cells to destroy microorganisms are called:

A)Peyer's patches.
B)haustra.
C)villi.
D)mucosa.

Question 70

Peristalsis occurs in all of the following gastrointestinal structures except the:

A)stomach.
B)small intestine.
C)colon.
D)oral cavity.

Question 71

Which of the following are involved in the digestion of fats?

A)amylase and hydrochloric acid
B)hydrochloric acid and mastication
C)lipase and pepsinogen
D)emulsification and lipase

Question 72

The large intestine includes the:

A)cecum, ileum, colon, and rectum.
B)cecum, appendix, mesentery, and anus.
C)duodenum, rectum, anus, and perianal area.
D)none of the above

Question 73

What is the purpose of the villi in the small intestine?

A)to move digested food along the small intestine
B)to make digestive juices
C)to absorb digested nutrients
D)all of the above

Question 74

Chemical digestion involves:

A)mastication, deglutition, and peristalsis.
B)enzymes and acid.
C)mastication and enzymes.
D)enzymes, deglutition, and acid.

Question 75

Vermiform means:

A)pink.
B)small.
C)wormlike.
D)all of the above.

Question 76

All of the following are salivary glands except:

A)pharyngeal.
B)submandibular.
C)parotid.
D)sublingual.

Question 77

The membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and secretes fluid to fill the spaces between the organs is:

A)pepsinogen.
B)the pyloric sphincter.
C)peristalsis.
D)the peritoneum.

Question 78

The muscular ring that keeps food in the stomach from going back into the esophagus is:

A)the celiac trunk.
B)LES.
C)chyme.
D)peristalsis.

Question 79

The combining form sial/o- means:

A)saliva.
B)eating.
C)mouth.
D)stomach.

Question 80

The word glossal means:

A)pertaining to the tongue.
B)under the tongue.
C)like a salivary gland.
D)anterior to the stomach.