Deck 10: African Societies and Kingdoms, 1000 Bce-1500 Ce

Question 1

Which of the following describes religious practices in western Sudan?

A) They were animistic and polytheistic.
B) Most people adhered to Islam.
C) Christianity became the norm once it was introduced into Ethiopia.
D) People in that region of Africa practiced an extinct form of monotheism.

Answer 1

They were animistic and polytheistic.

Question 2

Among the Asante in modern-day Ghana and the Yoruba in modern-day Nigeria, what figure held power equal to or even greater than the king?

A) The chief priest
B) The son of the king
C) The Queen Mother
D) The wife of the king

Answer 2

The Queen Mother

Question 3

A common belief in most African religions held that

A) the gods created social hierarchies.
B) a supreme being had created the universe.
C) natural phenomena could not be explained or controlled.
D) an individual needs to explore their own spirituality.

Answer 3

a supreme being had created the universe.

Question 4

What crop was a major contributor to the rise in population of central Africa around 1000 C.E.?

A) Bananas
B) Yams
C) Millet
D) Sorghum

Question 5

According to Map 10.2, "African Kingdoms and Trade, ca. 800-1500," which of the following regions in Africa was most likely to come into contact with Portuguese traders?

A) Mogadishu
B) Aksum
C) Benin
D) Tunis

Question 6

The village of Nok in Nigeria is famed for which of the following metallurgic skills?

A) Bronze casting
B) Goldsmithing
C) Silver mining
D) Ironworking

Question 7

What does the term Bantu refer to?

A) A linguistic classification of African peoples who lived south of the Congo River.
B) The name given to the ruler of the kingdom of Ghana.
C) The region between the Sahara Desert and the subtropical region of central Africa.
D) A form of slavery practiced in West Africa.

Question 8

Kingship in the western Sudan may have emerged out of what social role?

A) Farmer
B) Scribe
C) Blacksmith
D) Priest

Question 9

Which of Africa's climate zones is best suited to grain-based agriculture?

A) Rain forest
B) Savanna
C) Desert
D) Steppe

Question 10

How did the development of the saddle contribute positively to the growth of trans-Saharan trade?

A) It enabled the Berbers to dominate the desert.
B) It increased the speed of the caravan trade.
C) It enabled merchants to cross the desert safely.
D) Its creation made animals useful for the first time in the trans-Saharan caravan trade.

Question 11

According to Map 10.2, "African Kingdoms and Trade, ca. 800-1500," based on their size and number, along which major river did many of Africa's largest and most numerous trade centers develop?

A) The Congo
B) The Niger
C) The Nile
D) The Limpopo

Question 12

Based on Map 10.2, "African Kingdoms and Trade, ca. 800-1500," which of the following peoples, due to their location, developed a strong maritime civilization and commercial contacts with the Middle and Far East?

A) Egyptian
B) Sudanese
C) Bantu
D) Swahili

Question 13

From where did Africans first gain ideas about settled agriculture?

A) Indian Ocean traders brought plants and technology to Africa.
B) The Greeks and Romans shared agricultural techniques with North Africa.
C) Agriculture in Africa developed independently without outside influence.
D) Africans learned about settled agriculture from the Middle East.

Question 14

What are the Namib and the Kalahari?

A) The fertile east and west coasts of Africa
B) Two of the largest rivers in sub-Saharan Africa
C) The capitals of Ghana and Mali, respectively
D) Two of Africa's great deserts

Question 15

What was one result of the development of agriculture in early Africa?

A) The nuclear family became isolated from neighbors.
B) Populations throughout Africa decreased at a slow rate.
C) Marriage ties were weakened in all areas.
D) Ties and connections between extended families became stronger.

Question 16

According to Map 10.1, "The Geography of Africa," which major river runs nearest to the equator?

A) The Congo
B) The Niger
C) The Nile
D) The Zambezi

Question 17

According to Map 10.1, "The Geography of Africa," which of the following best describes the climatic conditions through most of the African continent?

A) Desert
B) Tropical
C) Sub-desert
D) Highland

Question 18

Where did the Bantu peoples originate?

A) South Africa
B) Egypt
C) Cameroon and Nigeria
D) Palestine

Question 19

Scholars speculate that crops such as bananas and plantains originated where?

A) They are indigenous to Africa.
B) They were brought to Africa from South America.
C) They were brought to Africa from Asia.
D) They were brought to Africa from Europe.

Question 20

After gold, what was the most import trade commodity to come out of West Africa?

A) Ivory
B) Kola nuts
C) Silver
D) Slaves

Question 21

What role outside of religion did Ghana's Muslim religious leaders play?

A) They sat in judgment of legal cases of all people in the kingdom.
B) They exercised civil authority over their fellow Muslims.
C) They were responsible for collecting tribute from the king's subordinate chieftains.
D) They were solely responsible for building new schools and universities.

Question 22

Mali's success as a kingdom was aided in part by which of the following?

A) A pool of highly skilled artisans
B) Control of highly productive gold mines
C) A strong agricultural and commercial base
D) A military equipped with superior technology

Question 23

Royal descent in Ghana was hereditary. Who succeeded a king upon his death?

A) His firstborn son
B) His sister's son
C) His strongest son
D) His brother

Question 24

Approximately how many Africans were forced, according to the estimate of scholars, into the trans-Saharan slave trade between 650 and 1500?

A) 1 million
B) 2 million
C) 4 million
D) 8 million

Question 25

What was Mansa Musa's most significant innovation?

A) He used loyal family members as provincial governors.
B) He abolished the stratified social structure.
C) He introduced European-style military reforms.
D) He established a process by which slaves could buy their freedom.

Question 26

On what was political authority in the Ethiopian kingdom based?

A) The Christian faith
B) The Muslim Shari'a
C) The legacy of the pharaohs
D) Military strength

Question 27

After the eighth century, most of the Berbers had converted to what religion?

A) Christianity
B) Islam
C) Buddhism
D) Animism

Question 28

By the fifteenth century, some 150 schools in Timbuktu were devoted to which of the following?

A) Training new merchants
B) Educating former slaves
C) Studying the Qur'an
D) Maintaining oral traditions

Question 29

During Ghana's heyday, what were the Mandinka known for?

A) Creating a rival kingdom that overthrew Ghana
B) Remaining seminomadic and nonagricultural
C) Converting to Islam and trading with Arabs
D) Acting as middlemen in the gold and salt trades

Question 30

Following the conversion of North Africans to Islam, where did the deepest penetration of Islam occur south of the Sahara?

A) In the West African kingdoms of Ghana and Mali
B) Along the east coast of Africa
C) In Namibia
D) Along the southern coast of Africa

Question 31

How did the expansion of Islam into northern Ethiopia in the eighth century affect the city of Aksum?

A) It brought a huge influx of trade to the city.
B) It resolved religious conflicts that had weakened the region for four centuries.
C) It sparked a civil war and many political assassinations.
D) It weakened Aksum's commercial prosperity.

Question 32

What does the term ghana mean?

A) "Rain maker"
B) "War chief"
C) "The divine"
D) "Father"

Question 33

How did Muslims and non-Muslims interact in Ghana?

A) Everyone was thoroughly integrated into the local society.
B) Not well; eventually the Muslims converted to animism as a result of political pressure.
C) Muslims provided valuable unskilled labor for the mines.
D) Muslims lived separately from the African artisans and traders.

Question 34

Why did the civilization of Ghana develop in the southern portion of Wagadou?

A) Muslims had already settled there and built urban centers.
B) The king of Ghana had a vision from his god to settle there.
C) The Mandinka people had recently left, and the land was empty.
D) Only the southern part received enough rainfall to be agriculturally productive.

Question 35

What was the most common form of leadership in the stateless societies of Africa?

A) Kingship
B) Theocracy
C) Local council
D) Dictatorship

Question 36

In the tenth century, Ghana became powerful by capturing what territory?

A) The neighboring kingdom of Mali and its goldmines
B) The territory of the Soninke king
C) The Berber town of Awdaghost and the southern portion of the trans-Saharan trade route
D) The majority of Berber strongholds and their mosques

Question 37

What role did race play in the African slave trade?

A) Race had little or no association with slavery.
B) Slavery was generally associated with lighter-skinned peoples.
C) Only black Africans were enslaved.
D) Caucasians were never enslaved in Africa.

Question 38

Under the reign of Mansa Musa, what happened to the city of Timbuktu?

A) It lost its position as a major terminus of trans-Saharan trade.
B) It became the capital city of the entire Mali kingdom.
C) Its inhabitants revolted against the Islamic influences supported by the king.
D) It developed into a thriving commercial and intellectual center.

Question 39

What was the greatest source of income for the king of Ghana?

A) The slave trade
B) His royal estates
C) His gold export monopoly
D) The salt trade

Question 40

Which of the following was a consequence of Mansa Musa's pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324-1325?

A) Europeans attempted to convert the people of Mali to Christianity.
B) The Mediterranean world gained knowledge of the wealth of Mali.
C) Berbers began invading Mali in order to capture its gold.
D) Egypt and Arabia closed itself off from Mali trade.

Question 41

Discuss the development and spread of ironworking technology in sub-Saharan Africa.

Question 42

How did the growth of trans-Saharan trade affect West African society?

Question 43

Ethiopia was the first black African society that

A) moved from being predominately Christian to Islamic.
B) built mosques.
C) can be studied from written records.
D) allowed Arab men to legally marry African women.

Question 44

Although many peoples settled in East Africa, including Arabs and Persians, much of Madagascar was settled by people from what area?

A) Europe
B) Mandinka
C) Egypt
D) Indonesia

Question 45

Discuss some of the reasons why West Africa rulers-such as the kings of Ghana, Mali, and Kanem-Bornu-converted to Islam.

Question 46

Describe the various ways settled agriculture moved into different regions of Africa.

Question 47

How did the saddle change the culture of the Berbers of North Africa?

Question 48

What did Greco-Roman ships traveling down from the east coast of Africa take to trade with peoples of that region?

A) Raw cotton and textiles
B) Slaves for the East African markets
C) Manufactured goods
D) Ivory and animal skins

Question 49

What kinds of goods were imported into and exported out of the East African city-states? What is the significance of this trade?

Question 50

What role might Islam have played in the eventual fall of Ghana?

Question 51

The polyglot coastal culture of East Africa is known as what?

A) Coptic
B) Zimbabwe
C) Swahili
D) Soninke

Question 52

Besides written documents, what sources do scholars use in order to study early Africa? Please support your answer with specific examples.

Question 53

Trace the Bantu migrations into central and southern Africa. How did these migrations affect the development of civilization in Africa?

Question 54

Which of the following is true of the Kebra Negast?

A) It served as a national epic and linked Ethiopia's identity to the Judeo-Christian tradition.
B) It told the story of the gold trade in Mali and the rise of the great Ethiopian king Mansa Musa.
C) If offered insight into African slavery and described the horrors endured by slaves in the trans-Saharan slave trade.
D) It detailed the extent of landed estates in Ghana and served as the first official census in Africa.

Question 55

What likely caused the fifteenth-century decline of Great Zimbabwe?

A) High mortality rates owing to diseases brought by Arab traders
B) Agriculturally unproductive land
C) Exhausted gold mines
D) Corrupt rulers

Question 56

How did the influx of migrants from the Arabian peninsula affect the lives of the coastal people of East Africa?

A) The migrants had little to no influence as they remained strictly segregated from the indigenous peoples.
B) The Arabs introduced a strict social and racial hierarchy to the native culture and prohibited marriage between Arabs and Africans.
C) The migrants introduced Islamic culture, intermarried with Africans, and helped form a society that combined Asian, African, and Islamic traits.
D) The Arabs aggressively spread Islamic culture throughout the region and suppressed more traditional religious beliefs and cultural practices.

Question 57

Even up to 1955, Ethiopia's rulers claimed that they could trace their line of succession back to which of the following?

A) Abu Bakr, Muhammad's immediate successor
B) James, Jesus's younger brother
C) The Queen Mother
D) The Hebrew king Solomon

Question 58

What is the significance of al-Bakri's claim that there were twelve mosques in the Muslim half of Koumbi Saleh?

Question 59

How did Christianity influence marriage norms in Ethiopia?

A) Polygamy was banned throughout the kingdom.
B) Monogamy was unusual but not unknown.
C) Polygamy remained common but was scorned.
D) Monogamy became common.

Question 60

The introduction of Coptic Christianity into Ethiopia is traditionally ascribed to whom?

A) Frumentius
B) Sheba
C) Menilek I
D) Prester John

Question 61

Use the following to answer questions :
Sudan

A)Speakers of this African language living south and east of the Congo River.
B)The African region surrounded by the Sahara, the Gulf of Guinea, the Atlantic Ocean, and the mountains of Ethiopia.
C)North African peoples who controlled the caravan trade between the Mediterranean and the Sudan.
D)A Muslim port city in East Africa founded between the eighth and tenth centuries; today it is the capital of Somalia.
E)African collectives bound together by ethnic or blood ties rather than by being political territories.
F)From the word for "war chief," the name of a large and influential African kingdom inhabited by the Soninke people.
G)The city in which the king of Ghana held his court.
H)Originally a campsite for desert nomads, it grew into a thriving city under Mansa Musa, king of Mali and Africa's most famous ruler.
I)A kingdom in northwestern Ethiopia that was a sizable trading state and the center of Christian culture.
J)The East African coastal culture, named after a Bantu language whose vocabulary and poetic forms exhibit strong Arabic influences.
K)The most powerful city on the east coast of Africa by the late thirteenth century.
L)A ruined southern African city discovered by a German explorer in 1871; it is considered the most impressive monument south of the Nile Valley and Ethiopian highlands.

Question 62

Use the following to answer questions :
Koumbi Saleh

A)Speakers of this African language living south and east of the Congo River.
B)The African region surrounded by the Sahara, the Gulf of Guinea, the Atlantic Ocean, and the mountains of Ethiopia.
C)North African peoples who controlled the caravan trade between the Mediterranean and the Sudan.
D)A Muslim port city in East Africa founded between the eighth and tenth centuries; today it is the capital of Somalia.
E)African collectives bound together by ethnic or blood ties rather than by being political territories.
F)From the word for "war chief," the name of a large and influential African kingdom inhabited by the Soninke people.
G)The city in which the king of Ghana held his court.
H)Originally a campsite for desert nomads, it grew into a thriving city under Mansa Musa, king of Mali and Africa's most famous ruler.
I)A kingdom in northwestern Ethiopia that was a sizable trading state and the center of Christian culture.
J)The East African coastal culture, named after a Bantu language whose vocabulary and poetic forms exhibit strong Arabic influences.
K)The most powerful city on the east coast of Africa by the late thirteenth century.
L)A ruined southern African city discovered by a German explorer in 1871; it is considered the most impressive monument south of the Nile Valley and Ethiopian highlands.

Question 63

Use the following to answer questions :
Timbuktu

A)Speakers of this African language living south and east of the Congo River.
B)The African region surrounded by the Sahara, the Gulf of Guinea, the Atlantic Ocean, and the mountains of Ethiopia.
C)North African peoples who controlled the caravan trade between the Mediterranean and the Sudan.
D)A Muslim port city in East Africa founded between the eighth and tenth centuries; today it is the capital of Somalia.
E)African collectives bound together by ethnic or blood ties rather than by being political territories.
F)From the word for "war chief," the name of a large and influential African kingdom inhabited by the Soninke people.
G)The city in which the king of Ghana held his court.
H)Originally a campsite for desert nomads, it grew into a thriving city under Mansa Musa, king of Mali and Africa's most famous ruler.
I)A kingdom in northwestern Ethiopia that was a sizable trading state and the center of Christian culture.
J)The East African coastal culture, named after a Bantu language whose vocabulary and poetic forms exhibit strong Arabic influences.
K)The most powerful city on the east coast of Africa by the late thirteenth century.
L)A ruined southern African city discovered by a German explorer in 1871; it is considered the most impressive monument south of the Nile Valley and Ethiopian highlands.

Question 64

Use the following to answer questions :
Great Zimbabwe

A)Speakers of this African language living south and east of the Congo River.
B)The African region surrounded by the Sahara, the Gulf of Guinea, the Atlantic Ocean, and the mountains of Ethiopia.
C)North African peoples who controlled the caravan trade between the Mediterranean and the Sudan.
D)A Muslim port city in East Africa founded between the eighth and tenth centuries; today it is the capital of Somalia.
E)African collectives bound together by ethnic or blood ties rather than by being political territories.
F)From the word for "war chief," the name of a large and influential African kingdom inhabited by the Soninke people.
G)The city in which the king of Ghana held his court.
H)Originally a campsite for desert nomads, it grew into a thriving city under Mansa Musa, king of Mali and Africa's most famous ruler.
I)A kingdom in northwestern Ethiopia that was a sizable trading state and the center of Christian culture.
J)The East African coastal culture, named after a Bantu language whose vocabulary and poetic forms exhibit strong Arabic influences.
K)The most powerful city on the east coast of Africa by the late thirteenth century.
L)A ruined southern African city discovered by a German explorer in 1871; it is considered the most impressive monument south of the Nile Valley and Ethiopian highlands.

Question 65

Describe the trade routes that connected sub-Saharan Africa to the Mediterranean world and Asia. What peoples were connected to one another along these routes?

Question 66

Use the following to answer questions :
Mogadishu

A)Speakers of this African language living south and east of the Congo River.
B)The African region surrounded by the Sahara, the Gulf of Guinea, the Atlantic Ocean, and the mountains of Ethiopia.
C)North African peoples who controlled the caravan trade between the Mediterranean and the Sudan.
D)A Muslim port city in East Africa founded between the eighth and tenth centuries; today it is the capital of Somalia.
E)African collectives bound together by ethnic or blood ties rather than by being political territories.
F)From the word for "war chief," the name of a large and influential African kingdom inhabited by the Soninke people.
G)The city in which the king of Ghana held his court.
H)Originally a campsite for desert nomads, it grew into a thriving city under Mansa Musa, king of Mali and Africa's most famous ruler.
I)A kingdom in northwestern Ethiopia that was a sizable trading state and the center of Christian culture.
J)The East African coastal culture, named after a Bantu language whose vocabulary and poetic forms exhibit strong Arabic influences.
K)The most powerful city on the east coast of Africa by the late thirteenth century.
L)A ruined southern African city discovered by a German explorer in 1871; it is considered the most impressive monument south of the Nile Valley and Ethiopian highlands.

Question 67

The kingdom of Ghana and its successor, Mali, were both powerful states. What were the economic, military, and political bases of this power? How did older social and religious patterns affect the subsequent development of Ghana and Mali?

Question 68

Use the following to answer questions :
Bantu

A)Speakers of this African language living south and east of the Congo River.
B)The African region surrounded by the Sahara, the Gulf of Guinea, the Atlantic Ocean, and the mountains of Ethiopia.
C)North African peoples who controlled the caravan trade between the Mediterranean and the Sudan.
D)A Muslim port city in East Africa founded between the eighth and tenth centuries; today it is the capital of Somalia.
E)African collectives bound together by ethnic or blood ties rather than by being political territories.
F)From the word for "war chief," the name of a large and influential African kingdom inhabited by the Soninke people.
G)The city in which the king of Ghana held his court.
H)Originally a campsite for desert nomads, it grew into a thriving city under Mansa Musa, king of Mali and Africa's most famous ruler.
I)A kingdom in northwestern Ethiopia that was a sizable trading state and the center of Christian culture.
J)The East African coastal culture, named after a Bantu language whose vocabulary and poetic forms exhibit strong Arabic influences.
K)The most powerful city on the east coast of Africa by the late thirteenth century.
L)A ruined southern African city discovered by a German explorer in 1871; it is considered the most impressive monument south of the Nile Valley and Ethiopian highlands.

Question 69

Use the following to answer questions :
Kilwa

A)Speakers of this African language living south and east of the Congo River.
B)The African region surrounded by the Sahara, the Gulf of Guinea, the Atlantic Ocean, and the mountains of Ethiopia.
C)North African peoples who controlled the caravan trade between the Mediterranean and the Sudan.
D)A Muslim port city in East Africa founded between the eighth and tenth centuries; today it is the capital of Somalia.
E)African collectives bound together by ethnic or blood ties rather than by being political territories.
F)From the word for "war chief," the name of a large and influential African kingdom inhabited by the Soninke people.
G)The city in which the king of Ghana held his court.
H)Originally a campsite for desert nomads, it grew into a thriving city under Mansa Musa, king of Mali and Africa's most famous ruler.
I)A kingdom in northwestern Ethiopia that was a sizable trading state and the center of Christian culture.
J)The East African coastal culture, named after a Bantu language whose vocabulary and poetic forms exhibit strong Arabic influences.
K)The most powerful city on the east coast of Africa by the late thirteenth century.
L)A ruined southern African city discovered by a German explorer in 1871; it is considered the most impressive monument south of the Nile Valley and Ethiopian highlands.

Question 70

Discuss the impact of the gold trade on the development of African civilization.

Question 71

Use the following to answer questions :
Aksum

A)Speakers of this African language living south and east of the Congo River.
B)The African region surrounded by the Sahara, the Gulf of Guinea, the Atlantic Ocean, and the mountains of Ethiopia.
C)North African peoples who controlled the caravan trade between the Mediterranean and the Sudan.
D)A Muslim port city in East Africa founded between the eighth and tenth centuries; today it is the capital of Somalia.
E)African collectives bound together by ethnic or blood ties rather than by being political territories.
F)From the word for "war chief," the name of a large and influential African kingdom inhabited by the Soninke people.
G)The city in which the king of Ghana held his court.
H)Originally a campsite for desert nomads, it grew into a thriving city under Mansa Musa, king of Mali and Africa's most famous ruler.
I)A kingdom in northwestern Ethiopia that was a sizable trading state and the center of Christian culture.
J)The East African coastal culture, named after a Bantu language whose vocabulary and poetic forms exhibit strong Arabic influences.
K)The most powerful city on the east coast of Africa by the late thirteenth century.
L)A ruined southern African city discovered by a German explorer in 1871; it is considered the most impressive monument south of the Nile Valley and Ethiopian highlands.

Question 72

Use the following to answer questions :
Ghana

A)Speakers of this African language living south and east of the Congo River.
B)The African region surrounded by the Sahara, the Gulf of Guinea, the Atlantic Ocean, and the mountains of Ethiopia.
C)North African peoples who controlled the caravan trade between the Mediterranean and the Sudan.
D)A Muslim port city in East Africa founded between the eighth and tenth centuries; today it is the capital of Somalia.
E)African collectives bound together by ethnic or blood ties rather than by being political territories.
F)From the word for "war chief," the name of a large and influential African kingdom inhabited by the Soninke people.
G)The city in which the king of Ghana held his court.
H)Originally a campsite for desert nomads, it grew into a thriving city under Mansa Musa, king of Mali and Africa's most famous ruler.
I)A kingdom in northwestern Ethiopia that was a sizable trading state and the center of Christian culture.
J)The East African coastal culture, named after a Bantu language whose vocabulary and poetic forms exhibit strong Arabic influences.
K)The most powerful city on the east coast of Africa by the late thirteenth century.
L)A ruined southern African city discovered by a German explorer in 1871; it is considered the most impressive monument south of the Nile Valley and Ethiopian highlands.

Question 73

Discuss the nature of life and society in the kingdoms of western Sudan from 1000 B.C.E. to 800 C.E.

Question 74

Compare and contrast the adoption of Christianity to the adoption or tolerance of Islam and the impact of these religions on state formation in Africa.

Question 75

Use the following to answer questions :
Swahili

A)Speakers of this African language living south and east of the Congo River.
B)The African region surrounded by the Sahara, the Gulf of Guinea, the Atlantic Ocean, and the mountains of Ethiopia.
C)North African peoples who controlled the caravan trade between the Mediterranean and the Sudan.
D)A Muslim port city in East Africa founded between the eighth and tenth centuries; today it is the capital of Somalia.
E)African collectives bound together by ethnic or blood ties rather than by being political territories.
F)From the word for "war chief," the name of a large and influential African kingdom inhabited by the Soninke people.
G)The city in which the king of Ghana held his court.
H)Originally a campsite for desert nomads, it grew into a thriving city under Mansa Musa, king of Mali and Africa's most famous ruler.
I)A kingdom in northwestern Ethiopia that was a sizable trading state and the center of Christian culture.
J)The East African coastal culture, named after a Bantu language whose vocabulary and poetic forms exhibit strong Arabic influences.
K)The most powerful city on the east coast of Africa by the late thirteenth century.
L)A ruined southern African city discovered by a German explorer in 1871; it is considered the most impressive monument south of the Nile Valley and Ethiopian highlands.

Question 76

Use the following to answer questions :
Berbers

A)Speakers of this African language living south and east of the Congo River.
B)The African region surrounded by the Sahara, the Gulf of Guinea, the Atlantic Ocean, and the mountains of Ethiopia.
C)North African peoples who controlled the caravan trade between the Mediterranean and the Sudan.
D)A Muslim port city in East Africa founded between the eighth and tenth centuries; today it is the capital of Somalia.
E)African collectives bound together by ethnic or blood ties rather than by being political territories.
F)From the word for "war chief," the name of a large and influential African kingdom inhabited by the Soninke people.
G)The city in which the king of Ghana held his court.
H)Originally a campsite for desert nomads, it grew into a thriving city under Mansa Musa, king of Mali and Africa's most famous ruler.
I)A kingdom in northwestern Ethiopia that was a sizable trading state and the center of Christian culture.
J)The East African coastal culture, named after a Bantu language whose vocabulary and poetic forms exhibit strong Arabic influences.
K)The most powerful city on the east coast of Africa by the late thirteenth century.
L)A ruined southern African city discovered by a German explorer in 1871; it is considered the most impressive monument south of the Nile Valley and Ethiopian highlands.

Question 77

Use the following to answer questions :
stateless societies

A)Speakers of this African language living south and east of the Congo River.
B)The African region surrounded by the Sahara, the Gulf of Guinea, the Atlantic Ocean, and the mountains of Ethiopia.
C)North African peoples who controlled the caravan trade between the Mediterranean and the Sudan.
D)A Muslim port city in East Africa founded between the eighth and tenth centuries; today it is the capital of Somalia.
E)African collectives bound together by ethnic or blood ties rather than by being political territories.
F)From the word for "war chief," the name of a large and influential African kingdom inhabited by the Soninke people.
G)The city in which the king of Ghana held his court.
H)Originally a campsite for desert nomads, it grew into a thriving city under Mansa Musa, king of Mali and Africa's most famous ruler.
I)A kingdom in northwestern Ethiopia that was a sizable trading state and the center of Christian culture.
J)The East African coastal culture, named after a Bantu language whose vocabulary and poetic forms exhibit strong Arabic influences.
K)The most powerful city on the east coast of Africa by the late thirteenth century.
L)A ruined southern African city discovered by a German explorer in 1871; it is considered the most impressive monument south of the Nile Valley and Ethiopian highlands.