Revolutions in the Atlantic World, 1775-1825 Flashcards

Question

This image, called "The Awakening of the Third Estate," shows a man on the ground who is removing his chains and arming himself. What does this illustrate?

A) Common people played a leading role in the French Revolution.
B) Foreign powers were the driving force behind the French Revolution.
C) Law and order had collapsed entirely among the first and second estates.
D) The third estate had no ability to peaceably address their political concerns.

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Question

What was one of the special privileges enjoyed by European nobility in the eighteenth century?

A) They had a monopoly on road tariffs.
B) They were given the right to purchase titles.
C) They were given an exemption from taxes.
D) They could take control of a guild of their choosing.

Question

What was one of the results of the increase in population and urbanization during the eighteenth century?

A) There were more job opportunities than ever before.
B) Inflation grew, making it more difficult for urban people to afford food and rent.
C) Common people were freed from paying taxes and fees.
D) Economic freedoms increased, but more legal restrictions were introduced.

Question

In the Americas, the Seven Years' War was a border dispute between the colonies of what two countries?

A) Britain and France
B) Spain and Portugal
C) Portugal and the Netherlands
D) England and Prussia

Question

Who wrote Common Sense?

A) John Adams
B) Benjamin Franklin
C) John Locke
D) Thomas Paine

Question

Which of the following was included in the 1763 Treaty of Paris?

A) Spain ceded Louisiana to France as compensation for France's loss of Florida to Britain.
B) France gave up most of its holdings in India, opening the way to British dominance on the subcontinent.
C) Canada and all French territory east of the Mississippi River passed to Spain.
D) France lost control of all of its colonial holdings, and its profitable Caribbean colonies passed to Britain.

Question

Which of the following did the British use to assist their efforts in the American Revolution?

A) Terror tactics
B) German mercenaries
C) Mass extermination
D) Offers of a compromise

Question

What did eighteenth-century reformers believe about the rule of monarchs?

A) It should be constrained by the will of the people.
B) It could be limitless as long as it was benevolent.
C) It should be completely abolished in favor of democracy.
D) It should be open to debates among the wealthy.

Question

In 1783, American independence was recognized in what treaty?

A) The Treaty of New York
B) The Treaty of Paris
C) The Treaty of London
D) The Treaty of Ghent

Question

How did the 1787 Constitution deal with the issue of slavery?

A) It included a number of compromises on the issue.
B) It suggested that it should be abolished but did not actually abolish it.
C) It included provisions meant to ensure its speedy demise.
D) It included provisions meant to ensure that it could never be abolished.

Question

Why did Louis XVI's finance minister want the king to call an assembly of notables in 1787?

A) To draft a plan to reform French agriculture
B) To draft a plan to reform the monarchy
C) To gain support for fiscal reforms
D) To gain support for war with Britain

Question

Which of the following was a difference between life in England and life in the British North American colonies?

A) The right to vote was more widespread in England than it was in the colonies.
B) Religious freedom was taken for granted in the colonies.
C) There was greater social and economic equality in England than in the colonies.
D) British colonists could not hold assemblies or meetings.

Question

By the late eighteenth century, European law recognized only what kinds of people as slaves?

A) People who could not pay their debts
B) Eastern Europeans born to illiterate parents
C) Anyone not born into the elite, noble class
D) Africans or people of African descent

Question

What was the Estates General?

A) The annual assembly of nobility
B) A meeting of the men who held large estates
C) The French legislative assembly
D) An assembly of commoners held in Paris every five years

Question

In 1778, rebels in the American War of Independence made a formal alliance with what European country?

A) France
B) Russia
C) Spain
D) Portugal

Question

Why did the Antifederalists oppose the American Constitution?

A) They thought it granted too much power to the states.
B) They thought it prohibited a standing army.
C) They thought it made the federal government too strong.
D) They thought it instituted too many taxes.

Question

Who were the bourgeoisie?

A) Children of mixed aristocracy
B) Wealthy, educated commoners
C) Merchant marriages
D) Poor but titled nobles

Question

What did both Britain and France do as a result of the Seven Years' War?

A) Lost all their colonies
B) Dominated European politics
C) Began to focus more on Asia
D) Raised taxes

Question

In what way does this painting symbolize unity among the delegates of the third estate?

A) The faces of many delegates are hidden, suggesting their support of a treasonous cause.
B) Their postures are all oriented toward the center of the room with arms upraised.
C) Some of the subjects are clutching their arms to their chests.
D) The large number of delegates suggests unity of purpose.

Question

John Locke believed that a government should

A) be invested in a democracy.
B) be served by an absolute monarch.
C) protect those who won property.
D) work through Parliament.

Question

On August 27, 1789, the National Assembly issued a statement of principles known as which of the following?

A) The Social Contract
B) The Articles of Principles
C) The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
D) The Great Charter

Question

What was the purpose of Austria's and Prussia's Declaration of Pillnitz?

A) It announced a declaration of war on France.
B) It offered money to the French National Assembly.
C) It offered to support Louis XVI.
D) It proclaimed sympathy for merchants.

Question

Why did European kings initially welcome the French Revolution?

A) They had hopes for liberal reforms.
B) It weakened France, which they saw as a competing power.
C) They hoped it would spread to England and weaken it.
D) They hoped that it would scare their peasants.

Question

According to the map "Loyalist Strength in the Colonies, ca. 1774-1776," Britain had reason to believe their southern strategy during the American Revolution would be successful due to which of the following?

A) The contested territory was significantly larger in size.
B) The southern colonies were close to their colonial holdings in the Caribbean.
C) Western Virginia and North Carolina had mountainous terrain.
D) A larger number of Loyalists lived in the southern colonies.

Question

Whose participation in political debate did the Jacobins seek to suppress?

A) Lawyers
B) Blacks
C) The working class
D) Women

Question

What was the Great Fear?

A) Landlords' use of vagabonds to seek vengeance on unruly peasants
B) An uprising of the urban poor
C) Peasant uprisings in the countryside
D) A campaign by rural parish priests to instill a greater fear of god in the people

Question

Who dominated the Committee of Public Safety during the Reign of Terror?

A) Abbé Sieyès
B) Napoleon Bonaparte
C) Georges Danton
D) Maximilien Robespierre

Question

Why did the Directory continue to support France's military expansion?

A) They feared the army would turn against them if it was recalled.
B) They hoped to spread republican revolution throughout Europe.
C) The wars helped to alleviate domestic economic problems, including unemployment.
D) They feared a coup d'état if they made peace.

Question

Who did Abbé Sieyès argue should have more authority in the Estates General?

A) The landed nobility
B) The third estate
C) The high-ranking clergy
D) Royal ministers

Question

Why did Napoleon negotiate the Concordat of 1801 with the pope?

A) He was a devout Catholic.
B) He was afraid the pope would throw his support to France's opponents.
C) He hoped the Catholic Church would help stabilize society and maintain order.
D) He wanted to use church funds to help operate the French government.

Question

What was the Bastille?

A) A royal castle
B) A royal prison
C) A royal palace
D) A royal administrative building

Question

The Napoleonic Code asserted two fundamental principles of the revolution, the legal equality of all male citizens and what else?

A) Equality of women
B) A strong military
C) Absolute protection of wealth and property
D) Universal suffrage

Question

How can France be described politically under Napoleon?

A) It saw the rise of three major political parties.
B) It was governed by authoritarianism.
C) It allowed freedom of speech and the press.
D) It gave women more political power than ever before.

Question

The Mountain was able to defeat the Girondists in the National Assembly by allying with what group of people?

A) The sans-culottes
B) The women of Paris
C) Austria and Prussia
D) High-ranking clergy in the Catholic Church

Question

In the Tennis Court Oath, the delegates of the third estate pledged to not disband until they had been recognized as a national assembly and had

A) written a new constitution.
B) secured the right to vote for all Frenchmen.
C) repealed all taxes.
D) forced Louis XVI to abdicate.

Question

Why did Robespierre call a halt to efforts at de-Christianization?

A) He hoped to gain the support of Christians outside of France.
B) He converted to Catholicism.
C) He feared unrest in the countryside.
D) He believed he had achieved his goal in this regard.

Question

This painting shows a Spanish rebel about to be executed. His arms are upraised and he is bathed in light. What do these elements suggest the artist was trying to portray?

A) Many Spanish rebels took a nonconfrontational stance toward Napoleon's forces.
B) Many conquered peoples felt fear during the Napoleonic Wars.
C) The victim represents a Christ-like martyr.
D) The victim is being justly punished as a ruthless enemy of Napoleon's army.

Question

The Thermidorian reaction saw what group reassert its authority in French politics?

A) The nobles
B) The middle class
C) The monarchists
D) The peasantry

Question

What did Louis XVI do in response to the demands of the National Assembly?

A) Granted all of its requests
B) Abdicated in favor of his son
C) Seized land from all the nobles
D) Called an army toward the capital to bring the delegates under control

Question

Which of the following contributed to the economic crisis of 1789 in France?

A) A tax on grain
B) Peasants refusing to work
C) A poor harvest
D) A boycott of bakeries

Question

What is true about the relationship between the Creoles and the peninsulares in Latin America in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries?

A) The Creoles resented the economic and political dominance of the peninsulares.
B) The two groups joined forces against the Indians and mestizos.
C) Both competed for favors from Spain.
D) The peninsulares tried to woo the Creoles into an alliance.

Question

What was one of the goals of Spain's reform program in its colonies in the eighteenth century?

A) To bring the church under tighter control
B) To improve colonial manufacturing
C) To squelch all liberal ideas
D) To revive silver production

Question

How did the National Assembly change the religious culture of France?

Question

In August 1791, who revolted on the island of Saint-Domingue?

A) Free people of color
B) Slaves
C) All people of color
D) Spanish laborers

Question

What were the goals of Simón Bolívar? Were they achieved?

Question

The ruling royal family of a European country fled to what colony to protect its dynasty?

A) Haiti
B) Peru
C) Mexico
D) Brazil

Question

In what ways did the three estates of the Estates General agree and disagree on issues in 1789?

Question

What were the three basic components of Napoleon's Grand Empire? How did this imperial organization affect the course of European history?

Question

What limited France's ability to pay its national debts in the 1780s?

Question

Spaniards, Creoles, and Indian nobles joined forces to defeat who in 1780?

A) Simon Bolivar
B) Túpac Amaru II
C) Toussaint L'Ouverture
D) The Cabildos

Question

Why did Britain and Spain become involved in the revolts in Saint-Domingue?

Question

What stopped Napoleon's plans to invade Britain?

A) He was wrapped up in a war with Austria and Holland.
B) France's signing of the Treaty of Amiens prevented him from invading.
C) His navy experienced huge losses at the Battle of Trafalgar.
D) He decided to attack Russia instead.

Question

Why did civil war break out in Saint-Domingue in 1799?

A) Tensions between freed slaves and free people of color created the conflict.
B) White elites invited the Spanish army to help defeat the freed slaves.
C) White elites received reinforcements and moved against the freed slaves.
D) Freed slaves allied with slaves from other islands to defeat colonists.

Question

What other European countries became involved in the American Revolution, and why?

Question

According to Map 22.2, "Napoleonic Europe in 1812," which of the following ceased to exist during Napoleon's reign?

A) The last vestiges of the Holy Roman Empire
B) Poland
C) The Netherlands
D) The Hungarian portion of the Austrian Empire

Question

What was a consequence of Napoleon's Grand Empire?

A) It encouraged the growth of reactive nationalism.
B) It brought a return of serfdom to parts of Europe.
C) It was generally popular among the local populations.
D) It led Napoleon to be regarded as the "liberator of Europe."

Question

After he was defeated at Waterloo in 1815, what happened to Napoleon?

A) He was executed.
B) He was imprisoned in Paris.
C) He was imprisoned on the island of St. Helena.
D) He was exiled to Elba.

Question

With whom did the National Convention go to war, and why? How did they conduct themselves at war?

Question

What were the economic reforms of the Committee of Public Safety under Robespierre? What role did the sans-culottes play in these reforms?

Question

In the eighteenth century, what factors erased the old distinctions between the aristocracy and merchants?

Question

Use the following to answer questions :
Estates General

A)The 1763 diplomatic arrangement that ended the Seven Years' War, according vast French territories in North America and India to Britain and Louisiana to Spain.
B)The 1776 document in which the American colonies formally stated they were not under the rule of Great Britain and recast traditional English rights as universal human rights.
C)Opponents of the American Constitution who felt it diminished individual rights and accorded too much power to the federal government at the expense of the states.
D)Traditional representative body of the three estates of France that met in 1789 in response to imminent state bankruptcy.
E)French representative body formed in 1789 by the delegates of the third estate and some members of the clergy, the second estate.
F)A political group during the French Revolution to which many of the deputies of the Legislative Assembly belonged.
G)Led by Robespierre, the French National Convention's radical faction, which led the Convention in 1793.
H)A moderate group that fought for control of the French National Convention in 1793.
I)The laboring poor of Paris, so called because the men wore trousers instead of the knee breeches of the wealthy; the term came to refer to the militant radicals of the city.
J)The period from 1793 to 1794, during which Robespierre's Committee of Public Safety tried and executed thousands suspected of political crimes and a new revolutionary culture was imposed.
K)A response in 1794 to the violence of the Reign of Terror, resulting in the execution of Robespierre and the loosening of economic controls.
L)French civil regulations promulgated in 1804 that reasserted the 1789 principles of the equality of all male citizens before the law and the absolute security of wealth and private property.
M)The area over which Napoleon and his allies ruled, encompassing virtually all of Europe except Great Britain.
N)A blockade imposed by Napoleon in which no ship coming from Britain or its colonies was permitted to dock at any port controlled by the French.
O)People of European descent born in the Americas.
P)A term for natives of Spain and Portugal.

Question

Use the following to answer questions :
Continental System

A)The 1763 diplomatic arrangement that ended the Seven Years' War, according vast French territories in North America and India to Britain and Louisiana to Spain.
B)The 1776 document in which the American colonies formally stated they were not under the rule of Great Britain and recast traditional English rights as universal human rights.
C)Opponents of the American Constitution who felt it diminished individual rights and accorded too much power to the federal government at the expense of the states.
D)Traditional representative body of the three estates of France that met in 1789 in response to imminent state bankruptcy.
E)French representative body formed in 1789 by the delegates of the third estate and some members of the clergy, the second estate.
F)A political group during the French Revolution to which many of the deputies of the Legislative Assembly belonged.
G)Led by Robespierre, the French National Convention's radical faction, which led the Convention in 1793.
H)A moderate group that fought for control of the French National Convention in 1793.
I)The laboring poor of Paris, so called because the men wore trousers instead of the knee breeches of the wealthy; the term came to refer to the militant radicals of the city.
J)The period from 1793 to 1794, during which Robespierre's Committee of Public Safety tried and executed thousands suspected of political crimes and a new revolutionary culture was imposed.
K)A response in 1794 to the violence of the Reign of Terror, resulting in the execution of Robespierre and the loosening of economic controls.
L)French civil regulations promulgated in 1804 that reasserted the 1789 principles of the equality of all male citizens before the law and the absolute security of wealth and private property.
M)The area over which Napoleon and his allies ruled, encompassing virtually all of Europe except Great Britain.
N)A blockade imposed by Napoleon in which no ship coming from Britain or its colonies was permitted to dock at any port controlled by the French.
O)People of European descent born in the Americas.
P)A term for natives of Spain and Portugal.

Question

Use the following to answer questions :
Napoleonic Code

A)The 1763 diplomatic arrangement that ended the Seven Years' War, according vast French territories in North America and India to Britain and Louisiana to Spain.
B)The 1776 document in which the American colonies formally stated they were not under the rule of Great Britain and recast traditional English rights as universal human rights.
C)Opponents of the American Constitution who felt it diminished individual rights and accorded too much power to the federal government at the expense of the states.
D)Traditional representative body of the three estates of France that met in 1789 in response to imminent state bankruptcy.
E)French representative body formed in 1789 by the delegates of the third estate and some members of the clergy, the second estate.
F)A political group during the French Revolution to which many of the deputies of the Legislative Assembly belonged.
G)Led by Robespierre, the French National Convention's radical faction, which led the Convention in 1793.
H)A moderate group that fought for control of the French National Convention in 1793.
I)The laboring poor of Paris, so called because the men wore trousers instead of the knee breeches of the wealthy; the term came to refer to the militant radicals of the city.
J)The period from 1793 to 1794, during which Robespierre's Committee of Public Safety tried and executed thousands suspected of political crimes and a new revolutionary culture was imposed.
K)A response in 1794 to the violence of the Reign of Terror, resulting in the execution of Robespierre and the loosening of economic controls.
L)French civil regulations promulgated in 1804 that reasserted the 1789 principles of the equality of all male citizens before the law and the absolute security of wealth and private property.
M)The area over which Napoleon and his allies ruled, encompassing virtually all of Europe except Great Britain.
N)A blockade imposed by Napoleon in which no ship coming from Britain or its colonies was permitted to dock at any port controlled by the French.
O)People of European descent born in the Americas.
P)A term for natives of Spain and Portugal.

Question

It has been argued that financial crises rooted in the Seven Years' War set off the wave of liberal revolutions (successful and unsuccessful) that submerged Europe and the Americas between 1775 and 1824. Defend this proposition.

Question

Use the following to answer questions :
Reign of Terror

A)The 1763 diplomatic arrangement that ended the Seven Years' War, according vast French territories in North America and India to Britain and Louisiana to Spain.
B)The 1776 document in which the American colonies formally stated they were not under the rule of Great Britain and recast traditional English rights as universal human rights.
C)Opponents of the American Constitution who felt it diminished individual rights and accorded too much power to the federal government at the expense of the states.
D)Traditional representative body of the three estates of France that met in 1789 in response to imminent state bankruptcy.
E)French representative body formed in 1789 by the delegates of the third estate and some members of the clergy, the second estate.
F)A political group during the French Revolution to which many of the deputies of the Legislative Assembly belonged.
G)Led by Robespierre, the French National Convention's radical faction, which led the Convention in 1793.
H)A moderate group that fought for control of the French National Convention in 1793.
I)The laboring poor of Paris, so called because the men wore trousers instead of the knee breeches of the wealthy; the term came to refer to the militant radicals of the city.
J)The period from 1793 to 1794, during which Robespierre's Committee of Public Safety tried and executed thousands suspected of political crimes and a new revolutionary culture was imposed.
K)A response in 1794 to the violence of the Reign of Terror, resulting in the execution of Robespierre and the loosening of economic controls.
L)French civil regulations promulgated in 1804 that reasserted the 1789 principles of the equality of all male citizens before the law and the absolute security of wealth and private property.
M)The area over which Napoleon and his allies ruled, encompassing virtually all of Europe except Great Britain.
N)A blockade imposed by Napoleon in which no ship coming from Britain or its colonies was permitted to dock at any port controlled by the French.
O)People of European descent born in the Americas.
P)A term for natives of Spain and Portugal.

Question

Use the following to answer questions :
Antifederalists

A)The 1763 diplomatic arrangement that ended the Seven Years' War, according vast French territories in North America and India to Britain and Louisiana to Spain.
B)The 1776 document in which the American colonies formally stated they were not under the rule of Great Britain and recast traditional English rights as universal human rights.
C)Opponents of the American Constitution who felt it diminished individual rights and accorded too much power to the federal government at the expense of the states.
D)Traditional representative body of the three estates of France that met in 1789 in response to imminent state bankruptcy.
E)French representative body formed in 1789 by the delegates of the third estate and some members of the clergy, the second estate.
F)A political group during the French Revolution to which many of the deputies of the Legislative Assembly belonged.
G)Led by Robespierre, the French National Convention's radical faction, which led the Convention in 1793.
H)A moderate group that fought for control of the French National Convention in 1793.
I)The laboring poor of Paris, so called because the men wore trousers instead of the knee breeches of the wealthy; the term came to refer to the militant radicals of the city.
J)The period from 1793 to 1794, during which Robespierre's Committee of Public Safety tried and executed thousands suspected of political crimes and a new revolutionary culture was imposed.
K)A response in 1794 to the violence of the Reign of Terror, resulting in the execution of Robespierre and the loosening of economic controls.
L)French civil regulations promulgated in 1804 that reasserted the 1789 principles of the equality of all male citizens before the law and the absolute security of wealth and private property.
M)The area over which Napoleon and his allies ruled, encompassing virtually all of Europe except Great Britain.
N)A blockade imposed by Napoleon in which no ship coming from Britain or its colonies was permitted to dock at any port controlled by the French.
O)People of European descent born in the Americas.
P)A term for natives of Spain and Portugal.

Question

Use the following to answer questions :
National Assembly

A)The 1763 diplomatic arrangement that ended the Seven Years' War, according vast French territories in North America and India to Britain and Louisiana to Spain.
B)The 1776 document in which the American colonies formally stated they were not under the rule of Great Britain and recast traditional English rights as universal human rights.
C)Opponents of the American Constitution who felt it diminished individual rights and accorded too much power to the federal government at the expense of the states.
D)Traditional representative body of the three estates of France that met in 1789 in response to imminent state bankruptcy.
E)French representative body formed in 1789 by the delegates of the third estate and some members of the clergy, the second estate.
F)A political group during the French Revolution to which many of the deputies of the Legislative Assembly belonged.
G)Led by Robespierre, the French National Convention's radical faction, which led the Convention in 1793.
H)A moderate group that fought for control of the French National Convention in 1793.
I)The laboring poor of Paris, so called because the men wore trousers instead of the knee breeches of the wealthy; the term came to refer to the militant radicals of the city.
J)The period from 1793 to 1794, during which Robespierre's Committee of Public Safety tried and executed thousands suspected of political crimes and a new revolutionary culture was imposed.
K)A response in 1794 to the violence of the Reign of Terror, resulting in the execution of Robespierre and the loosening of economic controls.
L)French civil regulations promulgated in 1804 that reasserted the 1789 principles of the equality of all male citizens before the law and the absolute security of wealth and private property.
M)The area over which Napoleon and his allies ruled, encompassing virtually all of Europe except Great Britain.
N)A blockade imposed by Napoleon in which no ship coming from Britain or its colonies was permitted to dock at any port controlled by the French.
O)People of European descent born in the Americas.
P)A term for natives of Spain and Portugal.

Question

Use the following to answer questions :
Mountain

A)The 1763 diplomatic arrangement that ended the Seven Years' War, according vast French territories in North America and India to Britain and Louisiana to Spain.
B)The 1776 document in which the American colonies formally stated they were not under the rule of Great Britain and recast traditional English rights as universal human rights.
C)Opponents of the American Constitution who felt it diminished individual rights and accorded too much power to the federal government at the expense of the states.
D)Traditional representative body of the three estates of France that met in 1789 in response to imminent state bankruptcy.
E)French representative body formed in 1789 by the delegates of the third estate and some members of the clergy, the second estate.
F)A political group during the French Revolution to which many of the deputies of the Legislative Assembly belonged.
G)Led by Robespierre, the French National Convention's radical faction, which led the Convention in 1793.
H)A moderate group that fought for control of the French National Convention in 1793.
I)The laboring poor of Paris, so called because the men wore trousers instead of the knee breeches of the wealthy; the term came to refer to the militant radicals of the city.
J)The period from 1793 to 1794, during which Robespierre's Committee of Public Safety tried and executed thousands suspected of political crimes and a new revolutionary culture was imposed.
K)A response in 1794 to the violence of the Reign of Terror, resulting in the execution of Robespierre and the loosening of economic controls.
L)French civil regulations promulgated in 1804 that reasserted the 1789 principles of the equality of all male citizens before the law and the absolute security of wealth and private property.
M)The area over which Napoleon and his allies ruled, encompassing virtually all of Europe except Great Britain.
N)A blockade imposed by Napoleon in which no ship coming from Britain or its colonies was permitted to dock at any port controlled by the French.
O)People of European descent born in the Americas.
P)A term for natives of Spain and Portugal.

Question

Liberalism inspired political revolutionaries in both North America and France. What was liberalism? How was it manifested in the Declaration of Independence, Constitution, and Bill of Rights in the United States and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen and the Civil Code in France? What were the limits of liberalism in all of these documents?

Question

Use the following to answer questions :
Declaration of Independence

A)The 1763 diplomatic arrangement that ended the Seven Years' War, according vast French territories in North America and India to Britain and Louisiana to Spain.
B)The 1776 document in which the American colonies formally stated they were not under the rule of Great Britain and recast traditional English rights as universal human rights.
C)Opponents of the American Constitution who felt it diminished individual rights and accorded too much power to the federal government at the expense of the states.
D)Traditional representative body of the three estates of France that met in 1789 in response to imminent state bankruptcy.
E)French representative body formed in 1789 by the delegates of the third estate and some members of the clergy, the second estate.
F)A political group during the French Revolution to which many of the deputies of the Legislative Assembly belonged.
G)Led by Robespierre, the French National Convention's radical faction, which led the Convention in 1793.
H)A moderate group that fought for control of the French National Convention in 1793.
I)The laboring poor of Paris, so called because the men wore trousers instead of the knee breeches of the wealthy; the term came to refer to the militant radicals of the city.
J)The period from 1793 to 1794, during which Robespierre's Committee of Public Safety tried and executed thousands suspected of political crimes and a new revolutionary culture was imposed.
K)A response in 1794 to the violence of the Reign of Terror, resulting in the execution of Robespierre and the loosening of economic controls.
L)French civil regulations promulgated in 1804 that reasserted the 1789 principles of the equality of all male citizens before the law and the absolute security of wealth and private property.
M)The area over which Napoleon and his allies ruled, encompassing virtually all of Europe except Great Britain.
N)A blockade imposed by Napoleon in which no ship coming from Britain or its colonies was permitted to dock at any port controlled by the French.
O)People of European descent born in the Americas.
P)A term for natives of Spain and Portugal.

Question

Use the following to answer questions :
Girondists

A)The 1763 diplomatic arrangement that ended the Seven Years' War, according vast French territories in North America and India to Britain and Louisiana to Spain.
B)The 1776 document in which the American colonies formally stated they were not under the rule of Great Britain and recast traditional English rights as universal human rights.
C)Opponents of the American Constitution who felt it diminished individual rights and accorded too much power to the federal government at the expense of the states.
D)Traditional representative body of the three estates of France that met in 1789 in response to imminent state bankruptcy.
E)French representative body formed in 1789 by the delegates of the third estate and some members of the clergy, the second estate.
F)A political group during the French Revolution to which many of the deputies of the Legislative Assembly belonged.
G)Led by Robespierre, the French National Convention's radical faction, which led the Convention in 1793.
H)A moderate group that fought for control of the French National Convention in 1793.
I)The laboring poor of Paris, so called because the men wore trousers instead of the knee breeches of the wealthy; the term came to refer to the militant radicals of the city.
J)The period from 1793 to 1794, during which Robespierre's Committee of Public Safety tried and executed thousands suspected of political crimes and a new revolutionary culture was imposed.
K)A response in 1794 to the violence of the Reign of Terror, resulting in the execution of Robespierre and the loosening of economic controls.
L)French civil regulations promulgated in 1804 that reasserted the 1789 principles of the equality of all male citizens before the law and the absolute security of wealth and private property.
M)The area over which Napoleon and his allies ruled, encompassing virtually all of Europe except Great Britain.
N)A blockade imposed by Napoleon in which no ship coming from Britain or its colonies was permitted to dock at any port controlled by the French.
O)People of European descent born in the Americas.
P)A term for natives of Spain and Portugal.

Question

Use the following to answer questions :
sans-culottes

A)The 1763 diplomatic arrangement that ended the Seven Years' War, according vast French territories in North America and India to Britain and Louisiana to Spain.
B)The 1776 document in which the American colonies formally stated they were not under the rule of Great Britain and recast traditional English rights as universal human rights.
C)Opponents of the American Constitution who felt it diminished individual rights and accorded too much power to the federal government at the expense of the states.
D)Traditional representative body of the three estates of France that met in 1789 in response to imminent state bankruptcy.
E)French representative body formed in 1789 by the delegates of the third estate and some members of the clergy, the second estate.
F)A political group during the French Revolution to which many of the deputies of the Legislative Assembly belonged.
G)Led by Robespierre, the French National Convention's radical faction, which led the Convention in 1793.
H)A moderate group that fought for control of the French National Convention in 1793.
I)The laboring poor of Paris, so called because the men wore trousers instead of the knee breeches of the wealthy; the term came to refer to the militant radicals of the city.
J)The period from 1793 to 1794, during which Robespierre's Committee of Public Safety tried and executed thousands suspected of political crimes and a new revolutionary culture was imposed.
K)A response in 1794 to the violence of the Reign of Terror, resulting in the execution of Robespierre and the loosening of economic controls.
L)French civil regulations promulgated in 1804 that reasserted the 1789 principles of the equality of all male citizens before the law and the absolute security of wealth and private property.
M)The area over which Napoleon and his allies ruled, encompassing virtually all of Europe except Great Britain.
N)A blockade imposed by Napoleon in which no ship coming from Britain or its colonies was permitted to dock at any port controlled by the French.
O)People of European descent born in the Americas.
P)A term for natives of Spain and Portugal.

Question

Use the following to answer questions :
Treaty of Paris

A)The 1763 diplomatic arrangement that ended the Seven Years' War, according vast French territories in North America and India to Britain and Louisiana to Spain.
B)The 1776 document in which the American colonies formally stated they were not under the rule of Great Britain and recast traditional English rights as universal human rights.
C)Opponents of the American Constitution who felt it diminished individual rights and accorded too much power to the federal government at the expense of the states.
D)Traditional representative body of the three estates of France that met in 1789 in response to imminent state bankruptcy.
E)French representative body formed in 1789 by the delegates of the third estate and some members of the clergy, the second estate.
F)A political group during the French Revolution to which many of the deputies of the Legislative Assembly belonged.
G)Led by Robespierre, the French National Convention's radical faction, which led the Convention in 1793.
H)A moderate group that fought for control of the French National Convention in 1793.
I)The laboring poor of Paris, so called because the men wore trousers instead of the knee breeches of the wealthy; the term came to refer to the militant radicals of the city.
J)The period from 1793 to 1794, during which Robespierre's Committee of Public Safety tried and executed thousands suspected of political crimes and a new revolutionary culture was imposed.
K)A response in 1794 to the violence of the Reign of Terror, resulting in the execution of Robespierre and the loosening of economic controls.
L)French civil regulations promulgated in 1804 that reasserted the 1789 principles of the equality of all male citizens before the law and the absolute security of wealth and private property.
M)The area over which Napoleon and his allies ruled, encompassing virtually all of Europe except Great Britain.
N)A blockade imposed by Napoleon in which no ship coming from Britain or its colonies was permitted to dock at any port controlled by the French.
O)People of European descent born in the Americas.
P)A term for natives of Spain and Portugal.

Question

Use the following to answer questions :
Creoles

A)The 1763 diplomatic arrangement that ended the Seven Years' War, according vast French territories in North America and India to Britain and Louisiana to Spain.
B)The 1776 document in which the American colonies formally stated they were not under the rule of Great Britain and recast traditional English rights as universal human rights.
C)Opponents of the American Constitution who felt it diminished individual rights and accorded too much power to the federal government at the expense of the states.
D)Traditional representative body of the three estates of France that met in 1789 in response to imminent state bankruptcy.
E)French representative body formed in 1789 by the delegates of the third estate and some members of the clergy, the second estate.
F)A political group during the French Revolution to which many of the deputies of the Legislative Assembly belonged.
G)Led by Robespierre, the French National Convention's radical faction, which led the Convention in 1793.
H)A moderate group that fought for control of the French National Convention in 1793.
I)The laboring poor of Paris, so called because the men wore trousers instead of the knee breeches of the wealthy; the term came to refer to the militant radicals of the city.
J)The period from 1793 to 1794, during which Robespierre's Committee of Public Safety tried and executed thousands suspected of political crimes and a new revolutionary culture was imposed.
K)A response in 1794 to the violence of the Reign of Terror, resulting in the execution of Robespierre and the loosening of economic controls.
L)French civil regulations promulgated in 1804 that reasserted the 1789 principles of the equality of all male citizens before the law and the absolute security of wealth and private property.
M)The area over which Napoleon and his allies ruled, encompassing virtually all of Europe except Great Britain.
N)A blockade imposed by Napoleon in which no ship coming from Britain or its colonies was permitted to dock at any port controlled by the French.
O)People of European descent born in the Americas.
P)A term for natives of Spain and Portugal.

Question

Compare the origins of the American and French revolutions. In what ways do the factors behind each revolution reflect the situation in each country? How did these factors influence the course of each revolution?

Question

Use the following to answer questions :
peninsulares

A)The 1763 diplomatic arrangement that ended the Seven Years' War, according vast French territories in North America and India to Britain and Louisiana to Spain.
B)The 1776 document in which the American colonies formally stated they were not under the rule of Great Britain and recast traditional English rights as universal human rights.
C)Opponents of the American Constitution who felt it diminished individual rights and accorded too much power to the federal government at the expense of the states.
D)Traditional representative body of the three estates of France that met in 1789 in response to imminent state bankruptcy.
E)French representative body formed in 1789 by the delegates of the third estate and some members of the clergy, the second estate.
F)A political group during the French Revolution to which many of the deputies of the Legislative Assembly belonged.
G)Led by Robespierre, the French National Convention's radical faction, which led the Convention in 1793.
H)A moderate group that fought for control of the French National Convention in 1793.
I)The laboring poor of Paris, so called because the men wore trousers instead of the knee breeches of the wealthy; the term came to refer to the militant radicals of the city.
J)The period from 1793 to 1794, during which Robespierre's Committee of Public Safety tried and executed thousands suspected of political crimes and a new revolutionary culture was imposed.
K)A response in 1794 to the violence of the Reign of Terror, resulting in the execution of Robespierre and the loosening of economic controls.
L)French civil regulations promulgated in 1804 that reasserted the 1789 principles of the equality of all male citizens before the law and the absolute security of wealth and private property.
M)The area over which Napoleon and his allies ruled, encompassing virtually all of Europe except Great Britain.
N)A blockade imposed by Napoleon in which no ship coming from Britain or its colonies was permitted to dock at any port controlled by the French.
O)People of European descent born in the Americas.
P)A term for natives of Spain and Portugal.

Question

Use the following to answer questions :
Jacobin club

A)The 1763 diplomatic arrangement that ended the Seven Years' War, according vast French territories in North America and India to Britain and Louisiana to Spain.
B)The 1776 document in which the American colonies formally stated they were not under the rule of Great Britain and recast traditional English rights as universal human rights.
C)Opponents of the American Constitution who felt it diminished individual rights and accorded too much power to the federal government at the expense of the states.
D)Traditional representative body of the three estates of France that met in 1789 in response to imminent state bankruptcy.
E)French representative body formed in 1789 by the delegates of the third estate and some members of the clergy, the second estate.
F)A political group during the French Revolution to which many of the deputies of the Legislative Assembly belonged.
G)Led by Robespierre, the French National Convention's radical faction, which led the Convention in 1793.
H)A moderate group that fought for control of the French National Convention in 1793.
I)The laboring poor of Paris, so called because the men wore trousers instead of the knee breeches of the wealthy; the term came to refer to the militant radicals of the city.
J)The period from 1793 to 1794, during which Robespierre's Committee of Public Safety tried and executed thousands suspected of political crimes and a new revolutionary culture was imposed.
K)A response in 1794 to the violence of the Reign of Terror, resulting in the execution of Robespierre and the loosening of economic controls.
L)French civil regulations promulgated in 1804 that reasserted the 1789 principles of the equality of all male citizens before the law and the absolute security of wealth and private property.
M)The area over which Napoleon and his allies ruled, encompassing virtually all of Europe except Great Britain.
N)A blockade imposed by Napoleon in which no ship coming from Britain or its colonies was permitted to dock at any port controlled by the French.
O)People of European descent born in the Americas.
P)A term for natives of Spain and Portugal.

Question

Use the following to answer questions :
Thermidorian reaction

A)The 1763 diplomatic arrangement that ended the Seven Years' War, according vast French territories in North America and India to Britain and Louisiana to Spain.
B)The 1776 document in which the American colonies formally stated they were not under the rule of Great Britain and recast traditional English rights as universal human rights.
C)Opponents of the American Constitution who felt it diminished individual rights and accorded too much power to the federal government at the expense of the states.
D)Traditional representative body of the three estates of France that met in 1789 in response to imminent state bankruptcy.
E)French representative body formed in 1789 by the delegates of the third estate and some members of the clergy, the second estate.
F)A political group during the French Revolution to which many of the deputies of the Legislative Assembly belonged.
G)Led by Robespierre, the French National Convention's radical faction, which led the Convention in 1793.
H)A moderate group that fought for control of the French National Convention in 1793.
I)The laboring poor of Paris, so called because the men wore trousers instead of the knee breeches of the wealthy; the term came to refer to the militant radicals of the city.
J)The period from 1793 to 1794, during which Robespierre's Committee of Public Safety tried and executed thousands suspected of political crimes and a new revolutionary culture was imposed.
K)A response in 1794 to the violence of the Reign of Terror, resulting in the execution of Robespierre and the loosening of economic controls.
L)French civil regulations promulgated in 1804 that reasserted the 1789 principles of the equality of all male citizens before the law and the absolute security of wealth and private property.
M)The area over which Napoleon and his allies ruled, encompassing virtually all of Europe except Great Britain.
N)A blockade imposed by Napoleon in which no ship coming from Britain or its colonies was permitted to dock at any port controlled by the French.
O)People of European descent born in the Americas.
P)A term for natives of Spain and Portugal.

Question

The common people of France, both rural and urban, played a significant role in the French Revolution. Discuss their role in the events of the summer and fall of 1789, during the National Convention, the Reign of Terror, and the Thermidorian reaction. What motivated the peasants and the sans-culottes? How successful would the Revolution have been without the actions of the common people?

Question

The Atlantic revolutions, spanning from France to North and South America, shared many common traits. But in important ways, they were also very different. Discuss some of the broad similarities and differences in the Atlantic revolutions.

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Deck 22: Revolutions in the Atlantic World, 1775-1825