Deck 1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Question 1

A tissue consists of groups of similar cells that have a common function.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The coxal joint is most likely found in ________ region of the body.

A)hip
B)hand
C)foot
D)groin

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The elbow is proximal to the shoulder.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Embryology concerns the structural changes that occur in an individual from conception through old age.

Question 5

The part of the serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity wall is called visceral peritoneum.

Question 6

A major function of serous membranes is to decrease friction.

Question 7

Responsiveness or irritability is the ability to sense changes in the environment and then respond to them.

Question 8

A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be ________.

A)enhancement of labor contractions
B)body temperature regulation
C)blood calcium level regulation
D)regulating glucose levels in the blood

Question 9

The right hypochondriac region contains the majority of the stomach.

Question 10

Histology would be best defined as a study of ________.

A)tissues
B)the gross structures of the body
C)cell chemistry
D)cells

Question 11

Which of the following organs or structures would be found in the left iliac region?

A)liver
B)appendix
C)intestines
D)stomach

Question 12

The study of large body structures,visible to the naked eye,such as the heart is called ________ anatomy.

A)microscopic
B)gross
C)systemic
D)developmental

Question 13

The parietal pleura would represent a serous membrane ________.

A)lining the abdominal cavity
B)covering the heart
C)covering individual lungs
D)lining the thoracic cavity

Question 14

Generally what is the result of the negative feedback process?

A)to keep the body's blood sugar level high
B)to control body movement
C)to regulate excretion via the kidneys
D)to maintain homeostasis

Question 15

It is important for any organism to maintain its boundaries,so that its internal environment remains distinct from the external environment surrounding it.

Question 16

Without some sort of negative feedback mechanism,it would be impossible to keep our body chemistry in balance.

Question 17

A structure that is composed of two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific functions for the body is a(n)________.

A)complex tissue
B)organ
C)complex cell
D)organ system

Question 18

The epigastric region is superior to the umbilical region.

Question 19

Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA)imaging is most useful in discovering obstructed blood supplies in organs and tissues.

Question 20

Lungs carry out an excretory function.

Question 21

The dorsal body cavity is the site of which of the following?

A)liver
B)brain
C)intestines
D)lungs

Question 22

In which body cavities are the lungs located?

A)pleural,dorsal,and abdominal
B)pleural,ventral,and thoracic
C)pericardial,ventral,and thoracic
D)mediastinal,thoracic,and ventral

Question 23

It is wise to study anatomy alongside with physiology because ________.

A)it makes for more efficient use of students' and teachers' time
B)physiology is only explainable in terms of the underlying anatomy
C)anatomy and physiology are practically the same thing
D)to understand anatomy requires complete understanding of physiology

Question 24

Which of these is not part of the dorsal cavity?

A)spinal cord
B)cranial cavity
C)thoracic cavity
D)vertebral cavity

Question 25

Which one of the following systems responds fastest to environmental stimuli?

A)immune
B)lymphatic
C)muscular
D)nervous

Question 26

Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains ________.

A)a dynamic state within an unlimited range,depending on circumstances
B)a relatively stable internal environment,within limits
C)the lowest possible energy usage
D)a static state with no deviation from preset points

Question 27

Which of the following are survival needs of the body?

A)nutrients,water,growth,and reproduction
B)nutrients,water,atmospheric pressure,and oxygen
C)nutrients,water,movement,and reproduction
D)water,atmospheric pressure,growth,and movement

Question 28

The body cavities that protect the nervous system are located in the ________ cavity.

A)ventral
B)cranial
C)dorsal
D)vertebral
E)thoracic

Question 29

In which quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity is the stomach located?

A)left upper quadrant
B)right upper quadrant
C)right lower quadrant
D)left lower quadrant

Question 30

What is a vertical section through the body,dividing it into left and right,called?

A)frontal
B)transverse
C)regional
D)sagittal

Question 31

Place the following in correct sequence from simplest to most complex: 1.molecules
2)atoms
3)tissues
4)cells
5)organs

A)1-2-4-3-5
B)2-1-4-3-5
C)1-2-3-4-5
D)2-1-3-4-5

Question 32

The study of anatomy and physiology assumes and describes a healthy body.Select the description below that does NOT explain why this approach is useful.

A)Study of a healthy body is less intimidating and more familiar new students.
B)A healthy body provides a common standard to compare to.
C)A healthy body establishes what "normal" is.
D)Study of a healthy body provides a foundation for a more complete understanding of all human bodies.

Question 33

Which of the following describes the operation of the heart and blood vessels?

A)systemic anatomy
B)cardiovascular anatomy
C)cardiovascular physiology
D)systemic physiology

Question 34

Select the most correct statement.

A)Organ systems can be composed of cells or tissues,but not both.
B)The immune system is closely associated with the lymphatic system.
C)Organ systems operate independently of each other to maintain life.
D)The endocrine system is not a true structural organ system.

Question 35

The term pollex refers to the ________.

A)fingers
B)thumb
C)great toe
D)calf

Question 36

Choose the anatomical topic and definition that is not correctly matched.

A)Cytology: study of the structures in a particular region.
B)Microscopic anatomy: study of structures too small to be seen by the naked eye.
C)Embryology: study of the changes in an individual from conception to birth.
D)Gross anatomy: study of structures visible to the eye.

Question 37

Which of the following statements is the most correct regarding homeostatic imbalance?

A)It is considered the cause of most diseases.
B)Positive feedback mechanisms are overwhelmed.
C)Negative feedback mechanisms are functioning normally.
D)The internal environment is becoming more stable.

Question 38

What is a vertical section through the body,dividing it into anterior and posterior regions called?

A)median
B)sagittal
C)frontal
D)transverse

Question 39

One of the functional characteristics of life is excitability or responsiveness.This refers to ________.

A)the necessity for all organisms to reproduce
B)sensing changes in the environment and then reacting or responding to them
C)indigestible food residues stimulating the excretory system
D)the nervous system causing all living things to sometimes experience anger

Question 40

Which of the following imaging devices would best localize a tumor in a person's brain?

A)PET
B)DSA
C)MRI
D)X ray

Question 41

Anabolic reactions are chemical reactions of the body that build things,make them bigger or more complex.Catabolic reactions break things down making them smaller or less complex.If the rate of anabolic reaction in the body is much faster than the rate of catabolic reactions which of the following necessary life function will be accomplished?

A)digestion
B)responsiveness
C)growth
D)movement

Question 42

One of the descriptions below is from the perspective of physiological study,the rest are from an anatomical perspective.Select the description below that comes from physiological perspective.

A)The pancreas lies deep to the stomach within the abdominal cavity.
B)The skull is formed by 22 facial and cranial bones.
C)The contraction of smooth muscle in blood vessels (vasoconstriction)can reduce the flow of blood through the vessel.
D)The chambers of the heart and blood vessels leading to and from the heart are separated by valves composed of fibrous connective tissue.

Question 43

The term that describes the neck region is ________.

Question 44

When a baby suckles at its mother's breast the stimulus at the breast is sent to the mother's brain (a region called the hypothalamus).The brain responds by releasing hormones to stimulate the production and the ejection of milk from the breast.This helps the newborn to receive nourishment and encourages more suckling.This example is best described as a ________.

A)negative feedback
B)necessary life function
C)loss of homeostasis
D)positive feedback

Question 45

What is a dynamic equilibrium of your internal environment termed?

Question 46

What does the "principle of complementarity of structures and function" mean?

Question 47

Which of the following is the best explanation for why cells are considered the smallest units of living things.

A)Cells are the simplest structure to fit all of the characteristic necessary to be considered alive.
B)Cells have the ability to reproduce identical copies of themselves in a process called mitosis.
C)Cells are highly ordered and complex.
D)Cells cannot be seen with the naked eye and are considered microscopic.

Question 48

Similar cells that have a common function are called ________.

Question 49

You are told to take an axillary temperature on a small child.You will place the thermometer ________.

A)in the armpit
B)in the rectum
C)under the tongue
D)on the forehead

Question 50

Anatomical position is important because ________.

A)it allows a common point of reference for body position to help communicate anatomical relationships
B)it provides the greatest circulation to the extremities
C)it allows diagrams within textbooks to display a greater surface area of the body with one simple diagram
D)it is the position most comfortable to hospital patients

Question 51

Positive feedback differs from negative feedback because ________.

A)positive feedback is critical to health while negative feedback serves only to alert us to potential health threats
B)positive feedback is generally beneficial while negative feedback is typically harmful
C)positive feedback tends to enhance the triggering stimulus while negative feedback tends to return the body to a homeostatic balance or "ideal" level
D)positive feedback provides moment-to-moment wellbeing while negative feedback causes a cascade effect

Question 52

One of the descriptions below is from the perspective of anatomical study,the rest are from a physiological perspective.Select the description below that comes from an anatomical perspective.

A)The extremely thin tissue (simple squamous epithelium)of the lungs allows for the quick diffusion of respiratory gases into and out of the body.
B)The direction of blood flow through the heart is directed by one way valves.
C)The cell-to-cell connections between heart (cardiac)muscle cells are strong.They hold the tissue together for a life time of forceful contractions.
D)The innermost lining of the lungs is composed primarily of a thin tissue called simple squamous epithelium.

Question 53

You are asked to take a person's heart rate at the popliteal pulse point.You will look for this pulse ________.

A)on the palmar side of the hand
B)in the distal end of the lower leg
C)on the posterior side of the knee
D)at the posterior side of the wrist

Question 54

The heart is ________ to the lungs.

Question 55

The thoracic cavity contains the ________.It is found ________ to the vertebral cavity.

A)stomach and liver: superficial
B)heart and lungs: anterior
C)digestive viscera: inferior
D)kidneys and spleen: deep

Question 56

You are asked to draw blood from the median cubital vein.You will search for this vein in the ________.

A)lateral side of the foot
B)proximal arm
C)anterior side of the elbow
D)hand

Question 57

________ is explained by chemical and physical principles and is concerned with the function of specific organs or organic systems.

Question 58

The term that describes the back of the elbow is ________.

Question 59

Prevention of water loss is a necessary function for life that would best fit in the category of ________.

A)metabolism
B)responsiveness
C)maintaining boundaries
D)excretion

Question 60

Some of the nerve endings in the skin are sensitive to changes in temperature.They are part of a negative feedback mechanism regulating body temperature.These nerve endings represent a(n)________ in the negative feedback mechanism.

A)receptor
B)control center
C)homeostatic balance or "ideal" value
D)effector

Question 61

What type of homeostatic feedback reflex is the withdrawal reflex?

Question 62

The ability to sense changes in the environment and respond to them is called ________.

Question 63

Which cavity contains the bladder,some reproductive organs,and the rectum?

Question 64

Describe the overlap in function between the cardiovascular system and respiratory system.In other words,describe how they work together.

Question 65

What can happen when the usual negative feedback mechanisms are overwhelmed and destructive positive feedback mechanisms take over?

Question 66

A small family was traveling in its van and had a minor accident.The children in the back seats were wearing lap belts,but still sustained numerous bruises about the abdomen,and had some internal organ injuries.Why is this area more vulnerable to damage than others?

Question 67

Which body system would be most affected by a lower than normal atmospheric pressure?

Question 68

Steve was injured in a football accident.X-ray examination showed a fracture underlying his left brachial deformity.What part of his body was injured?

Question 69

What is the pathway between the receptor and the control center in the reflex pathway called?

Question 70

What broad term covers all chemical reactions that occur within the body cells?

Question 71

What is the action of all of the negative feedback mechanisms of the body?

Question 72

What is the function of the serous membranes?

Question 73

Why must a normal body temperature be maintained in order for chemical reactions to be continued at life-sustaining rates?

Question 74

What is the serous membrane that covers the intestines called?

Question 75

The integumentary system helps to maintain a boundary between the internal and external environment.Give an example of something that is prevented entry to the body and an example of something prevented from escaping the body by the integumentary system.

Question 76

Describe the overlap in function between the muscular system and skeletal system.In other words,describe how they work together.

Question 77

Which feedback mechanism causes the variable to deviate further and further from its original value or range?

Question 78

Can lungs carry out excretory functions? Explain your answer.

Question 79

Describe the opposing ways that the muscular system and integumentary system act as effectors in the regulation of body temperature.

Question 80

Why are the abdominopelvic cavity organs the most vulnerable to blunt deceleration in an automobile accident with seat belts?