Deck 4: Chinas Classical Age, to 221 Bce

Question 1

The existence of which item found in the tombs at Anyang, pictured here, is evidence of the role of sacrifice in a king's burial?

A) Chariots
B) Grave goods
C) Pottery
D) Various pieces of jade

Answer 1

Chariots

Question 2

According to texts found in Shang royal tombs, what important role did Shang kings fulfill?

A) They were also philosophers.
B) They were considered to be gods.
C) They were the dynasty's most important merchants.
D) They were military chieftains.

Answer 2

They were military chieftains.

Question 3

Which of the following facilitated communication between China, Vietnam, and Japan?

A) Japan, Korea, and Vietnam adopted the Chinese script for writing.
B) All three societies used the same spoken language.
C) Japan, Korea, Vietnam, and China developed a common sign language.
D) All three used the same phonetic script for writing.

Answer 3

Japan, Korea, and Vietnam adopted the Chinese script for writing.

Question 4

Which of the following is a true statement about the underground tombs built for Shang kings?

A) All were constructed from wood and few exist today.
B) They were quite simple compared with those of other ancient civilizations.
C) Their contents reveal that the Shang practiced human sacrifice.
D) The coffins indicate that bodies of nobility were partly mummified.

Question 5

According to Map 4.1, "The Geography of Historical China," what geographic feature was likely very important to many Neolithic settlements?

A) Access to the sea
B) Close proximity to mountains
C) Access to the Korean peninsula
D) Nearness to river ways

Question 6

How was the Chinese system of writing similar to that in Egypt and Sumer?

A) All three were logographic systems.
B) Each symbol in all three systems represented a spoken syllable.
C) Each of the three was an early alphabetical system.
D) It was impossible to express abstract concepts in any of the three systems.

Question 7

In Shang culture, what was a taotie?

A) A priest who lived in a temple
B) A message intended for a god
C) A tool used to write
D) A stylized animal face image

Question 8

The development of more complex forms of social organization in Shang China coincided with the mastery of what skill?

A) Shipbuilding
B) Pottery making
C) Silk weaving
D) Metalworking

Question 9

What was Anyang?

A) An ancient legal philosophy
B) A mythical Chinese ruler
C) The Shang capital for more than two centuries
D) A vision of the unity of nature

Question 10

What was right outside the central core of Anyang?

A) Merchants' shops
B) Farms
C) Temples
D) Industrial areas

Question 11

In addition to leading his kingdom, what other important role did the Shang king fulfill?

A) He controlled all trade.
B) He was a master of the healing arts.
C) He served as the high priest.
D) He was considered a reincarnation of Di.

Question 12

What was the predominant agricultural activity in the Yangzi River basin?

A) Wheat farming
B) Rice farming
C) Cotton farming
D) Vegetable farming

Question 13

Approximately when did the Chinese begin to practice agriculture?

A) 9000 B.C.E.
B) 5000 B.C.E.
C) 1000 B.C.E.
D) 750 B.C.E.

Question 14

Which of these was an important source of revenue for Shang kings?

A) Import taxes
B) War booty
C) Religious tithes
D) Sales taxes

Question 15

How did the development of China compare with that of India and Mesopotamia?

A) China engaged in much more long-distance trade with other civilizations.
B) China had many more cultural breaks in its history.
C) China had no written language.
D) China had little contact with other people in Eurasia.

Question 16

Where did the Shang kings obtain the slaves that provided them with one of their most important sources of revenue?

A) They were often men and women taken as war captives.
B) They were people who were in debt to the king.
C) They were orphans who were taken by the king and sold into slavery.
D) They were the king's former concubines, who were often sold into slavery.

Question 17

Which Chinese dynasty was the first to have writing, cities, and metalworking?

A) Xiongnu
B) Shang
C) Zhou
D) Yangzi

Question 18

Shang warriors' weapons were tipped with what?

A) Iron
B) Steel
C) Bronze
D) Bone

Question 19

How is the dominant soil type in the Yellow River basin, loess, best defined?

A) Hard-packed earth difficult to dig into
B) An iron-rich soil with a reddish tint
C) A loose, wind-driven soil that is easy to till
D) A loose, sandy soil that is not very fertile

Question 20

From what material were the tools of Shang farmers made?

A) Bronze
B) Stone
C) Iron
D) Wood

Question 21

According to Maps 4.1 and 4.2, which of the following is likely true of the Zhou Dynasty?

A) They found trade to be difficult.
B) They inherited the traditions of Neolithic culture.
C) They often came into contact with peoples from Mesopotamia.
D) They housed numerous urban settlements.

Question 22

According to Map 4.1, "The Geography of Historical China," the Neolithic settlements along which river may have experienced problems with flooding due to the increased probability of silt accumulation at the bottom of the river?

A) The Yalu River
B) The Ganges River
C) The Yangzi River
D) The Yellow River

Question 23

Confucius redefined the term gentleman (or junzi) as which of the following?

A) A man of noble birth and status
B) A religious priest
C) A man of moral cultivation
D) A successful merchant

Question 24

According to the map "The Warring States, 403-221 B.C.E.," what advantage did regions such as Qin or Chu have over Han or Wei?

A) They had more direct access to major rivers.
B) They had more direct access to the East China Sea.
C) Their relatively similar size reduced the possibility of political fragmentation.
D) Their ease of expansion gave them access to more resources.

Question 25

What new military technology did the Chinese develop around 350 B.C.E.?

A) The longbow
B) The crossbow
C) The mace
D) The cannon

Question 26

Who helped the Zhou kings rule their newly conquered kingdom?

A) Local, native warlords
B) A powerful, centralized bureaucracy
C) Family members and other loyal followers
D) Military experts from Korea and Japan

Question 27

The adoption of armor by Chinese soldiers was a response to which of the following military technologies?

A) Gunpowder
B) Siege engines
C) Bronze swords
D) The crossbow

Question 28

According to the Book of Documents, what did a ruler have to do to retain the Mandate of Heaven?

A) Govern in the best interests of the people
B) Expand his territorial holdings
C) Remain humble and discreet
D) Make sacrifices to the gods

Question 29

What was the ultimate virtue according to Confucius?

A) Piety
B) Humanity
C) Physical strength
D) Humility

Question 30

The need for a chariot-riding aristocracy was diminished by the introduction of what military advancement?

A) Iron weapons
B) Cavalry
C) Camel saddles
D) Leather armor

Question 31

Why is the Book of Songs especially valuable for people studying early Zhou China?

A) It serves as the best source for understanding everyday life at various social levels.
B) It explains the complexity of the Mandate of Heaven.
C) It tells the story of China's first musicians.
D) It is a political manual much like India's Arthashastra.

Question 32

How did the seven states that emerged out of the Warring States Period compare with the Zhou state?

A) They were more centralized than the Zhou.
B) They were less militarized than the Zhou.
C) They were geographically larger than the Zhou.
D) They traded less with other states than the Zhou.

Question 33

The development of which of the following helped to promote economic expansion in the early Zhou period?

A) Writing
B) Iron technology
C) Laws
D) Education

Question 34

What are the traditional dates for the life of Confucius?

A) 551-479 B.C.E.
B) 187-102 B.C.E.
C) 430-363 B.C.E.
D) 315-274 B.C.E.

Question 35

How many relationships did Confucius see as the basis of society?

A) One
B) Three
C) Five
D) Seven

Question 36

In The Art of War, Sun Wu argued that military success required what?

A) Great heroism from every man under command
B) That orders by commanders be followed without question
C) A leader who believed that surrender was the greatest dishonor
D) A king who was willing to lead troops into battle

Question 37

When did the Zhou rise up and overthrow the Shang?

A) Around 3150 B.C.E.
B) Around 2250 B.C.E.
C) Around 1400 B.C.E.
D) Around 1050 B.C.E.

Question 38

Which dynasty created the theory of the Mandate of Heaven?

A) The Qing
B) The Shang
C) The Zhou
D) The Han

Question 39

In 771 B.C.E., the Zhou capital was moved to what city after the king was killed and replaced by his son?

A) Anyang
B) Chang-an
C) Beijing
D) Luoyang

Question 40

According to Confucius, what was the basic unit of society?

A) Kingdom
B) Family
C) Village
D) Individual

Question 41

Describe how the Qin Dynasty used Legalism.

Question 42

The thinker Xunzi argued that

A) people will always be corrupted by experience.
B) human nature is fundamentally good.
C) there is no point in trying to change human nature.
D) people are born selfish and greedy but can be trained to be good.

Question 43

Unlike Confucius, Xunzi was willing to discuss which of the following?

A) Ethics
B) Morality
C) Religion
D) Education

Question 44

How did China benefit from keeping a logographic script for writing?

Question 45

What kinds of songs are found in the Book of Songs, and what do they reveal about Zhou daily life?

Question 46

What role did war play in the development of the Shang Dynasty?

Question 47

In The Art of War, what were some of the beliefs about military strength and preparedness outlined by Sun Wu?

Question 48

What advantage did Xunzi have when compared to Confucius and Mencius?

A) He had considerable political experience.
B) He offered broad ideas that were less developed and detailed.
C) He trained to be a priest and thought heaven should be involved in human affairs.
D) His father had been a philosopher as well.

Question 49

What do yin and yang represent?

A) Good and evil forces in nature
B) Complementary masculine and feminine principles
C) Skills of ritual and music
D) Distinct entities that are opposing forces

Question 50

How did the decentralized rule of the Zhou help both to create and to weaken the Zhou state?

Question 51

According to the philosophy of the Laozi, people would be better off if they did what?

A) Traveled more
B) Knew less
C) Learned to read
D) Developed new tools

Question 52

Explain how Shang kings served a religious function in their state.

Question 53

Compare the two primary river systems of China, the Yellow and Yangzi. How did the differences in these river systems affect the development of Shang and Zhou China?

Question 54

According to advocates of Legalism, what characteristics should the ideal government have?

A) Government should be bureaucratic and authoritarian.
B) Government should put an end to social hierarchy.
C) All governmental leaders should be highly moral and pious.
D) Government should be small and weak.

Question 55

Compare and contrast the ideas of Confucius, Mencius, and Xunzi.

Question 56

Why did Mencius believe that a benevolent ruler would be successful?

A) He would never be invaded or attacked.
B) He would be proclaimed a god.
C) He would be able to intimidate his subjects.
D) He would have his subjects' loyalty.

Question 57

What was the Zhuangzi?

A) The second text written by Laozi that discussed politics
B) A work that questioned whether life was better than death
C) A text written to refute the ideas of Confucius
D) An essay that concerned itself mostly with political thought

Question 58

Under Qin Legalist principles, in addition to taxes, subjects owed the state which of the following?

A) Proof of education
B) Labor service
C) Worship of the emperor
D) Animal sacrifice

Question 59

What kinds of things did the Shang make out of bronze, and what do those bronze objects reveal about Shang society?

Question 60

A follower of Confucius, Mencius claimed what about human beings?

A) That human nature is fundamentally good
B) That people need to serve their rulers without question
C) That people can never learn to recognize right from wrong
D) That people should govern themselves

Question 61

Use the following to answer questions :
taotie

A)A concept of complementary poles, one of which represents the feminine, dark, and receptive, and the other the masculine, bright, and assertive.
B)One of the earliest Chinese books, containing documents, speeches, and historical accounts about early Zhou rule.
C)A powerful mechanical bow developed during the Warring States Period.
D)A stylized animal face commonly seen in Chinese bronzes.
E)Political theorists who emphasized the need for rigorous laws and laid the basis for China's later bureaucratic government.
F)The theory that Heaven gives the king a mandate to rule only as long as he rules in the interests of the people.
G)The earliest collection of Chinese poetry; it provides glimpses of what life was like in the early Zhou Dynasty.
H)Soil deposited by wind; it is fertile and easy to work.
I)Humanity, the ultimate Confucian virtue; it is translated as perfect goodness, benevolence, humanity, human-heartedness, and nobility.
J)Reverent attitude of children to their parents extolled by Confucius.
K)The Way, a term used by Daoists to refer to the natural order and by Confucians to refer to the moral order.
L)A system of writing in which each word is represented by a single symbol, such as the Chinese script.
M)One of the Shang Dynasty capitals from which the Shang kings ruled for more than two centuries.
N)The lower ranks of Chinese aristocracy; these men could serve in either military or civil capacities.
O)The time in Chinese history between 403 B.C.E. and 221 B.C.E. when states fought each other and one state after another was destroyed.

Question 62

Use the following to answer questions :
yin and yang

A)A concept of complementary poles, one of which represents the feminine, dark, and receptive, and the other the masculine, bright, and assertive.
B)One of the earliest Chinese books, containing documents, speeches, and historical accounts about early Zhou rule.
C)A powerful mechanical bow developed during the Warring States Period.
D)A stylized animal face commonly seen in Chinese bronzes.
E)Political theorists who emphasized the need for rigorous laws and laid the basis for China's later bureaucratic government.
F)The theory that Heaven gives the king a mandate to rule only as long as he rules in the interests of the people.
G)The earliest collection of Chinese poetry; it provides glimpses of what life was like in the early Zhou Dynasty.
H)Soil deposited by wind; it is fertile and easy to work.
I)Humanity, the ultimate Confucian virtue; it is translated as perfect goodness, benevolence, humanity, human-heartedness, and nobility.
J)Reverent attitude of children to their parents extolled by Confucius.
K)The Way, a term used by Daoists to refer to the natural order and by Confucians to refer to the moral order.
L)A system of writing in which each word is represented by a single symbol, such as the Chinese script.
M)One of the Shang Dynasty capitals from which the Shang kings ruled for more than two centuries.
N)The lower ranks of Chinese aristocracy; these men could serve in either military or civil capacities.
O)The time in Chinese history between 403 B.C.E. and 221 B.C.E. when states fought each other and one state after another was destroyed.

Question 63

Use the following to answer questions :
crossbow

A)A concept of complementary poles, one of which represents the feminine, dark, and receptive, and the other the masculine, bright, and assertive.
B)One of the earliest Chinese books, containing documents, speeches, and historical accounts about early Zhou rule.
C)A powerful mechanical bow developed during the Warring States Period.
D)A stylized animal face commonly seen in Chinese bronzes.
E)Political theorists who emphasized the need for rigorous laws and laid the basis for China's later bureaucratic government.
F)The theory that Heaven gives the king a mandate to rule only as long as he rules in the interests of the people.
G)The earliest collection of Chinese poetry; it provides glimpses of what life was like in the early Zhou Dynasty.
H)Soil deposited by wind; it is fertile and easy to work.
I)Humanity, the ultimate Confucian virtue; it is translated as perfect goodness, benevolence, humanity, human-heartedness, and nobility.
J)Reverent attitude of children to their parents extolled by Confucius.
K)The Way, a term used by Daoists to refer to the natural order and by Confucians to refer to the moral order.
L)A system of writing in which each word is represented by a single symbol, such as the Chinese script.
M)One of the Shang Dynasty capitals from which the Shang kings ruled for more than two centuries.
N)The lower ranks of Chinese aristocracy; these men could serve in either military or civil capacities.
O)The time in Chinese history between 403 B.C.E. and 221 B.C.E. when states fought each other and one state after another was destroyed.

Question 64

Use the following to answer questions :
Book of Documents

A)A concept of complementary poles, one of which represents the feminine, dark, and receptive, and the other the masculine, bright, and assertive.
B)One of the earliest Chinese books, containing documents, speeches, and historical accounts about early Zhou rule.
C)A powerful mechanical bow developed during the Warring States Period.
D)A stylized animal face commonly seen in Chinese bronzes.
E)Political theorists who emphasized the need for rigorous laws and laid the basis for China's later bureaucratic government.
F)The theory that Heaven gives the king a mandate to rule only as long as he rules in the interests of the people.
G)The earliest collection of Chinese poetry; it provides glimpses of what life was like in the early Zhou Dynasty.
H)Soil deposited by wind; it is fertile and easy to work.
I)Humanity, the ultimate Confucian virtue; it is translated as perfect goodness, benevolence, humanity, human-heartedness, and nobility.
J)Reverent attitude of children to their parents extolled by Confucius.
K)The Way, a term used by Daoists to refer to the natural order and by Confucians to refer to the moral order.
L)A system of writing in which each word is represented by a single symbol, such as the Chinese script.
M)One of the Shang Dynasty capitals from which the Shang kings ruled for more than two centuries.
N)The lower ranks of Chinese aristocracy; these men could serve in either military or civil capacities.
O)The time in Chinese history between 403 B.C.E. and 221 B.C.E. when states fought each other and one state after another was destroyed.

Question 65

Use the following to answer questions :
logographic

A)A concept of complementary poles, one of which represents the feminine, dark, and receptive, and the other the masculine, bright, and assertive.
B)One of the earliest Chinese books, containing documents, speeches, and historical accounts about early Zhou rule.
C)A powerful mechanical bow developed during the Warring States Period.
D)A stylized animal face commonly seen in Chinese bronzes.
E)Political theorists who emphasized the need for rigorous laws and laid the basis for China's later bureaucratic government.
F)The theory that Heaven gives the king a mandate to rule only as long as he rules in the interests of the people.
G)The earliest collection of Chinese poetry; it provides glimpses of what life was like in the early Zhou Dynasty.
H)Soil deposited by wind; it is fertile and easy to work.
I)Humanity, the ultimate Confucian virtue; it is translated as perfect goodness, benevolence, humanity, human-heartedness, and nobility.
J)Reverent attitude of children to their parents extolled by Confucius.
K)The Way, a term used by Daoists to refer to the natural order and by Confucians to refer to the moral order.
L)A system of writing in which each word is represented by a single symbol, such as the Chinese script.
M)One of the Shang Dynasty capitals from which the Shang kings ruled for more than two centuries.
N)The lower ranks of Chinese aristocracy; these men could serve in either military or civil capacities.
O)The time in Chinese history between 403 B.C.E. and 221 B.C.E. when states fought each other and one state after another was destroyed.

Question 66

Use the following to answer questions :
Legalists

A)A concept of complementary poles, one of which represents the feminine, dark, and receptive, and the other the masculine, bright, and assertive.
B)One of the earliest Chinese books, containing documents, speeches, and historical accounts about early Zhou rule.
C)A powerful mechanical bow developed during the Warring States Period.
D)A stylized animal face commonly seen in Chinese bronzes.
E)Political theorists who emphasized the need for rigorous laws and laid the basis for China's later bureaucratic government.
F)The theory that Heaven gives the king a mandate to rule only as long as he rules in the interests of the people.
G)The earliest collection of Chinese poetry; it provides glimpses of what life was like in the early Zhou Dynasty.
H)Soil deposited by wind; it is fertile and easy to work.
I)Humanity, the ultimate Confucian virtue; it is translated as perfect goodness, benevolence, humanity, human-heartedness, and nobility.
J)Reverent attitude of children to their parents extolled by Confucius.
K)The Way, a term used by Daoists to refer to the natural order and by Confucians to refer to the moral order.
L)A system of writing in which each word is represented by a single symbol, such as the Chinese script.
M)One of the Shang Dynasty capitals from which the Shang kings ruled for more than two centuries.
N)The lower ranks of Chinese aristocracy; these men could serve in either military or civil capacities.
O)The time in Chinese history between 403 B.C.E. and 221 B.C.E. when states fought each other and one state after another was destroyed.

Question 67

Use the following to answer questions :
filial piety

A)A concept of complementary poles, one of which represents the feminine, dark, and receptive, and the other the masculine, bright, and assertive.
B)One of the earliest Chinese books, containing documents, speeches, and historical accounts about early Zhou rule.
C)A powerful mechanical bow developed during the Warring States Period.
D)A stylized animal face commonly seen in Chinese bronzes.
E)Political theorists who emphasized the need for rigorous laws and laid the basis for China's later bureaucratic government.
F)The theory that Heaven gives the king a mandate to rule only as long as he rules in the interests of the people.
G)The earliest collection of Chinese poetry; it provides glimpses of what life was like in the early Zhou Dynasty.
H)Soil deposited by wind; it is fertile and easy to work.
I)Humanity, the ultimate Confucian virtue; it is translated as perfect goodness, benevolence, humanity, human-heartedness, and nobility.
J)Reverent attitude of children to their parents extolled by Confucius.
K)The Way, a term used by Daoists to refer to the natural order and by Confucians to refer to the moral order.
L)A system of writing in which each word is represented by a single symbol, such as the Chinese script.
M)One of the Shang Dynasty capitals from which the Shang kings ruled for more than two centuries.
N)The lower ranks of Chinese aristocracy; these men could serve in either military or civil capacities.
O)The time in Chinese history between 403 B.C.E. and 221 B.C.E. when states fought each other and one state after another was destroyed.

Question 68

What important military changes took place during the Warring States Period? What was the social impact of these changes?

Question 69

Use the following to answer questions :
Dao

A)A concept of complementary poles, one of which represents the feminine, dark, and receptive, and the other the masculine, bright, and assertive.
B)One of the earliest Chinese books, containing documents, speeches, and historical accounts about early Zhou rule.
C)A powerful mechanical bow developed during the Warring States Period.
D)A stylized animal face commonly seen in Chinese bronzes.
E)Political theorists who emphasized the need for rigorous laws and laid the basis for China's later bureaucratic government.
F)The theory that Heaven gives the king a mandate to rule only as long as he rules in the interests of the people.
G)The earliest collection of Chinese poetry; it provides glimpses of what life was like in the early Zhou Dynasty.
H)Soil deposited by wind; it is fertile and easy to work.
I)Humanity, the ultimate Confucian virtue; it is translated as perfect goodness, benevolence, humanity, human-heartedness, and nobility.
J)Reverent attitude of children to their parents extolled by Confucius.
K)The Way, a term used by Daoists to refer to the natural order and by Confucians to refer to the moral order.
L)A system of writing in which each word is represented by a single symbol, such as the Chinese script.
M)One of the Shang Dynasty capitals from which the Shang kings ruled for more than two centuries.
N)The lower ranks of Chinese aristocracy; these men could serve in either military or civil capacities.
O)The time in Chinese history between 403 B.C.E. and 221 B.C.E. when states fought each other and one state after another was destroyed.

Question 70

In China, as in the rest of the ancient world, geography played a crucial role in the development of civilization. Describe this role. How was China different from the ancient civilizations of West Asia, India, and North Africa?

Question 71

Confucianism had a profound impact on China. What are the basic tenets of Confucianism? How did Confucianism spread?

Question 72

Use the following to answer questions :
Anyang

A)A concept of complementary poles, one of which represents the feminine, dark, and receptive, and the other the masculine, bright, and assertive.
B)One of the earliest Chinese books, containing documents, speeches, and historical accounts about early Zhou rule.
C)A powerful mechanical bow developed during the Warring States Period.
D)A stylized animal face commonly seen in Chinese bronzes.
E)Political theorists who emphasized the need for rigorous laws and laid the basis for China's later bureaucratic government.
F)The theory that Heaven gives the king a mandate to rule only as long as he rules in the interests of the people.
G)The earliest collection of Chinese poetry; it provides glimpses of what life was like in the early Zhou Dynasty.
H)Soil deposited by wind; it is fertile and easy to work.
I)Humanity, the ultimate Confucian virtue; it is translated as perfect goodness, benevolence, humanity, human-heartedness, and nobility.
J)Reverent attitude of children to their parents extolled by Confucius.
K)The Way, a term used by Daoists to refer to the natural order and by Confucians to refer to the moral order.
L)A system of writing in which each word is represented by a single symbol, such as the Chinese script.
M)One of the Shang Dynasty capitals from which the Shang kings ruled for more than two centuries.
N)The lower ranks of Chinese aristocracy; these men could serve in either military or civil capacities.
O)The time in Chinese history between 403 B.C.E. and 221 B.C.E. when states fought each other and one state after another was destroyed.

Question 73

Use the following to answer questions :
ren

A)A concept of complementary poles, one of which represents the feminine, dark, and receptive, and the other the masculine, bright, and assertive.
B)One of the earliest Chinese books, containing documents, speeches, and historical accounts about early Zhou rule.
C)A powerful mechanical bow developed during the Warring States Period.
D)A stylized animal face commonly seen in Chinese bronzes.
E)Political theorists who emphasized the need for rigorous laws and laid the basis for China's later bureaucratic government.
F)The theory that Heaven gives the king a mandate to rule only as long as he rules in the interests of the people.
G)The earliest collection of Chinese poetry; it provides glimpses of what life was like in the early Zhou Dynasty.
H)Soil deposited by wind; it is fertile and easy to work.
I)Humanity, the ultimate Confucian virtue; it is translated as perfect goodness, benevolence, humanity, human-heartedness, and nobility.
J)Reverent attitude of children to their parents extolled by Confucius.
K)The Way, a term used by Daoists to refer to the natural order and by Confucians to refer to the moral order.
L)A system of writing in which each word is represented by a single symbol, such as the Chinese script.
M)One of the Shang Dynasty capitals from which the Shang kings ruled for more than two centuries.
N)The lower ranks of Chinese aristocracy; these men could serve in either military or civil capacities.
O)The time in Chinese history between 403 B.C.E. and 221 B.C.E. when states fought each other and one state after another was destroyed.

Question 74

Use the following to answer questions :
Book of Songs

A)A concept of complementary poles, one of which represents the feminine, dark, and receptive, and the other the masculine, bright, and assertive.
B)One of the earliest Chinese books, containing documents, speeches, and historical accounts about early Zhou rule.
C)A powerful mechanical bow developed during the Warring States Period.
D)A stylized animal face commonly seen in Chinese bronzes.
E)Political theorists who emphasized the need for rigorous laws and laid the basis for China's later bureaucratic government.
F)The theory that Heaven gives the king a mandate to rule only as long as he rules in the interests of the people.
G)The earliest collection of Chinese poetry; it provides glimpses of what life was like in the early Zhou Dynasty.
H)Soil deposited by wind; it is fertile and easy to work.
I)Humanity, the ultimate Confucian virtue; it is translated as perfect goodness, benevolence, humanity, human-heartedness, and nobility.
J)Reverent attitude of children to their parents extolled by Confucius.
K)The Way, a term used by Daoists to refer to the natural order and by Confucians to refer to the moral order.
L)A system of writing in which each word is represented by a single symbol, such as the Chinese script.
M)One of the Shang Dynasty capitals from which the Shang kings ruled for more than two centuries.
N)The lower ranks of Chinese aristocracy; these men could serve in either military or civil capacities.
O)The time in Chinese history between 403 B.C.E. and 221 B.C.E. when states fought each other and one state after another was destroyed.

Question 75

Use the following to answer questions :
loess

A)A concept of complementary poles, one of which represents the feminine, dark, and receptive, and the other the masculine, bright, and assertive.
B)One of the earliest Chinese books, containing documents, speeches, and historical accounts about early Zhou rule.
C)A powerful mechanical bow developed during the Warring States Period.
D)A stylized animal face commonly seen in Chinese bronzes.
E)Political theorists who emphasized the need for rigorous laws and laid the basis for China's later bureaucratic government.
F)The theory that Heaven gives the king a mandate to rule only as long as he rules in the interests of the people.
G)The earliest collection of Chinese poetry; it provides glimpses of what life was like in the early Zhou Dynasty.
H)Soil deposited by wind; it is fertile and easy to work.
I)Humanity, the ultimate Confucian virtue; it is translated as perfect goodness, benevolence, humanity, human-heartedness, and nobility.
J)Reverent attitude of children to their parents extolled by Confucius.
K)The Way, a term used by Daoists to refer to the natural order and by Confucians to refer to the moral order.
L)A system of writing in which each word is represented by a single symbol, such as the Chinese script.
M)One of the Shang Dynasty capitals from which the Shang kings ruled for more than two centuries.
N)The lower ranks of Chinese aristocracy; these men could serve in either military or civil capacities.
O)The time in Chinese history between 403 B.C.E. and 221 B.C.E. when states fought each other and one state after another was destroyed.

Question 76

Use the following to answer questions :
shi

A)A concept of complementary poles, one of which represents the feminine, dark, and receptive, and the other the masculine, bright, and assertive.
B)One of the earliest Chinese books, containing documents, speeches, and historical accounts about early Zhou rule.
C)A powerful mechanical bow developed during the Warring States Period.
D)A stylized animal face commonly seen in Chinese bronzes.
E)Political theorists who emphasized the need for rigorous laws and laid the basis for China's later bureaucratic government.
F)The theory that Heaven gives the king a mandate to rule only as long as he rules in the interests of the people.
G)The earliest collection of Chinese poetry; it provides glimpses of what life was like in the early Zhou Dynasty.
H)Soil deposited by wind; it is fertile and easy to work.
I)Humanity, the ultimate Confucian virtue; it is translated as perfect goodness, benevolence, humanity, human-heartedness, and nobility.
J)Reverent attitude of children to their parents extolled by Confucius.
K)The Way, a term used by Daoists to refer to the natural order and by Confucians to refer to the moral order.
L)A system of writing in which each word is represented by a single symbol, such as the Chinese script.
M)One of the Shang Dynasty capitals from which the Shang kings ruled for more than two centuries.
N)The lower ranks of Chinese aristocracy; these men could serve in either military or civil capacities.
O)The time in Chinese history between 403 B.C.E. and 221 B.C.E. when states fought each other and one state after another was destroyed.

Question 77

Explain the central tenets of Daoist thought and compare it to Confucianism.

Question 78

Use the following to answer questions :
Mandate of Heaven

A)A concept of complementary poles, one of which represents the feminine, dark, and receptive, and the other the masculine, bright, and assertive.
B)One of the earliest Chinese books, containing documents, speeches, and historical accounts about early Zhou rule.
C)A powerful mechanical bow developed during the Warring States Period.
D)A stylized animal face commonly seen in Chinese bronzes.
E)Political theorists who emphasized the need for rigorous laws and laid the basis for China's later bureaucratic government.
F)The theory that Heaven gives the king a mandate to rule only as long as he rules in the interests of the people.
G)The earliest collection of Chinese poetry; it provides glimpses of what life was like in the early Zhou Dynasty.
H)Soil deposited by wind; it is fertile and easy to work.
I)Humanity, the ultimate Confucian virtue; it is translated as perfect goodness, benevolence, humanity, human-heartedness, and nobility.
J)Reverent attitude of children to their parents extolled by Confucius.
K)The Way, a term used by Daoists to refer to the natural order and by Confucians to refer to the moral order.
L)A system of writing in which each word is represented by a single symbol, such as the Chinese script.
M)One of the Shang Dynasty capitals from which the Shang kings ruled for more than two centuries.
N)The lower ranks of Chinese aristocracy; these men could serve in either military or civil capacities.
O)The time in Chinese history between 403 B.C.E. and 221 B.C.E. when states fought each other and one state after another was destroyed.

Question 79

Describe the written Chinese language. How did the ability to write affect Chinese society?

Question 80

Use the following to answer questions :
Warring States Period

A)A concept of complementary poles, one of which represents the feminine, dark, and receptive, and the other the masculine, bright, and assertive.
B)One of the earliest Chinese books, containing documents, speeches, and historical accounts about early Zhou rule.
C)A powerful mechanical bow developed during the Warring States Period.
D)A stylized animal face commonly seen in Chinese bronzes.
E)Political theorists who emphasized the need for rigorous laws and laid the basis for China's later bureaucratic government.
F)The theory that Heaven gives the king a mandate to rule only as long as he rules in the interests of the people.
G)The earliest collection of Chinese poetry; it provides glimpses of what life was like in the early Zhou Dynasty.
H)Soil deposited by wind; it is fertile and easy to work.
I)Humanity, the ultimate Confucian virtue; it is translated as perfect goodness, benevolence, humanity, human-heartedness, and nobility.
J)Reverent attitude of children to their parents extolled by Confucius.
K)The Way, a term used by Daoists to refer to the natural order and by Confucians to refer to the moral order.
L)A system of writing in which each word is represented by a single symbol, such as the Chinese script.
M)One of the Shang Dynasty capitals from which the Shang kings ruled for more than two centuries.
N)The lower ranks of Chinese aristocracy; these men could serve in either military or civil capacities.
O)The time in Chinese history between 403 B.C.E. and 221 B.C.E. when states fought each other and one state after another was destroyed.