Deck 23: The Reproductive Systems

Question 1

Approximately 60 percent of the volume of semen is produced by the

A)prostate gland
B)epididymis
C)seminal vesicles
D)testis
E)bulbourethral gland

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following cells is the least mature type of spermatogenic cell?

A)spermatozoon
B)spermatid
C)spermatogonia
D)primary spermatocyte
E)secondary spermatocyte

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The region of a mature sperm cell that contains large numbers of mitochondria to produce ATP for locomotion is called the

A)acrosome
B)head
C)end piece of tail
D)middle piece of tail
E)principal piece of tail

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The doughnut-shaped accessory sex gland that surrounds the upper portion of the urethra in males is the

A)ejaculatory duct
B)prostate gland
C)bulbourethral gland
D)adrenal gland
E)seminal vesicle

Question 5

The cell produced by fertilization of the ovum by sperm is called a

A)gamete
B)secondary oocyte
C)cleavage
D)zygote
E)morula

Question 6

The terminal duct carrying semen from the male reproductive system to the exterior is the

A)ejaculatory duct
B)penis
C)urethra
D)ductus deferens
E)ureter

Question 7

Sperm cells can survive up to ___ hours in the female reproductive tract.

A)10
B)24
C)36
D)48
E)52

Question 8

All of the following are true about testosterone EXCEPT

A)it is an anabolic steroid.
B)it stimulates libido.
C)it stimulates FSH release from the anterior pituitary gland.
D)it is responsible for the secondary sex characteristics of males.
E)its feedback inhibits the release of GnRH from the hypothalamus.

Question 9

Enzymes used by sperm cells to penetrate an ovum during fertilization are located in the

A)neck of the sperm cell.
B)acrosome.
C)midpiece of the tail.
D)principal piece of the tail.
E)nucleus of the sperm.

Question 10

The process of spermatogenesis occurs in the

A)sustentacular (Sertoli)cells
B)seminiferous tubules
C)interstitial cells of Leydig
D)epididymis
E)vas deferens

Question 11

In males, the hormone inhibin is produced by the

A)hypothalamus
B)sustentacular (Sertoli)cells
C)pituitary gland
D)interstitial cells
E)spermatogonia

Question 12

The production of testosterone by interstitial cells is stimulated by

A)inhibin
B)luteinizing hormone
C)follicle-stimulating hormone
D)relaxin
E)progesterone

Question 13

All of the following structures are part of the penis EXCEPT the

A)corpus spongiosum
B)prepuce
C)external urethral orifice
D)glans penis
E)ejaculatory duct

Question 14

All of the following are true for meiosis EXCEPT

A)it occurs during spermatogenesis.
B)it occurs during oogenesis.
C)the daughter cells have only half the chromosomes of the parent cell.
D)it is subdivided into meiosis I and meiosis II.
E)it can be used to generate new spermatogonia.

Question 15

The steps in sperm maturation that result in the acquisition of motility and the ability to fertilize a secondary oocyte occur in the

A)seminiferous tubules
B)straight tubules
C)epididymis
D)rete testes
E)vas deferens

Question 16

Infertility in human males commonly occurs when the sperm count falls below

A)50 million sperm/mL
B)40 million sperm/mL
C)30 million sperm/mL
D)20 million sperm/mL
E)10 million sperm/mL

Question 17

The processes that produce the components of semen occur in the

A)testes
B)prostate gland
C)bulbourethral glands
D)seminal vesicles
E)all of the choices are correct

Question 18

The average volume of semen in a typical human ejaculation is

A)1 to 2 mL
B)1.5 to 3 mL
C)2.5 to 5 mL
D)4.5 to 8 mL
E)8 to 10 mL

Question 19

Human spermatids contain ___ chromosomes.

A)16
B)20
C)23
D)36
E)46

Question 20

During spermatogenesis, the cells formed by meiosis II are called

A)spermatids
B)spermatozoa
C)primary spermatocytes
D)secondary spermatocytes
E)spermatogonia

Question 21

The hormone that works with estrogen to prepare the endometrium for implantation of a fertilized egg is

A)LH
B)FSH
C)prolactin
D)progesterone
E)relaxin

Question 22

The funnel-shaped expanded portion of the uterine tube that contains fimbriae is called the

A)corpus albicans
B)infundibulum
C)corpus cavernosa
D)corpus spongiosum
E)fundus

Question 23

At the present time, the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease (STD)in the United States is

A)AIDS
B)gonorrhea
C)chlamydia
D)genital herpes
E)syphilis

Question 24

The initial secretion of estrogens by the growing ovarian follicles is directly stimulated by

A)GnRH
B)relaxin
C)progesterone
D)FSH
E)LH

Question 25

The layer of the uterine wall that is shed during menstruation is the

A)endometrium
B)cervical lining
C)perimetrium
D)myometrium
E)serosa

Question 26

The type of ovarian follicle that ruptures at the time of ovulation is called a

A)primary follicle
B)secondary follicle
C)corpus luteum
D)mature (Graafian)ovarian follicle
E)primordial follicle

Question 27

The muscular structure that separates the uterine body from the vagina is the

A)uterine tube
B)fundus
C)cervix
D)vulva
E)hymen

Question 28

Home pregnancy tests detect the presence of _____ in maternal urine as an indication of pregnancy.

A)hCG
B)FSH
C)LH
D)GnRH
E)progesterone

Question 29

Testosterone is primarily produced by the

A)corpus luteum
B)pancreatic islets
C)sustentacular (Sertoli)cells
D)interstitial cells
E)spermatocytes

Question 30

Fertilization of the ovum by sperm usually occurs in the

A)vagina
B)cervix
C)uterus
D)uterine tubes
E)ovaries

Question 31

During the preovulatory phase of the ovarian cycle, the release of estrogen and inhibin by the dominant follicle decreases the release of _____ by the anterior pituitary gland causing less developed follicles to stop growing and die.

A)progesterone
B)GnRH
C)LH
D)FSH
E)relaxin

Question 32

Which of the following hormones are involved in controlling the menstrual and ovarian cycles of the female?

A)GnRH
B)FSH
C)LH
D)estrogen
E)all of the choices are correct

Question 33

"Crossing-over" of genes among homologous chromosomes occurs during

A)spermiogenesis
B)differentiation of spermatogonium to a primary spermatocyte
C)meiosis I
D)meiosis II
E)none of the choices is correct

Question 34

The external genitalia of the female are collectively called the

A)labia
B)vulva
C)clitoris
D)mons pubis
E)glans

Question 35

All of the following are structures of the mammary glands EXCEPT the

A)infundibulum
B)alveoli
C)suspensory ligaments
D)areola
E)lobules

Question 36

The structure of the female reproductive system that contains erectile tissue is the

A)external urethral orifice
B)vaginal orifice
C)labia minora
D)mons pubis
E)clitoris

Question 37

The average length of the menstrual cycle is

A)14 days
B)18 days
C)24 days
D)28 days
E)32 days

Question 38

Menstruation is directly caused by a decrease in the ovarian secretion of

A)progesterone and estrogens
B)testosterone and progesterone
C)progesterone only
D)estrogens only
E)LH

Question 39

The circular pigmented area of skin surrounding the nipple of the mammary gland is called the

A)alveolus
B)areola
C)perineum
D)fundus
E)vulva

Question 40

The rupture of the mature (Graafian)ovarian follicle during ovulation is stimulated by a surge in the secretion of

A)FSH
B)LH
C)progesterone
D)estrogen
E)inhibin

Question 41

All the following hormones are involved in promoting and regulating various aspects of lactation EXCEPT

A)oxytocin
B)prolactin
C)progesterone
D)estrogen
E)dehydrotestosterone (DHT)

Question 42

Sperm are produced at the rate of about 300 million per day.

Question 43

Which phase of the female reproductive cycle is characterized by a thickening of the endometrium and development of one dominant mature (Graafian)ovarian follicle?

A)menstrual phase
B)preovulatory phase
C)ovulation
D)postovulatory phase
E)pregnancy

Question 44

The dome-shaped portion of the uterus found superior to the uterine tubes is called the

A)fornix
B)fimbria
C)fundus
D)infundibulum
E)cervix

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT a form of contraception?

A)vasectomy
B)tubal ligation
C)oral contraceptives
D)IUD
E)all of the choices are forms of contraception

Question 46

The initial trigger for the onset of puberty in both males and females is increased secretion of

A)testosterone or estrogen from the gonads.
B)FSH from the anterior pituitary.
C)LH from the anterior pituitary.
D)GnRH from the hypothalamus.
E)oxytocin from the posterior pituitary.

Question 47

The only birth control method that is 100% reliable in preventing pregnancy is

A)sterilization
B)oral contraceptives
C)spermicides
D)complete abstinence
E)IUDs

Question 48

Type 2 herpes simplex virus (HSV-2)causes

A)neurosyphilis
B)pelvic inflammatory disease
C)cold sores
D)genital warts
E)genital herpes

Question 49

Sperm cells mature in the epididymis.

Question 50

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)stimulates testosterone production.

Question 51

During the production of secondary oocytes by oogenesis, meiosis II is completed

A)prior to birth.
B)at puberty.
C)just before ovulation.
D)just after ovulation.
E)just after fertilization.

Question 52

All of the following are normally found in semen EXCEPT

A)prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
B)citric acid
C)sucrose
D)sperm
E)acid phosphatase

Question 53

All the following hormones are released by the corpus luteum EXCEPT

A)progesterone
B)estrogens
C)relaxin
D)chorionic gonadotropin
E)inhibin

Question 54

The production and survival of viable sperm has to occur at a temperature lower than normal body temperature.

Question 55

Absence of menstruation is called

A)menopause
B)dysmenorrhea
C)amenorrhea
D)menarche
E)menorrhagia

Question 56

The beginning of menstruation or the first menses in females is called

A)menopause
B)menarche
C)amenorrhea
D)dysmenorrrhea
E)menorrhagia

Question 57

Emergency contraception (EC), the so-called morning-after pill, works by inhibiting the secretion of

A)estrogen
B)relaxin
C)progesterone
D)FSH and LH
E)inhibin

Question 58

Gametes differ from all other body cells because they are diploid cells.

Question 59

Which of the following statements about the types of cell division used to produce gametes is NOT true?

A)Mitosis always produces cells with identical genetic information.
B)Meiosis always produces cells with identical genetic information.
C)Mitosis produces two cells with 46 chromosomes.
D)Meiosis produces two cells with 23 chromosomes.
E)"Crossing over" of genes occurs during meiosis.

Question 60

Sperm are produced in the seminiferous tubules and then transported to the epididymis for storage.

Question 61

Many women near the time of menopause experience hot flashes and heavy sweating coinciding with increased secretion of GnRH from the hypothalamus.

Question 62

Semen has a slightly alkaline pH.

Question 63

The uterus is supported and held in position in the pelvic cavity by the uterine (fallopian)tubes.

Question 64

The region between the labia minora is called the perineum.

Question 65

The recessed area of the vagina surrounding the cervix is called the fornix.

Question 66

An excessively prolonged or profuse menstrual period is called menorrhagia.

Question 67

Secretion of milk from the mammary glands is largely due to the hormone prolactin.

Question 68

Both erection and ejaculation are sympathetic reflexes controlled by the lumbar portion of the spinal cord.

Question 69

Oogenesis begins before birth, while spermatogenesis does not occur until puberty.

Question 70

Human gametes are produced using meiosis in order to reduce the number of chromosomes to half the number that the other cells have.

Question 71

Surgical removal of the uterine (fallopian)tubes is called oophorectomy.

Question 72

Sperm are produced in the seminiferous tubules, mature in the epididymis, and then travel through the ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, and urethra. Along the way, secretions are added by the seminal vesicles, prostate gland and bulborurethral glands.

Question 73

Luteinizing hormone (LH)from the posterior pituitary gland stimulates the secretion of estrogen by ovarian follicles and stimulates sperm production in the testes.

Question 74

The permanent cessation of menses in older females is called menopause.

Question 75

Amenorrhea and dysmenorrhea are medical terms that both mean lack of menstruation.

Question 76

Secretions from all the accessory sex glands have an alkaline pH (> 7.0)in order to neutralize the acidity of the male urethra and female reproductive tract.

Question 77

During early fetal development, germ cells in the ovaries differentiate into oogonia.

Question 78

Estrogens and testosterone stimulate the development of secondary sex characteristics in females and males, respectively.

Question 79

Even though males have a decline in testosterone synthesis after about age 55, many males retain reproductive capabilities into their eighties and nineties.

Question 80

The mucosa of the vagina contains large stores of glycogen whose decomposition creates an acidic environment.