Deck 15: The Cardiovascular System: Heart

Question 1

Oxygenated blood is transported from the lungs through the pulmonary veins into the

A)left atrium
B)left ventricle
C)right atrium
D)right ventricle
E)none of the choices is correct

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The blood vessel that collects deoxygenated blood from the coronary circulation and delivers it to the right atrium is the

A)vena cava
B)sigmoid sinus
C)pulmonary sinus
D)coronary sinus
E)coronary artery

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The P wave of an ECG is created by the electrical activity associated with

A)atrial depolarization
B)atrial repolarization
C)ventricular depolarization
D)ventricular repolarization
E)interventricular septum depolarization

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Death of an area of cardiac muscle tissue due to an interrupted blood supply is called

A)ischemia
B)myocardial infarction
C)angina pectoris
D)ventricular fibrillation
E)myocardial ischemia

Question 5

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of structures in the cardiac action potential conduction system?

A)Purkinje fibers, AV node, right and left bundle branches, SA node, bundle of His
B)AV node, SA node, bundle of His, Purkinje fibers, right and left bundle branches
C)SA node, bundle of His, AV node, Purkinje fibers, right and left bundle branches
D)SA node, AV node, Purkinje fibers, bundle of His, right and left bundle branches
E)SA node, AV node, bundle of His, right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers

Question 6

At a normal resting heart rate, the last 25% of the blood that fills the ventricles enters during

A)atrial diastole
B)atrial systole
C)ventricular fibrillation
D)ventricular systole
E)the relaxation period

Question 7

Oxygenated blood is delivered to the myocardium of the heart by the

A)aortic arch
B)descending aorta
C)pulmonary arteries
D)coronary sinus
E)coronary arteries

Question 8

Which labeled structure in the heart wall diagram is responsible for the pumping action of the heart?

A)A
B)B
C)E
D)F
E)G

Question 9

The heart valve found between the left atrium and left ventricle is the

A)bicuspid valve
B)tricuspid valve
C)aortic semilunar valve
D)pulmonary semilunar valve
E)sinoatrial valve

Question 10

The left ventricle pumps blood directly into the

A)pulmonary trunk
B)ascending aorta
C)descending aorta
D)pulmonary vein
E)vena cavae

Question 11

Which of the following lists the correct sequence of waves that occur in an ECG of a single heartbeat?

A)QRS, T, P
B)QRS, P, T
C)P, QRS, T
D)T, QRS, P
E)P, T, QRS

Question 12

Which of the following blood vessels delivers deoxygenated blood to the right atrium?

A)vena cavae
B)pulmonary arteries
C)pulmonary trunk
D)pulmonary veins
E)aorta

Question 13

In an ECG, atrial repolarization is indicated by

A)the P wave
B)the QRS wave
C)the T wave
D)the R portion of the QRS
E)bone of the choices is correct

Question 14

The muscular wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the right ventricle because it

A)holds a greater volume of blood.
B)pumps blood to the lungs.
C)pumps blood throughout the entire body.
D)pumps blood through a smaller valve.
E)pumps blood through the coronary circulation.

Question 15

The heart valve found between the left ventricle and the large artery exiting the left ventricle is the

A)bicuspid valve
B)tricuspid valve
C)aortic valve
D)pulmonary valve
E)mitral valve

Question 16

Which of the following vessels carries blood with the highest concentration of oxygen under normal conditions?

A)inferior vena cava
B)superior vena cava
C)pulmonary veins
D)coronary vein
E)pulmonary arteries

Question 17

In the diagram, where is the auricle of left atrium?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)F
E)G

Question 18

At a normal resting heart rate, each cardiac cycle lasts approximately

A)0.1 seconds
B)0.2 seconds
C)0.4 seconds
D)0.8 seconds
E)2.0 seconds

Question 19

Which of the following chambers of the heart has the thickest myocardium?

A)left atrium
B)right atrium
C)left ventricle
D)right ventricle
E)all heart chambers have equal thickness

Question 20

The normal pacemaker of the heart is the

A)Purkinje fibers
B)bundle of His
C)atrioventricular (AV)node
D)sinoatrial (SA)node
E)atrioventricular (AV)bundle

Question 21

Atherosclerosis is a condition in which

A)the arteries are "hardened" by calcium deposits in the walls.
B)fatty deposits called plaques partially block the arteries.
C)vitamin B₁₂ is not properly absorbed due to lack of intrinsic factor.
D)oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced.
E)the right side of the heart pumps harder than the left side.

Question 22

The bulk of the structure of the heart consists of the

A)epicardium
B)endocardium
C)myocardium
D)serous pericardium
E)fibrous pericardium

Question 23

Which of following conditions commonly causes pulmonary edema?

A)heart murmurs
B)angina pectoris
C)ischemia
D)congestive heart failure
E)all of the choices are correct

Question 24

The scientific study of the heart and diseases associated with it is known as

A)pathology
B)physiology
C)hematology
D)oncology
E)cardiology

Question 25

The acronym CAD stands for

A)coronary artery disease
B)cardiac artery disorder
C)cholesterol arteriolar disorder
D)chronic arterial distention
E)coronary aneurysm disease

Question 26

The cardiovascular (CV)center that regulates cardiac output is located in the

A)hypothalamus
B)thalamus
C)pons
D)midbrain
E)medulla oblongata

Question 27

The two upper chambers of the heart are separated from each other by the

A)interventricular septum
B)interatrial septum
C)parietal pericardium
D)visceral pericardium
E)coronary sulcus

Question 28

Closing of the AV valves produces the

A)P wave
B)T wave
C)QRS wave
D)first heart sound (lubb)
E)second heart sound (dupp)

Question 29

A life-threatening condition in which excess fluid in the pericardial cavity compresses the heart leading to decreased ventricular filling is called

A)paroxysmal tachycardia
B)myocardial infarction
C)cardiac tamponade
D)ventricular fibrillation
E)atherosclerosis

Question 30

Impulses carried from the cardiovascular center to the heart by means of the vagus nerve are

A)parasympathetic impulses that increase the heart rate.
B)parasympathetic impulses that decrease the heart rate.
C)sympathetic impulses that increase the heart rate.
D)sympathetic impulses that decrease the heart rate.
E)autonomic impulses that primarily affect stroke volume.

Question 31

Which of the following does NOT directly affect stroke volume of the left ventricle?

A)degree of stretch of the ventricle
B)Frank-Starling law.
C)amount of blood in ventricle prior to contraction
D)parasympathetic stimulation
E)pressure needed to open the aortic valve

Question 32

The average resting heart rate of a healthy adult human is

A)50 beats per minute
B)60 beats per minute
C)75 beats per minute
D)85 beats per minute
E)100 beats per minute

Question 33

The three vessels that deliver blood to the right atrium include the

A)three pulmonary veins.
B)superior and inferior vena cavae and the coronary arteries.
C)superior and inferior vena cavae and the coronary sinus.
D)two pulmonary veins and the pulmonary trunk.
E)left and right common carotid arteries and the iliac artery.

Question 34

Which of the following stimulates an increase in heart rate?

A)norepinephrine
B)acetylcholine
C)parasympathetic stimulation
D)both norepinephrine and parasympathetic stimulation
E)both acetylcholine and parasympathetic stimulation

Question 35

Cardiac output is defined as the

A)total volume of blood within the body.
B)volume of blood pumped per beat by the left ventricle.
C)volume of blood pumped per minute by the left ventricle.
D)number of times that heart beats per minute.
E)volume of blood pumped by the heart per day.

Question 36

In adults, heart murmurs are often indicative of defective

A)SA nodes
B)heart valves
C)systemic arteries
D)myocardial cells
E)coronary circulation

Question 37

A fluttering of the heart is called

A)cardiac arrest
B)a palpitation
C)paroxysmal tachycardia
D)ventricular fibrillation
E)cardiomegaly

Question 38

During strenuous exercise, a well-trained athlete can achieve a cardiac output that is ___ that of a sedentary person.

A)three times
B)double
C)four times
D)half
E)one quarter

Question 39

Changes in the blood pressure in the aorta and carotid sinus are detected by

A)osmoreceptors
B)baroreceptors
C)nociceptors
D)chemoreceptors
E)proprioceptors

Question 40

Which of the following is a risk factor for the development of coronary artery disease?

A)high blood pressure
B)diabetes
C)genetic predisposition
D)all of the choices are correct
E)none of the choices is correct

Question 41

Ischemia, hypoxia, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction all result from a lack of oxygen to the heart tissue.

Question 42

Briefly describe the diagnostic value of an electrocardiogram.

Question 43

List the correct sequence of the structures that the cardiac action potential passes through as it stimulates contraction of the heart.

Question 44

The heart valves prevent the backflow of blood during the cardiac cycle.

Question 45

The beginning of an atherosclerotic plaque occurs when a "fatty streak" in the vessel wall is formed from macrophages eating accumulated LDL particles.

Question 46

The pericardium is composed of three layers. The outer layer is the parietal pericardium. The middle layer is the visceral pericardium. The innermost layer is called the fibrous pericardium or epicardium.

Question 47

The atria receive the blood returning to the heart.

Question 48

Define cardiac output and explained how it is calculated.

Question 49

All arteries contain oxygenated blood and all veins contain non-oxygenated blood.

Question 50

Silent myocardial ischemia is a reduced blood flow to the heart tissue without any pain or forewarning of heart problems.

Question 51

In general, heart attack risk is lower for those who exercise regularly than for those who do not.

Question 52

The chordae tendineae and papillary muscles of the atrioventricular valves prevent the valve's cusp from pushing up into the atria during ventricular contraction.

Question 53

Valvular stenosis is a congenital condition consisting of four defects including the aorta emerging from both ventricles

Question 54

Any irregular heart rhythm is an arrhythmia.

Question 55

Oxygen is sent to the myocardium through the cardiac arteries.

Question 56

List the three phases of the cardiac cycle.

Question 57

Blood flow through the heart is driven by pressure differences between the chambers.

Question 58

The "good" form of cholesterol that consists of lipoproteins that carry cholesterol from the tissues to the liver for elimination are called

A)chylomicrons
B)LDLs
C)VLDLs
D)HDLs
E)bile salts

Question 59

The autonomic nervous system initiates the impulses that lead to contraction of the four chambers of the heart.

Question 60

Acetylcholine released by the parasympathetic fibers increases the heart rate.

Question 61

In the diagram of the heart action potential conduction system, the structure labeled A is called the ___, which spontaneously creates action potentials at a rate of approximately ___ times per minute.

A)SA node, 100
B)AV node, 100
C)SA node, 40 to 60
D)AV node, 20 to 60
E)SA node, 75

Question 62

Between steps 7 and 8 in the diagram of blood flow through the heart, blood moves through the ___ valve.

A)pulmonary
B)aortic
C)bicuspid
D)tricuspid
E)interventricular

Question 63

Which of the following characteristics would NOT commonly be observed in a well-trained endurance athlete?

A)physiological cardiomegaly
B)resting bradycardia
C)increased stroke volume
D)decreased heart rate
E)increased resting cardiac output

Question 64

The step labeled 5 in the diagram of blood flow through the heart shows oxygenated blood returning from the lungs and entering the left atrium through the

A)superior and inferior vena cavae
B)ascending and descending aorta
C)internal and external jugular veins
D)pulmonary arteries
E)pulmonary veins

Question 65

Which of the labeled structures in the diagram of the heart action potential conduction system consists of specialized cardiac muscle cells that spontaneously create action potentials at a set rate?

A)A only
B)B only
C)A and B
D)A, B, and C
E)A, B, C, D, and E

Question 66

Which of the labeled structures in the diagram of the heart action potential conduction system is the bundle of His?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 67

Which of the following statements accurately describes the normal orientation of the heart in the thoracic cavity?

A)Located along midline with base oriented inferiorly and apex oriented superiorly.
B)Three-fourths of the heart lies to the right of midline.
C)Three-fourths of the heart lies to the left of midline.
D)Apex of the heart is directed inferiorly and to the left of midline.
E)Two-thirds of the heart lies to the right of midline.

Question 68

The step labeled 1 in the diagram of blood flow through the heart shows deoxygenated blood entering the right atrium through the

A)superior and inferior vena cavae
B)ascending and descending aorta
C)internal and external iliac veins
D)pulmonary arteries
E)pulmonary veins

Question 69

Which of the following layers of the pericardium is also referred to as the epicardium?

A)adipose layer of the fibrous pericardium
B)fibrous pericardium
C)parietal layer of the serous pericardium
D)visceral layer of the serous pericardium
E)pericardial cavity