Deck 6: The Skeletal System

Question 1

The bone cells primarily responsible for bone resorption are

A)osteogenic cells
B)osteoclasts
C)osteocytes
D)osteoblasts
E)fibroblasts

Answer 1

B

Question 2

All of the following hormones play a role in bone growth and maintenance EXCEPT

A)growth hormone
B)parathyroid hormone
C)insulin-like growth factor
D)thyroid hormones
E)epinephrine

Answer 2

E

Question 3

The hormones responsible for maintaining homeostasis relative to blood calcium levels are

A)thyroid hormones and calcitonin.
B)thyroid hormones only.
C)insulin and glucagon.
D)parathyroid hormone and calcitonin.
E)parathyroid hormone and mineralocorticoids.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Within the skeletal system, fat is commonly stored in the

A)compact bone
B)spongy bone
C)red bone marrow
D)yellow bone marrow
E)articular cartilage

Question 5

All of the following are functions of the skeletal system EXCEPT

A)support
B)hemopoiesis
C)protein production
D)mineral storage
E)movement

Question 6

The mechanical stress applied to bones during moderate physical exercise leads to

A)decreased strength of bone.
B)increased strength of bone.
C)hairline fractures.
D)bone spurs.
E)increased demineralization.

Question 7

The shaft of a long bone is called the

A)epiphysis
B)diaphysis
C)metaphysis
D)periosteum
E)endosteum

Question 8

Which of the following bones are NOT long bones?

A)bones of the ribcage
B)bones of the thighs
C)bones of the forearms
D)bones of the arms
E)bones of the lower legs

Question 9

All of the following are facial bones EXCEPT the

A)nasal bone
B)maxilla
C)mandible
D)ethmoid bone
E)vomer

Question 10

During endochondral ossification, secondary ossification centers develop

A)in the medullary cavity.
B)after development of the trabeculae.
C)when blood vessels enter the epiphyses.
D)at the appearance of the epiphyseal line.
E)simultaneously with the primary ossification center.

Question 11

The medulla oblongata passes through the _____ of the occipital bone and connects with the spinal cord.

A)mental foramen
B)foramen magnum
C)occipital condyles
D)foramen ovale
E)carotid foramen

Question 12

Which of the following is a cranial bone?

A)vomer bone
B)lacrimal bone
C)zygomatic bone
D)sphenoid bone
E)palatine bone

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of yellow bone marrow?

A)stores triglycerides
B)consists of mainly adipose cells
C)produces red blood cells
D)stores triglycerides and consists mainly of adipose tissue

Question 14

The adult human skeleton typically consists of

A)230 bones
B)200 bones
C)206 bones
D)198 bones
E)302 bones

Question 15

The temporal and zygomatic bones join to form the bony basis of the cheek called the

A)zygomatic arch
B)mandibular fossa
C)foramen magnum
D)mastoid process
E)styloid process

Question 16

Which of the following are classified as flat bones?

A)femur
B)vertebrae
C)ankle bones
D)cranial bones
E)ulna and radius

Question 17

Osteogenic cells

A)are mature bone cells.
B)develop into osteoblasts.
C)are used to breakdown the extracellular matrix of bone.
D)deposit calcium into the bone.
E)surround themselves with calcified extracellular matrix.

Question 18

Osteoclasts are a type of bone cell that

A)deposit calcium into bone.
B)destroy bone matrix.
C)are formed from white blood cells.
D)synthesize and secrete collagen fibers.

Question 19

Which of the following describes the endosteum of a long bone?

A)composed of red bone marrow
B)the basic structural unit of compact bone
C)lines the medullary cavity
D)surrounds the bone surface
E)the distal and proximal ends of a long bone

Question 20

The site where bone lengthening occurs in a long bone is called the

A)epiphyseal plate
B)epiphysis
C)diaphysis
D)articular cartilage
E)periosteum

Question 21

The teeth of the upper jawbone are found in alveoli of the

A)palatine bones
B)maxillae
C)mandible
D)zygomatic bones
E)lacrimal bones

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a bone of the ankle?

A)navicular
B)calcaneus
C)cuboid
D)talus
E)pisiform

Question 23

The largest and strongest of the unfused vertebrae in the spinal column are the

A)cervical vertebrae
B)thoracic vertebrae
C)lumbar vertebrae
D)sacral vertebrae
E)coccygeal vertebrae

Question 24

The longest, heaviest, and strongest bone in the body is the

A)humerus.
B)fibula.
C)tibia.
D)coxal bone.
E)femur.

Question 25

Which of the following types of bone cells is considered the primary bone-building cell?

A)osteoblasts
B)osteoclasts
C)osteocytes
D)monocytes
E)chondrocytes

Question 26

The adult vertebral column typically contains

A)32 vertebrae
B)30 vertebrae
C)26 vertebrae
D)24 vertebrae
E)20 vertebrae

Question 27

Which of the following vertebrae articulate with the ribs?

A)sacral vertebrae
B)lumbar vertebrae
C)cervical vertebrae
D)thoracic vertebrae
E)coccygeal vertebrae

Question 28

The bone in the axial skeleton that does not articulate with any other bone is the

A)vomer bone
B)zygomatic bone
C)lacrimal bone
D)ethmoid bone
E)hyoid bone

Question 29

The spinal nerves leave the vertebral column through the

A)interventricular foramen
B)intervertebral foramen
C)vertebral arch
D)vertebral foramen
E)foramen magnum

Question 30

The human pectoral girdle consists of the

A)humerus and radius.
B)ulna and radius.
C)ilium and ischium.
D)sternum and ribs.
E)clavicle and scapula.

Question 31

Which of the following is a movable bone of the skull?

A)maxilla
B)zygomatic bone
C)lacrimal bone
D)mandible
E)hyoid bone

Question 32

The anatomical term for shinbone is

A)fibula
B)tibia
C)humerus
D)femur
E)ulna

Question 33

The single bone that makes up the upper arm is called the

A)radius
B)ulna
C)humerus
D)femur
E)tibia

Question 34

The long bones that make up the appendages of a human are initially formed by

A)endochondral ossification.
B)intramembranous ossification.
C)bone remodeling.
D)hemopoiesis.
E)both endochondral ossification and intramembranous ossification.

Question 35

All of the following bones are components of the thoracic cage EXCEPT

A)clavicle
B)sternum
C)true ribs
D)thoracic vertebrae
E)false ribs

Question 36

Which of the following is found in the roof of the nasal cavity?

A)superior nasal concha
B)inferior nasal concha
C)cribriform plate
D)carotid foramen
E)vomer

Question 37

The facial bones that are commonly called the cheekbones are the

A)zygomatic bones
B)lacrimal bones
C)maxillae
D)vomer bones
E)frontal bones

Question 38

The suture found between the parietal bones and the temporal bones is the

A)sagittal suture
B)parasagittal suture
C)lambdoid suture
D)coronal suture
E)squamous suture

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT a structure found on a vertebra?

A)transverse process
B)xiphoid process
C)spinous process
D)superior articular process
E)pedicles

Question 40

All of the following bones are carpals EXCEPT the

A)cuboid
B)lunate
C)hamate
D)capitate
E)scaphoid

Question 41

Central canals are commonly found in spongy bone.

Question 42

In adults, the medullary cavity contains exclusively red bone marrow.

Question 43

Osteoblasts are mature bone cells.

Question 44

Bone formation is called ossification.

Question 45

When comparing a male and female pelvis, which of the following comparative statements is NOT true?

A)The pubic arch of the female pelvis is less than 90°.
B)The male pelvis has a deeper acetabulum that faces more laterally.
C)The female pelvis has a relatively larger more oval pelvic inlet.
D)The general structure of the male pelvis is heavier and thicker.
E)The obturator foramen in the female pelvis is oval.

Question 46

A thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the region of the epiphyses that is involved in forming a joint with another bone is called the

A)epiphyseal cartilage
B)articular cartilage
C)meniscus
D)periosteum
E)perichondrium

Question 47

Which of the following curves in the vertebral column would one find in the neck of an adult?

A)cranial curve
B)cervical curve
C)thoracic curve
D)lumbar curve
E)sacral curve

Question 48

Which of the following statements is true concerning fractures?

A)A partial fracture means the bone did not break through the skin.
B)A complete fracture means the bone is broken into at least two pieces.
C)A compound fracture is always a partial fracture.
D)A closed fracture means the bone broke into a least two pieces.
E)All of the statements are true about fractures.

Question 49

A congenital defect in which the laminae of the vertebrae fail to unite along the midline is called

A)scoliosis
B)spina bifida
C)osteoporosis
D)lordosis
E)Paget's disease

Question 50

Which of the following explanations best describes how the medullary cavity of a long bone forms?

A)A primary ossification center develops where bone tissue replaces cartilage.
B)Osteoclasts digest newly formed spongy bone trabeculae leaving behind an opening.
C)Osteocytes secrete hydrolytic enzymes that remove bone and collagen.
D)A secondary ossification center develops to form the medullary cavity.
E)A cartilage model of the medullary cavity forms and is rapidly ossified.

Question 51

Nutrients and oxygen reach the seemingly isolated osteocytes in compact bone through tiny fluid-filled tunnels called

A)trabeculae
B)lacunae
C)canaliculi
D)periosteum
E)endosteum

Question 52

The presence of the epiphyseal plate allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in diameter.

Question 53

The brain is protected by cranial bones.

Question 54

Which of the following statements is NOT a reason for maintaining relatively constant blood calcium levels?

A)Many enzymes need calcium as a cofactor.
B)The heart may stop if the calcium level is too high.
C)Respiration may stop if the calcium level is too low.
D)Blood clotting requires calcium.
E)Insulin cannot form if the calcium level is too high.

Question 55

Which is not part of the axial skeleton?

A)facial skull bones
B)vertebrae
C)ribs
D)talus
E)cranial skull bones

Question 56

All of the following are structural features of the temporal bone EXCEPT the

A)mastoid process
B)mandibular fossa
C)external auditory meatus
D)mental foramen
E)carotid foramen

Question 57

A cube-shaped bone (e.g. a carpal bone)composed of spongy bone covered by a layer of compact bone is classified as a/an _____ bone.

A)flat
B)irregular
C)short
D)long
E)oval

Question 58

The replacement of cartilage by bone is called intramembranous ossification.

Question 59

The vertebral column is also called the spine, spinal column, or backbone.

Question 60

Which of the following conditions cannot be easily detected using a bone scan?

A)degenerative bone disease
B)Paget's disease
C)bone cancer
D)ligament damage
E)rheumatoid arthritis

Question 61

The openings between adjacent vertebrae form the vertebral canal.

Question 62

Constantly running, walking, or jogging on uneven roads can lead to chronic pain in the area around the patella resulting in a condition called osteomyelitis.

Question 63

The shoulder blades are also called clavicles.

Question 64

Name the portions of the sternum.

Question 65

Bone remodeling involves both bone resorption and bone deposition.

Question 66

The trabeculae of spongy bone contain lamellae, lacunae, and canaliculi.

Question 67

Bone continuously remodels itself throughout adult life.

Question 68

The hard palate on the roof of the mouth consists of the maxillae, palatine bones, and ethmoid bone.

Question 69

Red bone marrow is hemopoietic (blood-forming).

Question 70

Both rickets and osteomalacia involve a failure of bone calcification, however, rickets affects adults and osteomalacia affects children.

Question 71

The tibia and fibula articulate with the calcaneus to form the ankle joint.

Question 72

The sphenoid bone is a facial bone.

Question 73

The decrease of estrogen levels observed in females after the age of 40 increases the loss of calcium from bones.

Question 74

The pelvic (hip)girdle is formed by fusion of six separate bones.

Question 75

List the names of the cranial bones.

Question 76

Orthodontics is the branch of dentistry dealing with poorly aligned teeth.

Question 77

Articular cartilage cannot repair itself easily because it lacks a perichondrium.

Question 78

The vomer is a triangular bone that forms part of the nasal septum.

Question 79

Early in life, osteoblasts work faster than osteoclasts so bone is building up. At "midlife," their activity is about equal. But later on in life, the osteoclasts work faster than the osteoblasts leading to a decrease in bone mass.

Question 80

Surgical removal of the parathyroid glands would lead to an increase in blood calcium levels.