Deck 32: Liberalization, 1968-2000s

Question 1

What characterized the global economy in the 1970s and 1980s?

A) Deflation and recession
B) Hyperinflation
C) Stagflation and boom/bust cycles
D) A credit crunch

Answer 1

Stagflation and boom/bust cycles

Question 2

What led many Arab leaders to denounce Egypt in 1977?

A) Nasser lost the Six-Day War.
B) Egypt signed a peace settlement with Israel.
C) Sadat was assassinated.
D) Mubarak was accused of embezzling Arab League funds.

Answer 2

Egypt signed a peace settlement with Israel.

Question 3

Where did populist uprisings that occurred in North Africa and the Middle East begin in 2010-2011?

A) Syria
B) Libya
C) Israel
D) Tunisia

Answer 3

Tunisia

Question 4

What happened when Nigerian dictator General Sani Abacha died suddenly in 1998?

A) Another military dictatorship quickly emerged.
B) Nigerians established a new constitution and shifted to civilian rule.
C) Nigeria dissolved as a nation-state.
D) The country's Muslim minority was disenfranchised.

Question 5

How did the neoliberalism of the 1980s change the world economy?

A) It contributed to a shift in economic power to the developing world.
B) It increased the influence of free-market political ideals in the global economy.
C) It encouraged more developing countries to align themselves with the Soviet Union.
D) It undermined the "Washington Consensus."

Question 6

What contributed to the discrediting of the PRI in Mexico after 1968?

A) Corruption and failed neoliberal policies
B) Close association with discredited Marxist ideas
C) War with Central American states
D) A failed attempt to establish a free trade agreement (NAFTA)

Question 7

What goal of Hezbollah contributed to Middle East violence after the Camp David Accords of 1979?

A) Its determination to attack the United States
B) Its support of Soviet involvement in Afghanistan
C) Its rejection of any notion of Palestinian statehood
D) Its determination to destroy the state of Israel

Question 8

What country was the recognized leader of the Arab world in the 1970s?

A) Syria
B) Iraq
C) Egypt
D) Libya

Question 9

How did Europeans respond to the oil shocks of the 1970s?

A) Increasing political radicalism
B) Switching to a large degree to coal and natural gas
C) Increasing bicycle and mass transit use
D) Supporting an American invasion of Iraq

Question 10

Hamas won a majority of seats in the Palestinian legislature, which led to

A) immediate reopening of peace talks with Israel.
B) Israel building a wall around the West Bank.
C) the assassination of Yasir Arafat.
D) Israel suspending aid to the Palestinian Authority.

Question 11

How did petrodollars change the world economy from the 1970s?

A) They enriched developing countries.
B) They ensured that the industrialized West did not suffer inflation.
C) They ended the economic hegemony of the United States and western Europe.
D) They increased the availability of loans for developing states.

Question 12

What was a consequence of the Yom Kippur War in 1973?

A) Israel was briefly conquered.
B) Chemical weapons were used.
C) The United States became more involved in peacemaking efforts.
D) Arab states were seriously weakened.

Question 13

Which of these led the OPEC cartel to impose an oil embargo in 1973?

A) U.S. support for Israel in the Yom Kippur War
B) The death of Anwar Sadat, who had opposed the cartel
C) The Iranian revolution
D) Coordination with Britain, where oil had been discovered in the North Sea

Question 14

How did newfound oil wealth affect the development of Nigeria from the 1960s?

A) Nigeria experienced steady economic development with a weak political system.
B) The military became less influential over Nigerian politics.
C) Religious differences became less central to political divisions.
D) Political and cultural unity remained elusive as the economy endured boom and bust cycles.

Question 15

What was the intifada of the 1980s?

A) An Egyptian revolution
B) An Israeli political party
C) An Iranian uprising
D) A civil disobedience campaign

Question 16

How did the oil embargo affect America's standing in the world?

A) The embargo increased respect for the United States as American pressure finally broke the embargo, benefitting other Western economies.
B) The embargo led other producers of raw materials to challenge U.S. influence over the global economy.
C) The embargo ended the importance of the U.S. dollar as a global currency.
D) The embargo led to a widespread perception of declining U.S. influence.

Question 17

What did Yasir Arafat agree to do in 1993?

A) Attack Israel
B) Renounce the use of violence
C) Ally with China
D) Surrender to Israel

Question 18

U.S. president Jimmy Carter brokered a historic peace treaty between what two Middle East political entities at the 1979 Camp David Accords?

A) The Palestine Liberation Organization and Israel
B) Syria and the Palestine Liberation Organization
C) Egypt and Israel
D) Jordan and the Palestine Liberation Organization

Question 19

The 1995 assassination of Israeli prime minister Yitzhak Rabin

A) illustrated the divisions within Israeli society over the issue of peace with the Palestinians.
B) was carried out by the Palestine Liberation Organization.
C) underscored the extent of opposition Palestinians had toward Israel.
D) led to the forced expulsion of the remaining Arabs in Palestine.

Question 20

How did Brazil's military leaders react to the oil embargo of 1973?

A) Brazil remained a staunch U.S. ally.
B) Brazil resisted U.S. pressure to continue supporting Israel.
C) Brazil moved closer to the Soviet Union.
D) Brazil switched to nuclear power as much as possible.

Question 21

How did Chinese-American relations change after 1969?

A) They improved in limited but lasting ways.
B) They were transformed for the better.
C) War broke out between the two countries over Korea.
D) They soured as China grew closer to the Soviet Union.

Question 22

What did China refuse to allow the dissident Liu Xiaobo to do in 2010?

A) Emigrate to the United States
B) Travel to accept the Noble Peace Prize
C) Become the new Dalai Lama
D) Publish a novel that criticized communism

Question 23

What characterized the Chilean junta of Augusto Pinochet established in 1973?

A) Sympathy for Communist ideas
B) A close working alliance with Salvador Allende
C) Hostility to American activity in the region
D) Radical neoliberal economic reforms

Question 24

According to Map 32.4, "The European Union, 2017," beginning in what year were countries that were formerly a part of the Soviet sphere of influence granted admission to the European Union?

A) 1995
B) 2004
C) 2007
D) 2013

Question 25

Who led the protests at Tiananmen Square in 1989?

A) Soldiers
B) Students
C) Industrial workers
D) Women

Question 26

According to Map 32.4, "The European Union, 2017," what do the candidate countries of the European Union have in common?

A) They were all once members of the Ottoman Empire.
B) They were among the first countries conquered by Hitler's armies during World War II.
C) They were all once members of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
D) They were among the few countries that stayed neutral during both world wars.

Question 27

In the aftermath of the Tiananmen Square massacre, Deng and his government

A) ended the program of economic liberalization.
B) initiated a series of political reforms.
C) collapsed and were replaced by new leadership.
D) reaffirmed economic liberalization but suppressed calls for political liberalization.

Question 28

Who took control of the South African government in the 1970s?

A) A council of ANC and SWAPO members who dismantled the "total strategy" policy
B) Nelson Mandela, who was elected president, and vice president Frederik W. de Klerk
C) The "securocrats," a group of military and intelligence officers who enforced apartheid
D) Officials from neighboring countries who implemented policies to protect black citizens

Question 29

Why was Brazil especially vulnerable to the "oil shock" of 1979?

A) It imported a particularly significant amount of oil.
B) It had a democratic form of government.
C) It had the largest foreign debt in the developing world.
D) It paid especially high wages, contributing to inflation.

Question 30

Which of the following does China claim to be an integral part of its country?

A) Singapore
B) Burma
C) Northern Vietnam
D) Taiwan

Question 31

The educated middle-class professionals pictured here are representative of which of the following?

A) The lack of a professional middle class in postcolonial Africa
B) The enormous strain that doctors are under to combat Africa's AIDS epidemic
C) The impact of postindependence governments on African society
D) The serious lack of modern medical equipment in African hospitals

Question 32

Who was the leader of the moderates who came to power after Mao Zedong's death in 1976?

A) Zhao Ziyang
B) Sun Yatsen
C) Hu Shi
D) Deng Xiaoping

Question 33

Which of the following describes China's economic situation in the 1990s?

A) China's policies coupled economic freedom with political repression.
B) Economic policies rejected consumerism and returned to pure Marxist ideology.
C) China returned to an agrarian lifestyle and demolished industry.
D) China followed Russia's lead and encouraged open debate about government policies.

Question 34

Collectively, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, and South Korea were known as what?

A) The Asian Alliance
B) Southeast Asia for Peace
C) The "Asian Tigers"
D) The Asian Economic Union

Question 35

What led to Rhodesia's declaration of independence in 1965?

A) The unwillingness of blacks to share power
B) The political ideas of Nelson Mandela
C) Portuguese colonial policies
D) White supremacist attitudes

Question 36

What contributed to the outbreak of war between Iran and Iraq in 1980?

A) Missionary activity by Iranian Christians
B) A Hezbollah takeover in Iraq
C) Israeli support for the Iranian regime
D) Shi'ite and Sunni tensions

Question 37

What was the objective of the Chinese Cultural Revolution?

A) To mobilize the masses and create greater social equality
B) To foster economic modernization by concentrating on heavy industry
C) To foment a worldwide Communist revolution
D) To overthrow Mao and the Red Guards

Question 38

What was an important component of Deng Xiaoping's agricultural policies?

A) Accelerating the pace of collectivization
B) Allowing peasants to farm in small family units
C) Importing massive amounts of Western technology
D) Focusing his efforts on cash crops to enrich the overall economy

Question 39

What was an important step in economic recovery after World War II for both South Korea and Taiwan?

A) Rapid industrialization
B) Creating national labor unions
C) Nationalizing utilities
D) Radical land reform

Question 40

Who deposed Guatemalan reformist president Jacobo Arbenz in 1954?

A) The KGB
B) The CIA
C) The Guatemalan senate
D) A Honduran invasion

Question 41

Why did Pakistani president Pervez Musharraf go into exile in 2008?

A) He feared assassination.
B) He had been defeated in the polls and was certain he was going to be impeached.
C) He knew he would be forced to make reforms that he did not want.
D) He was forced out by a popular uprising.

Question 42

What factors have influenced the relationship between the United States and Pakistan?

Question 43

What were the consequences of Hamas's electoral victory in January 2006 through 2010?

Question 44

During the 1980s, most of Latin America returned to what form of government?

A) Anarchy
B) Oligarchy
C) Democracy
D) Dictatorship

Question 45

According to Map 32.2, "The Breakup of Yugoslavia," the city in which Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated was home to what ethnic majority in the early 1990s?

A) Croatians
B) Albanians
C) Macedonians
D) Serbians

Question 46

What led to the rise of OPEC as a global economic force in the 1970s?

Question 47

What was Jimmy Carter's reaction to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan?

A) He called for understanding and détente.
B) He urged the government in Afghanistan to cooperate with the Soviets.
C) He mobilized the U.S. military.
D) He was alarmed and détente stalled.

Question 48

What evidence of the lingering effects of European imperialism can be seen in Map 32.1, "Abrahamic Religions in the Middle East and Surrounding Regions"?

A) The presence of a large Christian minority in Ethiopia
B) The absence of the Ottoman Empire
C) The presence of several important port cities on the Persian Gulf
D) The presence of a Jewish homeland in Israel

Question 49

What characterized the development of capitalism in postwar Japan?

A) Cheap immigrant labor
B) Free-trade arrangements and partnerships with China
C) Dependency on American approaches to structuring state-industry relations
D) Managed and protected

Question 50

How did the BJP change Indian politics in 1998?

A) They came to power, strengthening Hindu nationalism.
B) They provoked a war with Pakistan.
C) They urged India to strengthen Commonwealth ties.
D) They demanded an end to Indian democracy.

Question 51

How did Mikhail Gorbachev attempt to reform the Soviet economy?

Question 52

How did Portugal decolonize in Africa?

Question 53

What happened to Benazir Bhutto in 2007 in Pakistan?

A) She killed Osama bin Laden.
B) She resigned as prime minister.
C) She beat Perez Musharraf in an election.
D) She was assassinated.

Question 54

Why did Egypt lose its status as the leader of the Arab world in the 1970s?

Question 55

Why was there so much violence in Central America during the Cold War?

Question 56

How did the Palestinian-Israeli conflict shape the development of Arab states, especially Egypt?

Question 57

How did the oil embargo and the policies of OPEC affect the economic development of the United States?

Question 58

What did the government of Pakistan announce in 1998?

A) They had captured Osama bin Laden.
B) They had developed nuclear weapons.
C) They were planning to invade Afghanistan.
D) They were no longer a secular state.

Question 59

What characterized the long rule of Indira Gandhi in India?

A) She worked to unite Hindus and Muslims.
B) She was a determined democrat.
C) She alternately supported and then sought to undermine democratic rule.
D) She opposed nearly all exercises of state power.

Question 60

When and why did China abandon its Communist form of economy in favor of capitalism?

Question 61

Use the following to answer questions :
Tiananmen Square

A)The main black nationalist organization in South Africa, led by Nelson Mandela.
B)Economic restructuring and reform implemented by Soviet premier Mikhail Gorbachev that permitted an easing of government price controls on some goods, more independence for state enterprises, and the establishment of profit-seeking private cooperatives.
C)The site of a Chinese student revolt in 1989 at which Communists imposed martial law and arrested, injured, or killed hundreds of students.
D)Beginning in 1987, a prolonged campaign of civil disobedience by Palestinian youth against Israeli soldiers; the Arabic word means "shaking off."
E)A return beginning in the 1980s to policies intended to promote free markets and the free circulation of capital across national borders.
F)An economic and political alliance of twelve European nations formed in 1993 that has since grown to include twenty-eight European nations.
G)The global recirculation by international banks of profits from the higher price of oil following the 1973 OPEC oil embargo.
H)The progressive relaxation of Cold War tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
I)The system of racial segregation and discrimination that was supported by the Afrikaner government in South Africa.
J)A government headed by a council of commanders of the branches of the armed forces.
K)Soviet premier Mikhail Gorbachev's popular campaign for government transparency and more open media.
L)Policies restricting public spending, lowering import barriers, privatizing state enterprises, and deregulating markets in response to the 1980s debt crisis in Latin America.
M)A nickname from the 1970s and 1980s used to describe what some considered the unfair relationship between Japan's business world and government.
N)Led by Lech Walęsa, an independent Polish trade union organized in 1980 that worked for the rights of workers and political reform.
O)A cartel formed in 1960 by oil-exporting countries designed to coordinate oil production and raise prices, giving those countries greater capacity for economic development and greater leverage in world affairs.

Question 62

Use the following to answer questions :
Washington Consensus

A)The main black nationalist organization in South Africa, led by Nelson Mandela.
B)Economic restructuring and reform implemented by Soviet premier Mikhail Gorbachev that permitted an easing of government price controls on some goods, more independence for state enterprises, and the establishment of profit-seeking private cooperatives.
C)The site of a Chinese student revolt in 1989 at which Communists imposed martial law and arrested, injured, or killed hundreds of students.
D)Beginning in 1987, a prolonged campaign of civil disobedience by Palestinian youth against Israeli soldiers; the Arabic word means "shaking off."
E)A return beginning in the 1980s to policies intended to promote free markets and the free circulation of capital across national borders.
F)An economic and political alliance of twelve European nations formed in 1993 that has since grown to include twenty-eight European nations.
G)The global recirculation by international banks of profits from the higher price of oil following the 1973 OPEC oil embargo.
H)The progressive relaxation of Cold War tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
I)The system of racial segregation and discrimination that was supported by the Afrikaner government in South Africa.
J)A government headed by a council of commanders of the branches of the armed forces.
K)Soviet premier Mikhail Gorbachev's popular campaign for government transparency and more open media.
L)Policies restricting public spending, lowering import barriers, privatizing state enterprises, and deregulating markets in response to the 1980s debt crisis in Latin America.
M)A nickname from the 1970s and 1980s used to describe what some considered the unfair relationship between Japan's business world and government.
N)Led by Lech Walęsa, an independent Polish trade union organized in 1980 that worked for the rights of workers and political reform.
O)A cartel formed in 1960 by oil-exporting countries designed to coordinate oil production and raise prices, giving those countries greater capacity for economic development and greater leverage in world affairs.

Question 63

Use the following to answer questions :
"Japan, Inc."

A)The main black nationalist organization in South Africa, led by Nelson Mandela.
B)Economic restructuring and reform implemented by Soviet premier Mikhail Gorbachev that permitted an easing of government price controls on some goods, more independence for state enterprises, and the establishment of profit-seeking private cooperatives.
C)The site of a Chinese student revolt in 1989 at which Communists imposed martial law and arrested, injured, or killed hundreds of students.
D)Beginning in 1987, a prolonged campaign of civil disobedience by Palestinian youth against Israeli soldiers; the Arabic word means "shaking off."
E)A return beginning in the 1980s to policies intended to promote free markets and the free circulation of capital across national borders.
F)An economic and political alliance of twelve European nations formed in 1993 that has since grown to include twenty-eight European nations.
G)The global recirculation by international banks of profits from the higher price of oil following the 1973 OPEC oil embargo.
H)The progressive relaxation of Cold War tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
I)The system of racial segregation and discrimination that was supported by the Afrikaner government in South Africa.
J)A government headed by a council of commanders of the branches of the armed forces.
K)Soviet premier Mikhail Gorbachev's popular campaign for government transparency and more open media.
L)Policies restricting public spending, lowering import barriers, privatizing state enterprises, and deregulating markets in response to the 1980s debt crisis in Latin America.
M)A nickname from the 1970s and 1980s used to describe what some considered the unfair relationship between Japan's business world and government.
N)Led by Lech Walęsa, an independent Polish trade union organized in 1980 that worked for the rights of workers and political reform.
O)A cartel formed in 1960 by oil-exporting countries designed to coordinate oil production and raise prices, giving those countries greater capacity for economic development and greater leverage in world affairs.

Question 64

Use the following to answer questions :
apartheid

A)The main black nationalist organization in South Africa, led by Nelson Mandela.
B)Economic restructuring and reform implemented by Soviet premier Mikhail Gorbachev that permitted an easing of government price controls on some goods, more independence for state enterprises, and the establishment of profit-seeking private cooperatives.
C)The site of a Chinese student revolt in 1989 at which Communists imposed martial law and arrested, injured, or killed hundreds of students.
D)Beginning in 1987, a prolonged campaign of civil disobedience by Palestinian youth against Israeli soldiers; the Arabic word means "shaking off."
E)A return beginning in the 1980s to policies intended to promote free markets and the free circulation of capital across national borders.
F)An economic and political alliance of twelve European nations formed in 1993 that has since grown to include twenty-eight European nations.
G)The global recirculation by international banks of profits from the higher price of oil following the 1973 OPEC oil embargo.
H)The progressive relaxation of Cold War tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
I)The system of racial segregation and discrimination that was supported by the Afrikaner government in South Africa.
J)A government headed by a council of commanders of the branches of the armed forces.
K)Soviet premier Mikhail Gorbachev's popular campaign for government transparency and more open media.
L)Policies restricting public spending, lowering import barriers, privatizing state enterprises, and deregulating markets in response to the 1980s debt crisis in Latin America.
M)A nickname from the 1970s and 1980s used to describe what some considered the unfair relationship between Japan's business world and government.
N)Led by Lech Walęsa, an independent Polish trade union organized in 1980 that worked for the rights of workers and political reform.
O)A cartel formed in 1960 by oil-exporting countries designed to coordinate oil production and raise prices, giving those countries greater capacity for economic development and greater leverage in world affairs.

Question 65

Use the following to answer questions :
perestroika

A)The main black nationalist organization in South Africa, led by Nelson Mandela.
B)Economic restructuring and reform implemented by Soviet premier Mikhail Gorbachev that permitted an easing of government price controls on some goods, more independence for state enterprises, and the establishment of profit-seeking private cooperatives.
C)The site of a Chinese student revolt in 1989 at which Communists imposed martial law and arrested, injured, or killed hundreds of students.
D)Beginning in 1987, a prolonged campaign of civil disobedience by Palestinian youth against Israeli soldiers; the Arabic word means "shaking off."
E)A return beginning in the 1980s to policies intended to promote free markets and the free circulation of capital across national borders.
F)An economic and political alliance of twelve European nations formed in 1993 that has since grown to include twenty-eight European nations.
G)The global recirculation by international banks of profits from the higher price of oil following the 1973 OPEC oil embargo.
H)The progressive relaxation of Cold War tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
I)The system of racial segregation and discrimination that was supported by the Afrikaner government in South Africa.
J)A government headed by a council of commanders of the branches of the armed forces.
K)Soviet premier Mikhail Gorbachev's popular campaign for government transparency and more open media.
L)Policies restricting public spending, lowering import barriers, privatizing state enterprises, and deregulating markets in response to the 1980s debt crisis in Latin America.
M)A nickname from the 1970s and 1980s used to describe what some considered the unfair relationship between Japan's business world and government.
N)Led by Lech Walęsa, an independent Polish trade union organized in 1980 that worked for the rights of workers and political reform.
O)A cartel formed in 1960 by oil-exporting countries designed to coordinate oil production and raise prices, giving those countries greater capacity for economic development and greater leverage in world affairs.

Question 66

Use the following to answer questions :
intifada

A)The main black nationalist organization in South Africa, led by Nelson Mandela.
B)Economic restructuring and reform implemented by Soviet premier Mikhail Gorbachev that permitted an easing of government price controls on some goods, more independence for state enterprises, and the establishment of profit-seeking private cooperatives.
C)The site of a Chinese student revolt in 1989 at which Communists imposed martial law and arrested, injured, or killed hundreds of students.
D)Beginning in 1987, a prolonged campaign of civil disobedience by Palestinian youth against Israeli soldiers; the Arabic word means "shaking off."
E)A return beginning in the 1980s to policies intended to promote free markets and the free circulation of capital across national borders.
F)An economic and political alliance of twelve European nations formed in 1993 that has since grown to include twenty-eight European nations.
G)The global recirculation by international banks of profits from the higher price of oil following the 1973 OPEC oil embargo.
H)The progressive relaxation of Cold War tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
I)The system of racial segregation and discrimination that was supported by the Afrikaner government in South Africa.
J)A government headed by a council of commanders of the branches of the armed forces.
K)Soviet premier Mikhail Gorbachev's popular campaign for government transparency and more open media.
L)Policies restricting public spending, lowering import barriers, privatizing state enterprises, and deregulating markets in response to the 1980s debt crisis in Latin America.
M)A nickname from the 1970s and 1980s used to describe what some considered the unfair relationship between Japan's business world and government.
N)Led by Lech Walęsa, an independent Polish trade union organized in 1980 that worked for the rights of workers and political reform.
O)A cartel formed in 1960 by oil-exporting countries designed to coordinate oil production and raise prices, giving those countries greater capacity for economic development and greater leverage in world affairs.

Question 67

Use the following to answer questions :
European Union (EU)

A)The main black nationalist organization in South Africa, led by Nelson Mandela.
B)Economic restructuring and reform implemented by Soviet premier Mikhail Gorbachev that permitted an easing of government price controls on some goods, more independence for state enterprises, and the establishment of profit-seeking private cooperatives.
C)The site of a Chinese student revolt in 1989 at which Communists imposed martial law and arrested, injured, or killed hundreds of students.
D)Beginning in 1987, a prolonged campaign of civil disobedience by Palestinian youth against Israeli soldiers; the Arabic word means "shaking off."
E)A return beginning in the 1980s to policies intended to promote free markets and the free circulation of capital across national borders.
F)An economic and political alliance of twelve European nations formed in 1993 that has since grown to include twenty-eight European nations.
G)The global recirculation by international banks of profits from the higher price of oil following the 1973 OPEC oil embargo.
H)The progressive relaxation of Cold War tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
I)The system of racial segregation and discrimination that was supported by the Afrikaner government in South Africa.
J)A government headed by a council of commanders of the branches of the armed forces.
K)Soviet premier Mikhail Gorbachev's popular campaign for government transparency and more open media.
L)Policies restricting public spending, lowering import barriers, privatizing state enterprises, and deregulating markets in response to the 1980s debt crisis in Latin America.
M)A nickname from the 1970s and 1980s used to describe what some considered the unfair relationship between Japan's business world and government.
N)Led by Lech Walęsa, an independent Polish trade union organized in 1980 that worked for the rights of workers and political reform.
O)A cartel formed in 1960 by oil-exporting countries designed to coordinate oil production and raise prices, giving those countries greater capacity for economic development and greater leverage in world affairs.

Question 68

Use the following to answer questions :
petrodollars

A)The main black nationalist organization in South Africa, led by Nelson Mandela.
B)Economic restructuring and reform implemented by Soviet premier Mikhail Gorbachev that permitted an easing of government price controls on some goods, more independence for state enterprises, and the establishment of profit-seeking private cooperatives.
C)The site of a Chinese student revolt in 1989 at which Communists imposed martial law and arrested, injured, or killed hundreds of students.
D)Beginning in 1987, a prolonged campaign of civil disobedience by Palestinian youth against Israeli soldiers; the Arabic word means "shaking off."
E)A return beginning in the 1980s to policies intended to promote free markets and the free circulation of capital across national borders.
F)An economic and political alliance of twelve European nations formed in 1993 that has since grown to include twenty-eight European nations.
G)The global recirculation by international banks of profits from the higher price of oil following the 1973 OPEC oil embargo.
H)The progressive relaxation of Cold War tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
I)The system of racial segregation and discrimination that was supported by the Afrikaner government in South Africa.
J)A government headed by a council of commanders of the branches of the armed forces.
K)Soviet premier Mikhail Gorbachev's popular campaign for government transparency and more open media.
L)Policies restricting public spending, lowering import barriers, privatizing state enterprises, and deregulating markets in response to the 1980s debt crisis in Latin America.
M)A nickname from the 1970s and 1980s used to describe what some considered the unfair relationship between Japan's business world and government.
N)Led by Lech Walęsa, an independent Polish trade union organized in 1980 that worked for the rights of workers and political reform.
O)A cartel formed in 1960 by oil-exporting countries designed to coordinate oil production and raise prices, giving those countries greater capacity for economic development and greater leverage in world affairs.

Question 69

Use the following to answer questions :
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

A)The main black nationalist organization in South Africa, led by Nelson Mandela.
B)Economic restructuring and reform implemented by Soviet premier Mikhail Gorbachev that permitted an easing of government price controls on some goods, more independence for state enterprises, and the establishment of profit-seeking private cooperatives.
C)The site of a Chinese student revolt in 1989 at which Communists imposed martial law and arrested, injured, or killed hundreds of students.
D)Beginning in 1987, a prolonged campaign of civil disobedience by Palestinian youth against Israeli soldiers; the Arabic word means "shaking off."
E)A return beginning in the 1980s to policies intended to promote free markets and the free circulation of capital across national borders.
F)An economic and political alliance of twelve European nations formed in 1993 that has since grown to include twenty-eight European nations.
G)The global recirculation by international banks of profits from the higher price of oil following the 1973 OPEC oil embargo.
H)The progressive relaxation of Cold War tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
I)The system of racial segregation and discrimination that was supported by the Afrikaner government in South Africa.
J)A government headed by a council of commanders of the branches of the armed forces.
K)Soviet premier Mikhail Gorbachev's popular campaign for government transparency and more open media.
L)Policies restricting public spending, lowering import barriers, privatizing state enterprises, and deregulating markets in response to the 1980s debt crisis in Latin America.
M)A nickname from the 1970s and 1980s used to describe what some considered the unfair relationship between Japan's business world and government.
N)Led by Lech Walęsa, an independent Polish trade union organized in 1980 that worked for the rights of workers and political reform.
O)A cartel formed in 1960 by oil-exporting countries designed to coordinate oil production and raise prices, giving those countries greater capacity for economic development and greater leverage in world affairs.

Question 70

Use the following to answer questions :
junta

A)The main black nationalist organization in South Africa, led by Nelson Mandela.
B)Economic restructuring and reform implemented by Soviet premier Mikhail Gorbachev that permitted an easing of government price controls on some goods, more independence for state enterprises, and the establishment of profit-seeking private cooperatives.
C)The site of a Chinese student revolt in 1989 at which Communists imposed martial law and arrested, injured, or killed hundreds of students.
D)Beginning in 1987, a prolonged campaign of civil disobedience by Palestinian youth against Israeli soldiers; the Arabic word means "shaking off."
E)A return beginning in the 1980s to policies intended to promote free markets and the free circulation of capital across national borders.
F)An economic and political alliance of twelve European nations formed in 1993 that has since grown to include twenty-eight European nations.
G)The global recirculation by international banks of profits from the higher price of oil following the 1973 OPEC oil embargo.
H)The progressive relaxation of Cold War tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
I)The system of racial segregation and discrimination that was supported by the Afrikaner government in South Africa.
J)A government headed by a council of commanders of the branches of the armed forces.
K)Soviet premier Mikhail Gorbachev's popular campaign for government transparency and more open media.
L)Policies restricting public spending, lowering import barriers, privatizing state enterprises, and deregulating markets in response to the 1980s debt crisis in Latin America.
M)A nickname from the 1970s and 1980s used to describe what some considered the unfair relationship between Japan's business world and government.
N)Led by Lech Walęsa, an independent Polish trade union organized in 1980 that worked for the rights of workers and political reform.
O)A cartel formed in 1960 by oil-exporting countries designed to coordinate oil production and raise prices, giving those countries greater capacity for economic development and greater leverage in world affairs.

Question 71

Use the following to answer questions :
Solidarity

A)The main black nationalist organization in South Africa, led by Nelson Mandela.
B)Economic restructuring and reform implemented by Soviet premier Mikhail Gorbachev that permitted an easing of government price controls on some goods, more independence for state enterprises, and the establishment of profit-seeking private cooperatives.
C)The site of a Chinese student revolt in 1989 at which Communists imposed martial law and arrested, injured, or killed hundreds of students.
D)Beginning in 1987, a prolonged campaign of civil disobedience by Palestinian youth against Israeli soldiers; the Arabic word means "shaking off."
E)A return beginning in the 1980s to policies intended to promote free markets and the free circulation of capital across national borders.
F)An economic and political alliance of twelve European nations formed in 1993 that has since grown to include twenty-eight European nations.
G)The global recirculation by international banks of profits from the higher price of oil following the 1973 OPEC oil embargo.
H)The progressive relaxation of Cold War tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
I)The system of racial segregation and discrimination that was supported by the Afrikaner government in South Africa.
J)A government headed by a council of commanders of the branches of the armed forces.
K)Soviet premier Mikhail Gorbachev's popular campaign for government transparency and more open media.
L)Policies restricting public spending, lowering import barriers, privatizing state enterprises, and deregulating markets in response to the 1980s debt crisis in Latin America.
M)A nickname from the 1970s and 1980s used to describe what some considered the unfair relationship between Japan's business world and government.
N)Led by Lech Walęsa, an independent Polish trade union organized in 1980 that worked for the rights of workers and political reform.
O)A cartel formed in 1960 by oil-exporting countries designed to coordinate oil production and raise prices, giving those countries greater capacity for economic development and greater leverage in world affairs.

Question 72

Use the following to answer questions :
glasnost

A)The main black nationalist organization in South Africa, led by Nelson Mandela.
B)Economic restructuring and reform implemented by Soviet premier Mikhail Gorbachev that permitted an easing of government price controls on some goods, more independence for state enterprises, and the establishment of profit-seeking private cooperatives.
C)The site of a Chinese student revolt in 1989 at which Communists imposed martial law and arrested, injured, or killed hundreds of students.
D)Beginning in 1987, a prolonged campaign of civil disobedience by Palestinian youth against Israeli soldiers; the Arabic word means "shaking off."
E)A return beginning in the 1980s to policies intended to promote free markets and the free circulation of capital across national borders.
F)An economic and political alliance of twelve European nations formed in 1993 that has since grown to include twenty-eight European nations.
G)The global recirculation by international banks of profits from the higher price of oil following the 1973 OPEC oil embargo.
H)The progressive relaxation of Cold War tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
I)The system of racial segregation and discrimination that was supported by the Afrikaner government in South Africa.
J)A government headed by a council of commanders of the branches of the armed forces.
K)Soviet premier Mikhail Gorbachev's popular campaign for government transparency and more open media.
L)Policies restricting public spending, lowering import barriers, privatizing state enterprises, and deregulating markets in response to the 1980s debt crisis in Latin America.
M)A nickname from the 1970s and 1980s used to describe what some considered the unfair relationship between Japan's business world and government.
N)Led by Lech Walęsa, an independent Polish trade union organized in 1980 that worked for the rights of workers and political reform.
O)A cartel formed in 1960 by oil-exporting countries designed to coordinate oil production and raise prices, giving those countries greater capacity for economic development and greater leverage in world affairs.

Question 73

Use the following to answer questions :
neoliberalism

A)The main black nationalist organization in South Africa, led by Nelson Mandela.
B)Economic restructuring and reform implemented by Soviet premier Mikhail Gorbachev that permitted an easing of government price controls on some goods, more independence for state enterprises, and the establishment of profit-seeking private cooperatives.
C)The site of a Chinese student revolt in 1989 at which Communists imposed martial law and arrested, injured, or killed hundreds of students.
D)Beginning in 1987, a prolonged campaign of civil disobedience by Palestinian youth against Israeli soldiers; the Arabic word means "shaking off."
E)A return beginning in the 1980s to policies intended to promote free markets and the free circulation of capital across national borders.
F)An economic and political alliance of twelve European nations formed in 1993 that has since grown to include twenty-eight European nations.
G)The global recirculation by international banks of profits from the higher price of oil following the 1973 OPEC oil embargo.
H)The progressive relaxation of Cold War tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
I)The system of racial segregation and discrimination that was supported by the Afrikaner government in South Africa.
J)A government headed by a council of commanders of the branches of the armed forces.
K)Soviet premier Mikhail Gorbachev's popular campaign for government transparency and more open media.
L)Policies restricting public spending, lowering import barriers, privatizing state enterprises, and deregulating markets in response to the 1980s debt crisis in Latin America.
M)A nickname from the 1970s and 1980s used to describe what some considered the unfair relationship between Japan's business world and government.
N)Led by Lech Walęsa, an independent Polish trade union organized in 1980 that worked for the rights of workers and political reform.
O)A cartel formed in 1960 by oil-exporting countries designed to coordinate oil production and raise prices, giving those countries greater capacity for economic development and greater leverage in world affairs.

Question 74

Use the following to answer questions :
détente

A)The main black nationalist organization in South Africa, led by Nelson Mandela.
B)Economic restructuring and reform implemented by Soviet premier Mikhail Gorbachev that permitted an easing of government price controls on some goods, more independence for state enterprises, and the establishment of profit-seeking private cooperatives.
C)The site of a Chinese student revolt in 1989 at which Communists imposed martial law and arrested, injured, or killed hundreds of students.
D)Beginning in 1987, a prolonged campaign of civil disobedience by Palestinian youth against Israeli soldiers; the Arabic word means "shaking off."
E)A return beginning in the 1980s to policies intended to promote free markets and the free circulation of capital across national borders.
F)An economic and political alliance of twelve European nations formed in 1993 that has since grown to include twenty-eight European nations.
G)The global recirculation by international banks of profits from the higher price of oil following the 1973 OPEC oil embargo.
H)The progressive relaxation of Cold War tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
I)The system of racial segregation and discrimination that was supported by the Afrikaner government in South Africa.
J)A government headed by a council of commanders of the branches of the armed forces.
K)Soviet premier Mikhail Gorbachev's popular campaign for government transparency and more open media.
L)Policies restricting public spending, lowering import barriers, privatizing state enterprises, and deregulating markets in response to the 1980s debt crisis in Latin America.
M)A nickname from the 1970s and 1980s used to describe what some considered the unfair relationship between Japan's business world and government.
N)Led by Lech Walęsa, an independent Polish trade union organized in 1980 that worked for the rights of workers and political reform.
O)A cartel formed in 1960 by oil-exporting countries designed to coordinate oil production and raise prices, giving those countries greater capacity for economic development and greater leverage in world affairs.

Question 75

Use the following to answer questions :
African National Congress (ANC)

A)The main black nationalist organization in South Africa, led by Nelson Mandela.
B)Economic restructuring and reform implemented by Soviet premier Mikhail Gorbachev that permitted an easing of government price controls on some goods, more independence for state enterprises, and the establishment of profit-seeking private cooperatives.
C)The site of a Chinese student revolt in 1989 at which Communists imposed martial law and arrested, injured, or killed hundreds of students.
D)Beginning in 1987, a prolonged campaign of civil disobedience by Palestinian youth against Israeli soldiers; the Arabic word means "shaking off."
E)A return beginning in the 1980s to policies intended to promote free markets and the free circulation of capital across national borders.
F)An economic and political alliance of twelve European nations formed in 1993 that has since grown to include twenty-eight European nations.
G)The global recirculation by international banks of profits from the higher price of oil following the 1973 OPEC oil embargo.
H)The progressive relaxation of Cold War tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
I)The system of racial segregation and discrimination that was supported by the Afrikaner government in South Africa.
J)A government headed by a council of commanders of the branches of the armed forces.
K)Soviet premier Mikhail Gorbachev's popular campaign for government transparency and more open media.
L)Policies restricting public spending, lowering import barriers, privatizing state enterprises, and deregulating markets in response to the 1980s debt crisis in Latin America.
M)A nickname from the 1970s and 1980s used to describe what some considered the unfair relationship between Japan's business world and government.
N)Led by Lech Walęsa, an independent Polish trade union organized in 1980 that worked for the rights of workers and political reform.
O)A cartel formed in 1960 by oil-exporting countries designed to coordinate oil production and raise prices, giving those countries greater capacity for economic development and greater leverage in world affairs.