Deck 12: Drainage Basins and Drainage Patterns

Question 1

This drainage pattern is characteristic of dipping or folded topography.

A)Trellis
B)Annular
C)Radial
D)Rectangular

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Drainage basins are systems.

A)open
B)closed
C)open in terms of energy,closed in terms of matter
D)closed in terms of energy,open in terms of matter

Answer 2

A

Question 3

This drainage pattern is associated with steep slopes.

A)Dendritic
B)Parallel
C)Trellis
D)Deranged

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Overland flow can concentrate in small grooves called ,which can enlarge to form .

A)striations; potholes
B)rills; gullies
C)striations; gullies
D)gullies; rills
E)potholes; striations

Question 5

The science of water and its global circulation,distribution,and properties is known as

A)climatology.
B)hydrology.
C)geomorphology.
D)lithology.

Question 6

What is the drainage density of a 100 mi2 drainage basin with 25 miles of stream,running through three rivers?

A)4 mi./mi².
B)3)
C)33.333.
D)0)25 mi./mi².

Question 7

A basin in which water leaves via evapotranspiration or subsurface gravitational flow instead of reaching the ocean is said to have

A)a disappearing stream.
B)a closed system.
C)sheetflow.
D)internal drainage.

Question 8

The high ground that separates one valley from another and directs sheetflow is known as

A)the maximum contour elevation.
B)the continental divide.
C)an interfluve.
D)drainage divide.

Question 9

Drainage density refers to

A)the arrangement of channels in a given area.
B)the number of channels in an area.
C)the thickness of the water in the stream.
D)a measure determined by dividing the length of all the the channels by the area of its drainage basin.

Question 10

This drainage pattern results when streams flow off a central peak or dome.

A)Radial
B)Rectangular
C)Trellis
D)Annular

Question 11

Faulted and jointed landscapes directs streams courses in patterns of right -angle turns forming this drainage pattern.

A)Rectangular
B)Radial
C)Dendritic
D)Trellis

Question 12

Stream drainage patterns are determined by which of the following?

A)Regional steepness and relief
B)Climate
C)Variations in rock resistance
D)Climate,regional steepness and relief,and variations in rock resistance

Question 13

Drainage density is determined by

A)averaging the discharge values across a drainage basin.
B)dividing the total length of all stream channels in a basin by the area of the basin.
C)dividing the actual path length of a stream by the shortest path length of the stream.
D)dividing the number of streams in a basin by the basin area.

Question 14

A drainage divide that separates drainage basins that empty into different bodies of water surrounding a continent are known as

A)continental divides.
B)interfluves.
C)catchments.
D)deltas.

Question 15

Processes that are related expressly to streams and rivers are termed

A)limnetic.
B)lotic.
C)geomorphic.
D)fluvial.

Question 16

The general term for channelized water flow,regardless of size,is

A)rill.
B)stream.
C)river.
D)gully.

Question 17

This tree-like drainage pattern efficiently moves water and sediment through its system due to minimization of the total length of each branch.

A)Deranged
B)Dendritic
C)Trellis
D)Radial

Question 18

The area of land from which all water in it drains into the same place is known as a(n)

A)watershed.
B)drainage divide
C)fluvial units.
D)interfluve.

Question 19

Of the worldʹs largest rivers,which has the greatest discharge?

A)Amazon River
B)Zaire (Congo)River
C)Missouri-Ohio-Mississippi river system
D)Chang Chiang (Yangtze)of Asia

Question 20

Watersheds are defined by

A)drainage divides.
B)fluvial units.
C)stream orders.
D)continental divides.

Question 21

As the discharge of a stream increases,which of the following also happens?

A)Width,depth,and velocity all increase.
B)Stream channels narrow,become shallower,and lose velocity.
C)Channel width increases but channel depth decreases.
D)The rate of flow decreases.

Question 22

A central peak,such as a volcanic mountain,generally produces a drainage pattern.

A)trellis
B)annular
C)parallel
D)radial

Question 23

The downstream portion of a river

A)features greater hydraulic action than do upstream portions.
B)has lower discharges than do upstream portions.
C)generally becomes more sluggish.
D)generally is of higher velocity,although it is masked by reduced turbulence.

Question 24

Which of the following may act as a local base level?

A)A lake that a river flows into
B)An interfluve
C)The upper surface of a waterfall
D)A drainage divide

Question 25

Structural domes with concentric patterns of rock strata guide stream courses to form this drainage pattern.

A)Annular
B)Dendritic
C)Parallel
D)Radial

Question 26

When a dam and reservoir are constructed,the natural response of the river and its channel gradient come under the control of

A)an ultimate base level.
B)the government.
C)a local,or temporary,base level.
D)the same base level that existed prior to construction.

Question 27

A drainage system that maintains its original course and pattern as it erodes into older underlying rock of a different geological structure is called a(n)

A)discordant stream.
B)deranged pattern.
C)superposed stream.
D)annular pattern.

Question 28

Rectangular drainage patterns form primarily as a result of

A)flow through a faulted landscape.
B)domal uplift.
C)flow through anticlinal and synclinal topography.
D)differential resistance to erosion.

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT factored when considering discharge?

A)Channel width
B)Channel depth
C)Velocity
D)Channel length

Question 30

The ultimate base level is

A)a drainage divide.
B)a dam.
C)dependent on the geological substrate.
D)sea level.

Question 31

Which of the following landforms is INCORRECTLY matched with a drainage pattern?

A)Folded mountain belt trellis
B)Volcano radial
C)Topographically disrupted areas parallel
D)Eroded dome annular

Question 32

The degradation of a landscape by weathering,erosion,and transportation will ultimately reduce the landscape down to

A)the mountain tops.
B)base level.
C)continental shelf.
D)valley level.

Question 33

Steep slopes and some relief generally produce which drainage pattern?

A)Annular
B)Parallel
C)Deranged
D)Dendritic

Question 34

With no clear geometry and no true stream valley,this drainage pattern occurs in areas such as glaciated shield regions.

A)Radial
B)Deranged
C)Dendritic
D)Parallel

Question 35

The drop in stream elevation per unit distance is known as

A)gradient.
B)aspect.
C)discharge.
D)base level.

Question 36

If a stream originates in a humid region,but subsequently flows through an arid region,discharge is likely highest

A)at an estuary or confluence with another stream.
B)upstream.
C)midstream.
D)downstream.

Question 37

The the idea of base level refers to

A)the average height of a stream channel.
B)a level below which a stream cannot erode its valley.
C)the amount of discharge in a particular reach of a stream.
D)an evolutionary cycle of landscape development from fluvial action.

Question 38

A mass of water above base level in a stream has energy; as it flows downstream,this energy becomes energy.

A)potential; kinetic
B)kinetic; potential
C)kinetic; kinetic
D)potential; potential

Question 39

In most river basins in humid regions,discharge is highest

A)downstream.
B)midstream.
C)at the headwaters.
D)upstream.

Question 40

A streamʹs volume of flow per unit of time is its

A)velocity.
B)flow rate.
C)discharge.
D)speed.

Question 41

This graph,showing the effects of urbanization on streamflow over time,is an example of a

A)climograph.
B)water budget.
C)hydrological cycle.
D)hydrograph.

Question 42

The effect of urbanization on a typical stream hydrograph is to

A)increase lag time between storm peak and peak stream discharge.
B)decrease runoff.
C)create a base flow.
D)decrease lag time between storm peak and peak stream discharge.

Question 43

A squeeze-and-release action works to loosen and lift rocks in a stream channel.This is an example of

A)suspension.
B)deposition.
C)abrasion.
D)hydraulic action.

Question 44

Excess sediment may result in which of the following channel patterns?

A)Straight,steep-walled channels
B)Braided stream
C)Meandering stream
D)V-shaped valleys

Question 45

The main process contributing material in solution in sediment load is

A)chemical weathering.
B)erosion.
C)physical weathering.
D)biological weathering.

Question 46

The process whereby streams deepen their channel is known as

A)headwater erosion.
B)stream piracy
C)channel incision.
D)saltation.

Question 47

Stream transport involves all of the following EXCEPT

A)traction.
B)bed load.
C)sheet flow.
D)saltation.

Question 48

The sediment load consisting of coarse material too large to remain in suspension,moving along the channel bottom via traction and saltation is the

A)suspended load.
B)flow load.
C)bed load.
D)dissolved load.

Question 49

If the load exceeds a streamʹs capacity,sediment accumulates in the bed in a process called

A)aggradation.
B)saltation.
C)degradation.
D)downcutting.

Question 50

Which of the following is used to measure streamflow?

A)Reservoirs
B)Barometer and sling psychrometer
C)Statistical methods of probability
D)Stilling well and staff gauge

Question 51

streams flow year-round,fed by snowmelt,rainfall,groundwater,or a combination thereof.

A)Permanent
B)Intermittent
C)Ephemeral
D)Perennial

Question 52

The sediment load that travels in solution is

A)suspended load.
B)bed load.
C)dissolved load.
D)flow load.

Question 53

The largest material that can be carried by a stream is carried as

A)flow load.
B)dissolved load.
C)bed load.
D)suspended load.

Question 54

The sediment load consisting of fine-grained clastic particles held aloft in the stream is the

A)dissolved load.
B)flow load.
C)suspended load.
D)bed load.

Question 55

Bed load is moved by

A)suspension.
B)traction.
C)saltation.
D)saltation,traction,and suspension
E)both saltation and traction,but not suspension.

Question 56

Channels with gradual slopes often develop a sinuous form called a pattern.

A)meandering stream
B)braided stream
C)straight
D)anabranching

Question 57

The suspended load of a stream consists of particles that are

A)dissolved in solution.
B)dragged along the stream bed.
C)held aloft in the stream flow.
D)rolled and bounced along the stream bed.

Question 58

Which of the following lists of processes are in the CORRECT sequence from beginning to end?

A)Weathering,deposition,erosion,transport
B)Weathering,erosion,transport,deposition
C)Deposition,erosion,transport,weathering
D)Weathering,erosion,deposition,transport

Question 59

The total possible load a stream can transport is its ,whereas a streamʹs ability to move particles of specific size is its .

A)bed load; sediment load
B)capacity; competence
C)competence; capacity
D)discharge; competence

Question 60

Which of the following is INCORRECTLY matched?

A)Particles rolled and bounced along a stream bed saltation
B)Capacity the total possible load that a stream can transport
C)Abrasion a hydraulic squeeze-and-release action
D)Fine particles physically held aloft in a stream suspended load
E)Competence a streamʹs ability to move particles of a specific size

Question 61

Maximum velocity in a meandering stream is

A)at the outer portion of the meander curve.
B)at the center and near the surface.
C)at the inner portion of the meander curve.
D)near the bottom.

Question 62

Maximum velocity in a straight channel is found

A)near the inside of a meander.
B)at the center and near the surface,corresponding with the shallowest parts of the stream channel.
C)near the bottom.
D)at the center and near the surface,corresponding with the deepest parts of the stream channel.

Question 63

A stream that downcuts at the same rate as tectonic uplift,thereby maintaining its course is called a(n)

A)meandering stream.
B)antecedent stream.
C)anabranching river.
D)rejuvenated river.

Question 64

Which of the following is INCORRECTLY matched?

A)Aggradation sediment accumulation in the stream channel
B)Point bar area of substantial erosion
C)Braided stream maze of interconnected channels
D)Cutbank outer portion of a stream meander

Question 65

is the general term for unconsolidated clay,silt,sand,gravel,and mineral fragments deposited by running water.

A)Aggradation
B)Deposition
C)Alluvium
D)Degradation

Question 66

A cutoff on a meandering stream results in the formation of

A)a levee.
B)a terrace.
C)a point bar.
D)a braided stream.
E)an oxbow lake.

Question 67

Which of the following is likely to occur if the gradient of a stream increases? (Assume that the discharge and sediment load remain unchanged.)

A)The stream will begin to erode its channel and/or its banks.
B)The amount of aggradation in the channel will increase.
C)The stream will begin to deposit more of its load.
D)The amount of bed load transport will decrease.

Question 68

Which is typical of a rejuvenated system?

A)Entrenched meanders
B)Increased downcutting
C)Terraces
D)Oxbow lakes
E)Entrenched meanders,increased downcutting and terraces

Question 69

Entrenchment of a channel occurs because

A)the river flows from consolidated rock into a region composed of loose sediments.
B)rejuvenation occurs due to uplift.
C)isostatic downwarping of the crust occurs.
D)a decrease in stream gradient occurs.
E)a change in the bed load size-distribution occurs.

Question 70

Which of the following is CORRECT of the longitudinal profile of most rivers?

A)It is convex in shape.
B)It is concave in shape.
C)It is gentle upstream and steep downstream.
D)It always changes at a constant rate from the headwater region to the sea.

Question 71

A(n)is a meander that becomes isolated from the rest of the river.

A)cutoff
B)oxbow lake
C)undercut bank
D)point bar

Question 72

An interruption in a streamʹs graded profile of equilibrium is called a

A)longitudinal interruption.
B)base level.
C)gradation.
D)nickpoint.

Question 73

A meandering stream is one that is

A)closed in terms of energy and matter input.
B)delicately balanced between equilibrium and chaos.
C)completely unstable.
D)completely stable.

Question 74

The portion of each meandering curve subject to the slowest water velocity undergoes aggradation.This results in a(n)

A)meander scar.
B)point bar.
C)cutback.
D)oxbow.

Question 75

A stream becomes graded when

A)a local base level controls the stream.
B)a river achieves a longitudinal stream profile of a steeper upstream portion.
C)its basin becomes rejuvenated.
D)erosion and deposition are in equilibrium.

Question 76

As they migrate,meandering streams erode their out outside banks,often forming a narrow neck of land that eventually erodes through and forms a and the stream becomes .

A)point bar; wider
B)cutback; more sinuous
C)cutoff; straighter
D)meander scar; narrower

Question 77

A(n)is a stream that maintains an equilibrium between the processes of erosion and deposition and,therefore degradation and aggradation.

A)graded stream
B)anabranching river
C)oxbow
D)meandering stream

Question 78

The portion of each meandering curve subject to the fastest water velocity undergoes the greatest erosive action.This action forms a steep

A)point bar.
B)oxbow.
C)cutback.
D)meander scar.

Question 79

Which of the following tends to occur when an area experiences tectonic uplift in its headwater region?

A)The amount of turbulence will decrease.
B)The stream will begin to deposit more of its load.
C)The channel will begin to erode downward at a faster rate.
D)The stream will lose energy.

Question 80

Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding floodplains?

A)They are generally low-lying areas.
B)They are characterized by rapids and low waterfalls.
C)They are formed by recurrent flooding in the area adjacent to the stream.
D)Natural levees on either side of a stream are formed during times when the stream is at flood stage and overflows the bank.