Deck 16: The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Question 1

The cardiovascular (CV)center is located in the

A)hypothalamus.
B)thalamus.
C)medulla oblongata.
D)midbrain.
E)cerebral cortex.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Sympathetic output from the cardiovascular (CV)center results in

A)vasodilation of arterioles.
B)decreased blood viscosity.
C)increased blood pressure.
D)decreased vascular resistance.
E)increased blood volume in the veins.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following types of sensory receptors are involved in the regulation of blood pressure?

A)baroreceptors
B)chemoreceptors
C)proprioceptors
D)baroreceptors and chemoreceptors only
E)baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, and proprioceptors

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Which type of blood vessel contains walls that are composed of a single layer of endothelial cells and a basement membrane?

A)venules
B)arterioles
C)capillaries
D)arteries
E)veins

Question 5

Exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissues occurs in the

A)arteries.
B)arterioles.
C)veins.
D)venules.
E)capillaries.

Question 6

Vascular resistance is affected by

A)blood viscosity.
B)total blood vessel length.
C)radius of lumen of arterioles.
D)All of the choices are correct.
E)blood viscosity and total blood vessel length only.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of shock?

A)systolic blood pressure over 190 mm Hg
B)increased levels of aldosterone
C)rapid heart rate
D)cool, pale skin
E)increased sweating

Question 8

Which of following events would lead to increased vascular resistance?

A)increased blood viscosity
B)decreased stroke volume
C)increased blood vessel diameter
D)increased elastic recoil in arteries
E)decreased total blood vessel length

Question 9

Which of the following hormones influences blood pressure?

A)ADH
B)epinephrine
C)norepinephrine
D)angiotensin II
E)All of these hormones influence blood pressure.

Question 10

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)is a hormone released by the atria of the heart that

A)increases blood volume.
B)stimulates changes that lead to decreased blood pressure.
C)reduces loss of sodium in the urine.
D)reduces loss of water in the urine.
E)acts as a neurotransmitter in the ANS.

Question 11

Which of the following types of blood vessels act as a blood reservoir?

A)arteries
B)veins
C)capillaries
D)venules
E)arterioles

Question 12

Venous return of blood to the heart occurs due to pressure created by

A)contraction of the heart.
B)the skeletal muscle pump.
C)the respiratory pump.
D)both contraction of the heart and the skeletal muscle pump.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 13

Under normal conditions, blood pressure is highest in the

A)arteries.
B)arterioles.
C)veins.
D)venules.
E)capillaries.

Question 14

Type of sensory neurons located in the aortic and carotid bodies that monitor carbon dioxide and oxygen levels in the arterial blood are called

A)baroreceptors.
B)chemoreceptors.
C)mechanoreceptors.
D)proprioceptors.
E)nociceptors.

Question 15

Which of the following choices accurately describe venules?

A)small veins
B)collect blood from capillaries
C)drain into veins
D)are similar in structure to arterioles but with thinner walls
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 16

Which of the following events would lead to increased blood pressure?

A)increased heart rate
B)decreased diameter of lumen of arterioles
C)increased blood volume
D)increased water retention
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 17

The smallest diameter blood vessels are

A)arteries.
B)arterioles.
C)venules.
D)capillaries.
E)veins.

Question 18

The endothelium that lines all blood vessels consists of

A)simple cuboidal cells.
B)simple squamous cells.
C)transitional cells.
D)stratified squamous cells.
E)simple columnar cells.

Question 19

Movement of fluids and solutes out of capillaries into the interstitial fluid occurs by filtration, which is driven by capillary blood pressure and opposed by

A)exocytosis.
B)endocytosis.
C)blood colloid osmotic pressure.
D)venous valves.
E)interstitial fluid osmotic pressure.

Question 20

The baroreceptors involved in blood pressure control are located in

A)the aorta.
B)the internal carotid arteries.
C)the jugular veins.
D)both the aorta and internal carotid arteries.
E)both the aorta and jugular veins.

Question 21

All systemic arteries branch from the

A)vena cava.
B)pulmonary trunk.
C)cerebral arterial circle.
D)aorta.
E)greater coronary artery.

Question 22

The fetal circulation differs from adult circulation because three of the fetal organ systems do not fully function until birth. These three organ systems are the

A)cardiovascular, urinary, and respiratory systems.
B)cardiovascular, urinary, and digestive systems.
C)respiratory, urinary, and digestive systems.
D)nervous, digestive, and respiratory systems.
E)nervous, respiratory, and digestive systems.

Question 23

Which of the following statements comparing arteries to veins is NOT true?

A)The arterial wall is stronger than the venous wall.
B)The lumen of an artery is larger in diameter than its corresponding vein.
C)Veins have valves, while arteries do not.
D)The blood pressure is higher in arteries than veins.
E)Arterial walls contain more elastic tissue than veins.

Question 24

The pulse rate is a direct reflection of the

A)cardiac output.
B)respiratory rate.
C)venous return.
D)heart rate.
E)stroke volume.

Question 25

Which of the following arteries branch directly from the brachial artery?

A)subclavian artery
B)axillary artery
C)brachiocephalic artery
D)radial artery
E)digital artery

Question 26

Which of the following blood vessels would have the greatest resistance to blood flow?

A)a long, large diameter blood vessel
B)a short, large diameter blood vessel
C)a long, small diameter blood vessel
D)a short, small diameter blood vessel
E)a medium length, large diameter blood vessel

Question 27

Which of the following blood vessels carries blood with the lowest oxygen content?

A)pulmonary arteries
B)pulmonary veins
C)ascending aorta
D)descending aorta
E)brachial artery

Question 28

All of the following hormones stimulate changes that increase blood pressure EXCEPT

A)epinephrine.
B)norepinephrine.
C)angiotensin II.
D)ANP.
E)ADH.

Question 29

Blood flow is the slowest as it moves through the

A)arteries.
B)arterioles.
C)capillaries.
D)veins.
E)heart.

Question 30

The circulatory route that brings nutrient-rich oxygenated blood to the tissues throughout the body and back to the heart is the

A)hepatic portal circulation.
B)pulmonary circulation.
C)coronary circulation.
D)systemic circulation.
E)cerebral circulation.

Question 31

Which of the following arteries does NOT directly branch from the abdominal aorta?

A)internal iliac arteries
B)common iliac arteries
C)celiac trunk
D)superior mesenteric arteries
E)renal arteries

Question 32

The main vein draining blood from the heart muscle tissue is the

A)superior vena cava.
B)brachiocephalic vein.
C)cardiac vein.
D)coronary sulcus.
E)coronary sinus.

Question 33

The movement of blood from the abdominal veins into the thoracic veins based on the pressure differences that occur during breathing is called

A)the skeletal muscle pump.
B)diaphragmatic breathing.
C)the respiratory pump.
D)valvular insufficiency.
E)blood colloid osmotic pressure.

Question 34

Which of the following are common changes observed in the cardiovascular system as a result of the aging process?

A)reduced cardiac output
B)increased systolic blood pressure
C)decreased maximum heart rate
D)reduced cardiac output and increased systolic blood pressure
E)reduced cardiac output, increased systolic blood pressure, and decreased maximum heart rate

Question 35

The common carotid artery is part of the

A)pulmonary circulation.
B)coronary circulation.
C)hepatic portal circulation.
D)systemic circulation.
E)fetal circulatory bypasses.

Question 36

The external jugular veins empty directly into the

A)dural venous sinuses.
B)internal jugular veins.
C)subclavian veins.
D)brachiocephalic veins.
E)superior vena cava.

Question 37

All of the following blood vessels are commonly used to feel the pulse EXCEPT the

A)radial artery.
B)brachial artery.
C)popliteal artery.
D)pulmonary artery.
E)common carotid artery.

Question 38

The diastolic blood pressure

A)is usually lower in people who exercise regularly and are in good physical shape.
B)indicates the force of ventricular contraction.
C)indicates the force of atrial contraction.
D)is normally higher than the systolic blood pressure.
E)is directly related to the volume of blood in the left ventricle prior to contraction.

Question 39

The formation of new blood vessels is referred to as

A)aneurysm.
B)angiogenesis.
C)occlusion.
D)claudication.
E)phlebitis.

Question 40

Venous blood rich in substances absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract is carried to the liver by the

A)coronary sinus.
B)jugular vein.
C)hepatic portal vein.
D)hepatic vein.
E)hypophyseal portal vein.

Question 41

All veins carry blood that is low in oxygen.

Question 42

Gases and nutrients leave the blood and enter the tissues as they pass through the

A)veins.
B)arterioles.
C)capillaries.
D)venules.
E)arteries.

Question 43

When blood pressure falls, the baroreceptors increase the rate of nerve impulses sent to the cardiovascular center to stimulate an increase in cardiac output.

Question 44

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of vessels that blood follows to get from the vena cavae to the lungs?

A)right atrium, pulmonary artery, right ventricle, pulmonary vein, pulmonary capillaries
B)right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary capillaries
C)right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary veins, pulmonary capillaries
D)left atrium, left ventricle, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary capillaries
E)left atrium, left ventricle, ascending aorta, aortic arch, pulmonary capillaries

Question 45

Filtration of fluid out of the capillaries into the interstitial fluid is generally highest on the arterial end of a capillary network because the

A)blood pressure in a capillary network is highest on the arterial end.
B)blood pressure in a capillary network is highest on the venous end.
C)blood colloid osmotic pressure is highest on the arterial end.
D)blood colloid osmotic pressure is highest on the venous end.
E)capillaries on the arterial end are leakier than on the venous end.

Question 46

Epinephrine has no effect on blood pressure.

Question 47

A rapid resting pulse rate over 100 beats per minute is called

A)cardiac tamponade.
B)myocardial infarction.
C)tachycardia.
D)bradycardia.
E)syncope.

Question 48

A thin weakened section of an artery or vein that bulges out is called an

A)autography.
B)aneurysm.
C)angiogenesis.
D)angioplasty.
E)enuresis.

Question 49

Which of the following statements is NOT true concerning atherosclerosis?

A)Stable plaque has relatively lower lipid content than unstable plaque.
B)Stable plaque does not increase in size by much.
C)Unstable plaque has a strong thick fibrous cap.
D)Unstable plaque is more likely to rupture than stable plaque.
E)Unstable plaque often contains a large number of macrophages.

Question 50

Sympathetic stimulation causes vasoconstriction.

Question 51

Leaky valves cause varicose veins.

Question 52

Large blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart toward the body's tissues are called

A)capillaries.
B)arterioles.
C)venules.
D)arteries.
E)veins.

Question 53

Which of the following conditions are more common in the elderly than in younger people?

A)coronary artery disease (CAD)
B)congestive heart failure (CHF)
C)atherosclerosis
D)decreased blood flow to the brain
E)All of these conditions are more common in the elderly.

Question 54

Vascular resistance refers to the opposition to blood flow due to friction between the blood and the walls of the blood vessel.

Question 55

Pain and lameness caused by defective circulation of the blood in the vessels of the limbs is called

A)aneurysm.
B)occlusion.
C)phlebitis.
D)syncope.
E)claudication.

Question 56

Which of the following will NOT help prevent hypertension?

A)reduce intake of potassium, calcium and magnesium
B)quit smoking
C)reduce intake of sodium
D)exercise more frequently
E)reduce or manage stress more effectively

Question 57

The rate of blood flow through a particular capillary network in a tissue is primarily controlled by

A)constriction of the veins.
B)constriction of the precapillary sphincters of venules.
C)constriction of the precapillary sphincters of arterioles.
D)how strong the heart is contracting.
E)the pulse rate.

Question 58

Which of the following blood vessels would have the highest systolic blood pressure?

A)superior vena cava
B)pulmonary vein
C)a small capillary
D)aorta
E)brachial artery

Question 59

The medical term for a condition of persistently high blood pressure is

A)congestive heart failure (CHF).
B)atherosclerosis.
C)occlusion.
D)hypertension.
E)hypotension.

Question 60

The circulatory route from the right ventricle to the lungs and back to the left atrium is called

A)pulmonary circulation.
B)coronary circulation.
C)hepatic portal circulation.
D)fetal circulation.
E)systemic circulation.

Question 61

Skeletal muscle contractions help to return venous blood to the heart.

Question 62

During periods of increased physical activity, large veins contract to divert blood from its venous reservoir to the skeletal muscles to help fuel the increased levels of activity.

Question 63

During exercise, blood flow to skeletal muscles increases.

Question 64

Within the cardiovascular system, blood only flows from regions of higher pressure to regions of lower pressure.

Question 65

Increased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart via the vagus nerve causes a decrease in heart rate.

Question 66

Systolic blood pressure in arteries is always lower than the diastolic pressure.

Question 67

The largest diameter arteries have thick muscular walls that alternately contract and relax to help propel blood through the cardiovascular system.

Question 68

Orthostatic hypotension is a large decrease in blood pressure that occurs when a person stands up.

Question 69

Changes in blood volume of the circulatory system have no effect on blood pressure.

Question 70

All tissues found in the human body have a capillary near every cell to deliver nutrients and remove wastes.

Question 71

Autoregulation of blood flow through tissues is controlled by the ANS.

Question 72

Coronary artery disease is a major cause of heart disease and death in older Americans.

Question 73

The vasomotor region of the cardiovascular center is located in the hypothalamus.

Question 74

Under the new guidelines, the prehypertension classification now contains individuals that would previously have been considered normal. This means the systolic and diastolic readings for this category are lower than in the past.

Question 75

Bradycardia indicates a rapid heart rate over 100 beats per minute.

Question 76

The walls of both arteries and veins contain multiple layers composed of a combination of connective tissue, smooth muscle, and endothelial cells.

Question 77

Blood pressure is primarily regulated by the cardiac center in the hypothalamus using input from chemoreceptors that detect oxygen levels in the blood.

Question 78

Recently, researchers have discovered that it is impossible to reverse arterial plaque buildup.

Question 79

Regular exercise and stress management can help decrease the plaque buildup associated with atherosclerosis.

Question 80

Systolic pressure is the pressure in the arteries when the ventricles are contracting, while diastolic pressure is the pressure in blood vessels when the ventricles are relaxed.