Deck 5: Waterʹs Unique Properties

Question 1

Which of the following phase changes of water is INCORRECTLY matched?

A)Melting energy absorbed
B)Evaporation energy released
C)Deposition energy released
D)Sublimation energy absorbed

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What is the heat energy involved in the change of state,or phase,in water?

A)Latent heat
B)Fusion heat
C)Mechanical heat
D)Sensible heat

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The latent heat of melting and the latent heat of freezing involve the absorption or release of calories per gram of water changing state.

A)100
B)540
C)80
D)585

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The hydrogen bonding in water creates ,a cohesive force that enables one to slightly overfill a glass with water or allows denser objects,such as a lengthwise steel needle,to float on water.

A)capillary action
B)friction
C)surface tension
D)heat exchange

Question 5

Surface tension and capillarity are the result of

A)molecular hold.
B)hydrogen bonding.
C)magnetic bonding.
D)gravitational attraction.

Question 6

Water movement through the soil and water held in a cylindrical tube result from a common phenomenon.What is this phenomenon?

A)Vacuum suction
B)Capillary action
C)Barometric pressure
D)Surface tension

Question 7

As water cools from room temperature to 4°C (39°F),it and its density .

A)contracts; decreases.
B)expands; decreases
C)contracts; increases
D)expands; increases

Question 8

Hydrogen bonding results from the fact that

A)nuclear fusion occurs between the ends of water molecules.
B)the hydrogen end of a water molecule is positively charged and the oxygen end is negatively charged.
C)there is no electrical charge on a water molecule.
D)the oxygen end of a water molecule is positively charged and the hydrogen end is negatively charged.
E)water molecules experience a strong gravitational attraction to one another.

Question 9

The movement of water throughout the atmosphere,hydrosphere,lithosphere,and biosphere is known as the

A)capillary movement.
B)hydroflux.
C)biogeochemical cycle.
D)hydrologic cycle.

Question 10

The phase changes water and other substances undergo are based on

A)diabatic forces acting on the molecules.
B)nuclear fusion processes between atoms of a substance.
C)the amount of motion of molecules and the strength of the bonds between them.
D)nuclear fission processes between atoms of a substance.
E)gravitational energy stored within the electron orbitals of atoms.

Question 11

The term deposition refers to

A)water vapor freezing to ice.
B)ice melting to water.
C)vapor condensing into liquid.
D)water freezing to ice.

Question 12

The scientific study of the short-term condition of the atmosphere is

A)climate.
B)geography.
C)meteorology.
D)weather.

Question 13

When water freezes,its volume

A)remains the same as in the liquid state.
B)decreases.
C)increases.

Question 14

When water freezes,its density

A)decreases.
B)increases.
C)remains the same as in the liquid state.

Question 15

Weather is

A)the climate of a region.
B)the long-term atmospheric condition,including extremes that may occur.
C)the short-term condition of the atmosphere.
D)a reference to temperature patterns only.

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the evaporation of water?

A)The phase change involves the latent heat of condensation.
B)The phase change involves the latent heat of evaporation.
C)The phase change involves the latent heat of deposition.
D)The phase change involves the latent heat of sublimation.

Question 17

Below a temperature of 4°C (39°F),water and its density .

A)contracts; increases
B)contracts; decreases
C)expands; decreases
D)expands; increases

Question 18

Which of the following phase changes of water is INCORRECTLY matched?

A)Vaporization: solid to gas
B)Melting: solid to liquid
C)Condensation: gas to liquid
D)Deposition: gas to solid

Question 19

The density of pure ice is

A)greater than that of water.
B)the same as water.
C)less than that of water.
D)highly variable.

Question 20

Out of all the water present in the Earth systems,is stored in the atmosphere.

A)approximately 2%
B)less than 0.03%
C)a variable amount,but averaging 50%
D)15%

Question 21

Water vapor in the atmosphere is called

A)water.
B)sublimation.
C)deposition.
D)humidity.

Question 22

At saturation,the further addition of water vapor or a decrease in temperature results in .

A)evaporation.
B)condensation.
C)freezing.
D)sublimation.

Question 23

A humidity measure that remains constant as temperature and pressure change,and which is expressed as a mass of water vapor per mass (g/kg)of air,is

A)relative humidity.
B)the dew-point.
C)vapor pressure.
D)specific humidity.

Question 24

When water evaporates,it heat energy and the surrounding air.

A)absorbs; cools
B)releases; cools
C)releases; heats
D)absorbs heats

Question 25

If a kilogram of air at 20°C (68°F)has a specific humidity of 7.5 g/kg,the relative humidity is

A)25%.
B)50%.
C)75%.
D)100%.

Question 26

As temperature increases,the amount of energy available for evaporation

A)increases.
B)decreases.
C)remains constant.

Question 27

The capacity of air for water vapor is primarily a function of the of both the air and water vapor.

A)volume
B)temperature
C)density
D)pressure

Question 28

If the amount of water vapor in the air remained constant,but the air temperature increased throughout the day,the relative humidity would

A)increase.
B)decrease.
C)remain constant.

Question 29

As temperature increases,the saturation vapor pressure

A)increases.
B)decreases.
C)remains constant.

Question 30

In winter,freezing water can break pipes and even crack engine blocks.Why does this happen?

A)Ice is denser than water.
B)It occurs because of the latent heat of fusion.
C)Water contracts as it cools and freezes.
D)Water expands in volume as it freezes.

Question 31

On a typical day,the point of highest relative humidity is associated with

A)solar noon.
B)dusk.
C)the time of the highest temperature.
D)the time of the lowest temperature.

Question 32

The portion of air pressure exerted by water vapor is the

A)dew point.
B)vapor pressure.
C)psychrometer.
D)absolute humidity.

Question 33

Assuming the amount of water vapor remains constant,a temperature increase will the specific humidity.

A)increase
B)decrease
C)have no effect on
D)increase until the dew point is met,then decrease

Question 34

occurs when the relative humidity is 100%.

A)Saturation
B)Sublimation
C)Evaporation
D)Deposition

Question 35

When water condenses,it heat energy and the surrounding air.

A)releases; heats
B)absorbs; cools
C)releases; cools
D)absorbs heats

Question 36

The process of deposition in the atmosphere produces

A)frost.
B)rain.
C)water vapor.
D)ice.

Question 37

Relative humidity is

A)the amount of moisture in the air relative to your own sensible feelings.
B)a basically unused concept when it comes to weather topics.
C)the amount of water vapor in the air compared to the normal amount.
D)the amount of water vapor in the air relative to the water vapor capacity of the air.

Question 38

When temperatures are below freezing,the temperature at which air becomes saturated leading to the formation of frost is the .

A)relative humidity.
B)dew point.
C)absolute humidity.
D)frost point.

Question 39

A mass of air always becomes saturated when it reaches the

A)specific humidity point.
B)dew-point temperature.
C)highest temperature of the day.
D)lowest temperature of the day.

Question 40

In which of the following months would the relative humidity likely be the highest (assuming a Northern Hemisphere station).

A)January
B)July
C)March
D)September

Question 41

Which of the following normally would be TRUE of the humidity above the hot,moist,tropical rain forests of the world?

A)The saturation vapor pressure would be low.
B)The relative humidity would be high.
C)The specific humidity would be low.

Question 42

The difference between the dry adiabatic rate and the moist adiabatic rate is on account of

A)the latent heat of condensation.
B)altitudinal temperature differences.
C)less atmospheric pressure.
D)the specific heat of water.

Question 43

Which of the following would cause the evaporation rate to decrease?

A)Increased water availability
B)Increased temperature
C)Increased wind speed
D)Increased relative humidity

Question 44

An air parcel is considered unstable when it

A)it ceases to ascend.
B)continues to rise until it reaches an altitude at which the surrounding air has a similar temperature.
C)either remains as it is,or changes its initial position.
D)it resists displacement upward.

Question 45

Cloud-condensation nuclei over the ocean consist primarily of

A)minute fragments of sea shells.
B)pieces of coral.
C)clay particles.
D)salt particles.

Question 46

If you visited Mount Shasta City (elevation 900 m [3000 ft.])and found the outside air temperature to be 27°C (81°F),what would be the air temperature at the summit of Mount Shasta (elevation 4200 m [14,000 ft.])at that moment assuming that the temperature conditions with altitude change at an average,or normal,lapse rate?

A)10°C (39.2°F)
B)5)9°C (42.5°F)
C)2°C (35.6°F)
D)48°C (118.4°F)

Question 47

Which of the following is TRUE regarding cloud-condensation nuclei?

A)Continental air masses contain more than 10 times the condensation nuclei of maritime air masses.
B)Maritime air masses generally possess more nuclei per cubic meter than continental air masses.
C)Continental air masses average about a billion nuclei per cubic meter.
D)Condensation nuclei is rare in urban environments.

Question 48

The wet adiabatic rate is than the dry adiabatic rate because .

A)greater; condensation cools the air
B)less; condensation cools the air
C)less; condensation heats the air
D)greater; condensation heats the air

Question 49

The dry adiabatic rate (DAR)is
A)10°C per 1000 m (5.5°F per 1000 ft.).

A)a term that refers to the temperature decrease in the still,calm air that surrounds a moving air parcel.
B)the rate used for a saturated parcel of air.
D)6°C per 1000 m (3.3°F per 1000 ft).

Question 50

When the environmental lapse rate is between the dry and moist adiabatic lapse rates conditions are described as

A)unstable.
B)adiabatic.
C)conditionally unstable.
D)stability.

Question 51

Which of the following is CORRECTLY matched?

A)Environmental lapse rate 6.4°C/1000 m
B)Dry adiabatic rate 10°C/1000 m
C)Normal lapse rate 3.5°C/1,000 m
D)Moist adiabatic lapse late 15°C/1000 m

Question 52

A parcel of air,with less than 100% relative humidity,that is rising because of heat energy derived from the surface is

A)conditionally unstable.
B)unstable.
C)stable.

Question 53

The condensation process requires

A)dew-point temperatures alone.
B)cloud-condensation nuclei and saturated air.
C)condensation nuclei alone.
D)moisture droplets.

Question 54

If the saturation vapor pressure increases while the amount of water vapor in the air remains constant,this would indicate

A)that the temperature had increased.
B)that the air was cooling by expansion.
C)that the temperature had decreased as a result of the loss of heat energy.
D)none of the above.

Question 55

The point where saturation begins in a rising air parcel is

A)cloud condensation nuclei.
B)the lifting condensation level.
C)the moist adiabatic rate.
D)the dry adiabatic rate.

Question 56

Air that is not saturated will cool or heat at a rate of as it rises or descends,respectively.

A)6)4°C per 1000 m (3.5°F per 1000 ft.)
B)6°C per 1000 m (3.3°F per 1000 ft.)
C)10°C per 1000 m (5.5°F per 1000 ft.)

Question 57

The two opposing forces determining the vertical position of a parcel of air are

A)buoyant force and gravitational force.
B)centrifugal force and coriolis force.
C)gravitational force and pressure gradient force.
D)coriolis force and buoyant force.

Question 58

Assume a warm air parcel,at sea level,has a temperature of 21 °C (70°F)and begins to rise upward.Assume it becomes saturated at 1000 m (3300 ft)altitude,and continues to rise to 2000 m (6600 ft.)altitude.What would the approximate temperature of the parcel be at an elevation of 2000 m (6600 ft.)?

A)1°C (44.6°F)
B)8)2°C (48.2°F)
C)9°C (41.°F)
D)5°C (46.4°F)

Question 59

The general term that refers to the tendency of a parcel of air to either remain in place or change its initial position is

A)adiabatic.
B)conditional instability.
C)stasis.
D)stability.

Question 60

Which of the following would be TRUE of the humidity above the hot,dry,subtropical deserts of the world during the daytime?

A)The saturation vapor pressure would be low.
B)The relative humidity would always be high.
C)The specific humidity would be very low.

Question 61

A stratus cloud that produces precipitation is known as

A)cirrostratus.
B)altostratus.
C)nimbostratus.
D)stratocumulus.

Question 62

A fog that develops when warm,moist air blows over a cold current (such as the California Current)is an example of fog.

A)advection
B)evaporation
C)convection
D)radiation

Question 63

The prefix nimbo- and the suffix -nimbus means

A)that clouds are generally dissipating.
B)that clouds are generally forming.
C)that the clouds are producing precipitation.
D)clouds that occur in the middle altitudes (2000 -6000 m).

Question 64

Which of the following are CORRECTLY matched?

A)Flat or layered clouds - cumulus
B)Puffy or globular clouds - cumuliform
C)Puffy or globular clouds - cirroform
D)Wispy clouds - water droplets

Question 65

An individual raindrop consists of approximately moisture droplets.

A)20
B)2000
C)1 million
D)1 trillion

Question 66

Flat and puffy clouds with horizontal development are classed as

A)cumuliform.
B)cirroform.
C)stratiform.

Question 67

Which of the following best describes a cloud?

A)A visible aggregation of tiny moisture droplets and ice crystals suspended in the air.
B)Uniform featureless smoke lighter than the force of gravity.
C)Aggregated condensation nuclei.
D)Suspended raindrops that have not yet fallen under the force of gravity.

Question 68

Vertically developed puffy and globular clouds are classed as

A)cumuliform.
B)cirroform.
C)stratiform.

Question 69

Which of the following is TRUE regarding cirrostratus clouds?

A)They are uniform,featureless,and grey like high fog.
B)They form a veil of ice crystals that creates a halo around the Moon or Sun.
C)They are sharply outlined,and billowy.
D)The Sunʹs outline is just visible through these clouds.

Question 70

Which of the following is a middle-level cloud type?

A)Cumulonimbus
B)Stratocumulus
C)Cirrostratus
D)Altostratus

Question 71

Cooling of a surface overnight that chills the air layer directly above that surface may form

A)an advection fog.
B)an evaporation fog.
C)a radiation fog.
D)an upslope fog.

Question 72

Which of the following is a high altitude cloud?

A)Cirrus
B)Altocumulus
C)Cumulus
D)Stratus

Question 73

Which type of cloud would dominate the weather in a region under the ITCZ?

A)Altostratus
B)Cirrus
C)Cumulonimbus
D)Cirrocumulus

Question 74

What type of cloud that has a thin wispy appearance,consists of ice crystals,and often precedes a warm front?

A)Cumulonimbus
B)Stratocumulus
C)Altostratus
D)Cirrus

Question 75

A thunderstorm is associated with clouds.

A)cirrostratus
B)altostratus
C)cumulonimbus
D)stratocumulus

Question 76

Clouds that have vertical development and produce thunderstorms are called

A)stratocumulus.
B)cumulus.
C)nimbostratus.
D)cumulonimbus.

Question 77

High altitude wispy clouds made of ice crystals are classed as

A)cumuliform.
B)cirroform.
C)stratiform.

Question 78

Which of the following is INCORRECT?

A)Cumulus cloud = vertically developed cloud
B)Precipitation = rain,sleet,snow,hail
C)Cloud droplets = condensation nuclei and water
D)Fog = a stratus cloud that is high in elevation off the ground

Question 79

Which cloud type can indicate an oncoming storm,especially if they thicken and lower in elevation?

A)Fog
B)Cumulus
C)Cirrus
D)Stratocumulus

Question 80

Which of the following cloud type is associated with rain?

A)Cirrostratus
B)Stratocumulus
C)Cirrus
D)Lenticular
E)Cumulonimbus