Deck 11: Within Subjects Designs

Question 1

During the late 1980s and the early 1990s the Pepsi Challenge was in full swing.During the challenge, participants were asked to taste cola from both Coke and Pepsi.Once they had tasted both drinks, the participants were asked to report which was better tasting.The results indicated that participants found Pepsi products to be better tasting.This is an example of what type of research design?

A)between subjects design
B)within subjects design
C)mixed subjects design
D)within participant design

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Carefully review the research matrix presented below.If this is a within subjects design, how many total participants will be used in the experiment?
$$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | } \hline \text { Rock Music Group } & \text { Rap Music Group } & \text { Hip-Hop Music, Group } \\\hline 30 \text { participants } & 30 \text { participants } & 30 \text { participants } \\\hline\end{array}$$

A)90
B)30
C)60
D)Cannot determine

Answer 2

30

Question 3

During the late 1980s and the early 1990s the Pepsi Challenge was in full swing.During the challenge, participants were asked to taste cola from both Coke and Pepsi.Once they had tasted both drinks, the participants were asked to report which was better tasting.The results indicated that participants found Pepsi products to be better tasting.Which of the following is an advantage of this type of research design?

A)fatigue
B)attrition
C)less statistical variance
D)order effects

Answer 3

C

Question 4

In Chapter 11 we discussed a study known as the Stroop effect.Stroop developed 3 types of stimuli for his study.Each type of stimuli presented a different task that participants had to complete.Stroop then measured the amount of time it took the participants to complete each task.What is the dependent variable in this study?

A)the time to complete the task
B)the Stroop effect
C)the stimuli in the study
D)the three tasks

Question 5

In a within subjects design, all participants are exposed to conditions) of the independent variable.

A)all
B)several
C)one
D)some

Question 6

Which of the following statements regarding a within subjects design is correct?

A)Participants are exposed to only one level of the independent variable.
B)Participants are exposed to all levels of the independent variable.
C)Participants are exposed to a maximum of two levels of the independent variable.
D)None of the above.

Question 7

During the late 1980s and the early 1990s the Pepsi Challenge was in full swing.During the challenge, participants were asked to taste cola from both Coke and Pepsi.Once they had tasted both drinks, the participants were asked to report which was better tasting.The results indicated that participants found Pepsi products to be better tasting.Which of the following is a disadvantage of this type of design?

A)fewer participants
B)less statistical variance
C)order effects
D)equal group sizes

Question 8

In Chapter 7 we discussed a study on monitor size.In Chapter 11 we revisited this study and discovered it was actually a within subjects design.Therefore, participants were exposed to which sizes of computer monitor?

A)17
B)19
C)2d.All of the above

Question 9

In Chapter 7 we discussed a study on monitor size.In Chapter 11 we revisited this study and discovered it was actually a within subjects design.The research matrix is given below.
$$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | } \hline 17 \text { inch } & 19 \text { inch } & 21 \text { inch } \\\hline 25 \text { participants } & 25 \text { participants } & 25 \text { participants } \\\hline\end{array}$$
If you wanted to give every participant in the study a piece of paper with the contact information of the researchers, how many pieces of paper will you need for this within subjects design?

A)25
B)75
C)50
D)100

Question 10

Your friend Joe wants to know about the study on monitor size and reaction time described in question #10.Tell Joe how many groups it is possible that a particular participants would be exposed to given that the study was a within subjects design.

A)1 of 3 groups
B)2 of 3 groups
C)3 of 3 groups
D)2 of 2 groups

Question 11

Carefully review the research matrix presented below.If this is a within subjects design, how many total participants will be used in the experiment?
$$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | } \hline \text { No Caffeine } & 8 \text { Ouncess } & 24 \text { Ouncess } \\\hline 10 \text { participants } & 10 \text { participants } & 10 \text { participants } \\\hline\end{array}$$

A)10
B)20
C)30
D)Cannot determine

Question 12

In Chapter 11 we discussed a study known as the Stroop effect.Stroop developed 3 types of stimuli for his study.Each type of stimuli presented a different task that participants had to complete.Stroop then measured the amount of time it took the participants to complete each task.This is an example of what type of design?

A)between subjects design
B)within subjects design
C)between participants design
D)mixed subjects design

Question 13

In Chapter 11 we discussed a study known as the Stroop effect.Stroop developed 3 types of stimuli for his study.Each type of stimuli presented a different task that participants had to complete.Stroop then measured the amount of time it took the participants to complete each task.Which of the following is an advantage of this type of research design?

A)fatigue
B)attrition
C)less statistical variance
D)order effects

Question 14

During the late 1980s and the early 1990s the Pepsi Challenge was in full swing.During the challenge, participants were asked to taste cola from both Coke and Pepsi.Once they had tasted both drinks, the participants were asked to report which was better tasting.The results indicated that participants found Pepsi products to be better tasting.What is the dependent variable in this study?

A)Pepsi challenge
B)reported taste of the drinks
C)the different colas
D)the labels on the drinks

Question 15

In Chapter 11 we discussed a study known as the Stroop effect.Stroop developed 3 types of stimuli for his study.Each type of stimuli presented a different task that participants had to complete.Stroop then measured the amount of time it took the participants to complete each task.What is the independent variable in this study?

A)the time to complete the task
B)the Stroop effect
C)the stimuli in the study
D)participants reaction time

Question 16

A design exposes participants to all levels or conditions to of the independent variable.

A)between subjects
B)single subjects
C)within subjects
D)mixed subjects

Question 17

In Chapter 11 we discussed a study known as the Stroop effect.Stroop developed 3 types of stimuli for his study.Each type of stimuli presented a different task that participants had to complete.Stroop then measured the amount of time it took the participants to complete each task.Which of the following is a disadvantage of this type of design?

A)fewer participants
B)less statistical variance
C)carryover effects
D)equal group sizes

Question 18

Tamir et al.2008) conducted a study to see what impact music has on participants playing computer games.The researchers had participants play computer games while listening to angry, exciting, and neutral music.The researchers then measured the participant's performance while listening to each type of music.This is an example of what type of design?

A)between subjects design
B)within subjects design
C)between participants design
D)mixed subjects design

Question 19

Carefully review the research matrix presented below.If this is a within subjects design, how many total participants will be used in the experiment?
$$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | } \hline \text { Immaculate Appearance } & \text { Neat Appearance } & \text { Sloppy Appearance } \\\hline 15 \text { participants } & 15 \text { participants } & 15 \text { participants } \\\hline\end{array}$$

A)15
B)30
C)45
D)60

Question 20

During the late 1980s and the early 1990s the Pepsi Challenge was in full swing.During the challenge, participants were asked to taste cola from both Coke and Pepsi.Once they had tasted both drinks, the participants were asked to report which was better tasting.The results indicated that participants found Pepsi products to be better tasting.What is the independent variable in this study?

A)Pepsi challenge
B)reported taste of the drinks
C)the different colas
D)the labels on the drinks

Question 21

Which of the following is not a disadvantage of a within subjects design?

A)fatigue
B)attrition
C)order effects
D)less statistical variance

Question 22

Janiszewski and Uy 2008) conducted an experiment in which they had 43 participants read 10 scenarios.In this study, the researchers wanted to determine the impact of the scenario type on the anchoring and adjusting of participants.Anchoring and adjustment occurs when people use a starting point anchor) as a basis to make judgments about a given scenario adjustment).Which of the following is an advantage of this type of research design?

A)fatigue
B)attrition
C)equal group sizes
D)order effects

Question 23

Tamir et al.2008) conducted a study to see what impact music has on participants playing computer games.The researchers had participants play computer games while listening to angry, exciting, and neutral music.The researchers then measured the participant's performance while listening to each type of music.What is the independent variable in this study?

A)types of music
B)the performance on the computer games
C)playing computer games
D)neutral music

Question 24

Tamir et al.2008) conducted a study to see what impact music has on participants playing computer games.The researchers had participants play computer games while listening to angry, exciting, and neutral music.The researchers then measured the participant's performance while listening to each type of music.Which of the following is an advantage of this type of research design?

A)fatigue
B)attrition
C)fewer participants
D)carryover effects

Question 25

While conducting her within subjects design, Katie notices that participants are failing to fully complete the last level of the independent variable.Specifically, subjects are leaving questions blank and do not appear to be placing as much effort into the study as they were in the first level of the independent variable.Katie is seeing what disadvantage to using a within subjects design?

A)attrition
B)practice effects
C)fatigue
D)order effects

Question 26

Which of the following is a disadvantage of a within subjects design?

A)fewer participants
B)less statistical variance
C)attrition
D)equal group sizes

Question 27

Tamir et al.2008) conducted a study to see what impact music has on participants playing computer games.The researchers had participants play computer games while listening to angry, exciting, and neutral music.The researchers then measured the participant's performance while listening to each type of music.How many levels to the independent variable in this study?

A)b.2
C)3
D)None of the above

Question 28

Janiszewski and Uy 2008) conducted an experiment in which they had 43 participants read 10 scenarios.In this study, the researchers wanted to determine the impact of the scenario type on the anchoring and adjusting of participants.Anchoring and adjustment occurs when people use a starting point anchor) as a basis to make judgments about a given scenario adjustment).How many levels are there for the independent variable in this study?

A)43
B)10
C)2
D)None of the above

Question 29

Janiszewski and Uy 2008) conducted an experiment in which they had 43 participants read 10 scenarios.In this study, the researchers wanted to determine the impact of the scenario type on the anchoring and adjusting of participants.Anchoring and adjustment occurs when people use a starting point anchor) as a basis to make judgments about a given scenario adjustment).Which of the following is a disadvantage of this type of research design?

A)fewer participants
B)less statistical variance
C)equal group sizes
D)attrition

Question 30

Which of the following is not a disadvantage of a within subjects design?

A)carry over effects
B)fatigue
C)order effects
D)fewer participants

Question 31

Within subjects have less due to the same participants being exposed to all levels of the independent variable.

A)attrition
B)fatigue
C)statistical variance
D)power

Question 32

Janiszewski and Uy 2008) conducted an experiment in which they had 43 participants read 10 scenarios.In this study, the researchers wanted to determine the impact of the scenario type on the anchoring and adjusting of participants.Anchoring and adjustment occurs when people use a starting point anchor) as a basis to make judgments about a given scenario adjustment).What is the dependent variable in this study?

A)the scenarios
B)the judgments
C)anchors and adjustments
D)the starting point

Question 33

The degree of spread among data surrounding the mean is known as .

A)sample size.
B)effect size.
C)statistical variance.
D)attrition.

Question 34

A within subject design will use participants than/as a between subjects design.

A)more
B)less
C)the same
D)half of the

Question 35

Tamir et al.2008) conducted a study to see what impact music has on participants playing computer games.The researchers had participants play computer games while listening to angry, exciting, and neutral music.The researchers then measured the participant's performance while listening to each type of music.What is the dependent variable in this study?

A)types of music played during the study
B)the performance on the computer games
C)computer games
D)neutral music

Question 36

Janiszewski and Uy 2008) conducted an experiment in which they had 43 participants read 10 scenarios.In this study, the researchers wanted to determine the impact of the scenario type on the anchoring and adjusting of participants.Anchoring and adjustment occurs when people use a starting point anchor) as a basis to make judgments about a given scenario adjustment).This is an example of what type of design?

A)between participants design
B)matched subjects design
C)within subjects design
D)between subjects design

Question 37

Within subject designs use participants whereas between subject designs use .

A)less, more.
B)more, less.
C)twice as many, half as many.
D)half as many, twice as many.

Question 38

Tamir et al.2008) conducted a study to see what impact music has on participants playing computer games.The researchers had participants play computer games while listening to angry, exciting, and neutral music.The researchers then measured the participant's performance while listening to each type of music.Which of the following is a disadvantage of this type of research design?

A)fewer participants
B)less statistical variance
C)equal group sizes
D)fatigue

Question 39

Which of the following is an advantage of a within subjects design?

A)fatigue
B)attrition
C)less statistical variance
D)carryover effects

Question 40

Janiszewski and Uy 2008) conducted an experiment in which they had 43 participants read 10 scenarios.In this study, the researchers wanted to determine the impact of the scenario type on the anchoring and adjusting of participants.Anchoring and adjustment occurs when people use a starting point anchor) as a basis to make judgments about a given scenario adjustment).What is the independent variable in this study?

A)the scenarios
B)the judgments
C)anchoring and adjustments
D)the starting point

Question 41

Ted is conducting a within subjects design with four levels to his independent variable.Ted has ¼ of the participants complete each level in ABCD order, a ¼ of participants in BCDA order, a ¼ of participants in CDAB order, and a ¼ of participants in DABC order.What is Ted using to limit order effects?

A)statistical variance
B)attrition
C)counterbalancing
D)mixed methodology

Question 42

Which disadvantage to within subjects designs involves a participant dropping out of a study or not returning to complete additional parts to a study?

A)fatigue
B)practice effects
C)statistical variance
D)attrition

Question 43

In the Pepsi Challenge, the rating of taste the participant gave for each cola is the dependent variable.

Question 44

The Pepsi Challenge is a great example of a within subjects design.

Question 45

In the Pepsi Challenge, the colas the participants drank were the dependent variable.

Question 46

When the effects of a prior treatment condition influences subsequent treatment conditions, a researcher is faced with this disadvantage to a within subject design.

A)order effects
B)carryover effects
C)practice effects
D)attrition

Question 47

Stacy has 4 levels to her independent variable.She has participants in her study complete part A, followed by B, C, and then D.When she analyzes her data, she notices that level D is always different from the rest of the levels.Stacy is most likely encountering what effect?

A)order effect
B)carryover effect
C)practice effect
D)alpha effect

Question 48

April has been working hard to look at the effects of homework difficulty on student desire to finish the work.She has decided to make sure that each group is equivalent on enthusiasm for school by measuring overall levels.April then pairs up the participants based on their enthusiasm before placing them in to the groups in her study.April is conducting a design.

A)within
B)between
C)mixed
D)matched
True/False Questions

Question 49

The disadvantage to a within subject design that involves the effects of a study being due to the participants experiencing the same order of presentation of the levels of the independent variable is called .

A)order effects.
B)carryover effects.
C)practice effects.
D)attrition.

Question 50

In a within subjects design, participants are exposed to only one level of the independent variable.

Question 51

To combat order effects that may occur with a within subjects design, many researchers will use .

A)fewer participants.
B)counterbalancing.
C)mixed subject designs.
D)multiple independent variables.

Question 52

Within subjects designs are also known as matched subjects designs.

Question 53

What kind of study uses a methodology in which participants are matched on a particular characteristic before being assigned to the different levels of the independent variable?

A)mixed subjects design
B)within subjects design
C)matched subjects design
D)between subjects design

Question 54

In a within subjects design, participant are exposed to all levels of the independent variable.

Question 55

The Pepsi Challenge is a great example of a between subjects design.

Question 56

Susan is conducting a within subjects design.Her independent variable has 2 levels that must occur 1 week apart.In the first session during the first week, Susan has 120 participants.However, a week later when the second session occurs, Susan only has 85 participants show for the study.What disadvantage to within subject designs is Susan encountering?

A)fatigue
B)attrition
C)practice effects
D)order effects

Question 57

In a within subjects design, participants are exposed to all levels of the dependent variable.

Question 58

In the Pepsi Challenge, the colas the participants drank were the independent variable.

Question 59

In a within subjects design, all participants are exposed to all levels of the independent variable.A major concern to the participants going through all levels of the independent variable is becoming tired of participating in the study.What disadvantage is being described here?

A)attrition
B)carryover effects
C)fatigue
D)order effects

Question 60

In the Pepsi Challenge, the rating of taste the participant gave for each cola is the independent variable.

Question 61

The degree of spread among data surrounding the mean is known a statistical variance.

Question 62

Participant fatigue only occurs in between subject designs.

Question 63

Participant fatigue occurs when a participant drops out of study or does not return to complete additional parts to a study.

Question 64

Within subject designs have more statistical variance than between subject designs.

Question 65

According to the text, the exposure of participants to all three monitor sizes represents a matched subjects design.

Question 66

Within subjects designs are also known as repeated measures designs.

Question 67

Within subject designs require additional steps to ensure that group sizes among conditions of an independent variable are equal.

Question 68

Advantages to within subject designs include attrition, fatigue, and order effects.

Question 69

Within subject and between subject designs have different advantages and disadvantages.

Question 70

Within subject designs that have three levels of the independent variable need three times as many participants as a similar between subject design.

Question 71

In a within subjects design, more participants are needed when compared with a between subjects design.

Question 72

Within subject designs that have three levels of the independent variable need one third as many participants as a similar between subject design.

Question 73

In a within subjects design, less participants are needed when compared with a between subjects design.

Question 74

Within subject and between subject designs have the same advantages and disadvantages.

Question 75

Advantages to within subject designs include fewer participants, less statistical variance, and equal group sizes.

Question 76

The degree of spread among data surrounding the mean is known as effect size.

Question 77

According to the text, the exposure of participants to all three monitor sizes represents a within subjects design.

Question 78

According to the text, the exposure of participants to all three monitor sizes represents a between subjects design.

Question 79

Disadvantages to within subject designs include fewer participants, less statistical variance, and equal group sizes.

Question 80

Disadvantages to within subject designs include attrition, fatigue, and order effects.