Deck 17: Shorelines

Question 1

A sand ridge connecting an island to the mainland or to another island is a .

A)jetty
B)breakwater
C)tombolo
D)sea stack

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which one of the following structures is built to protect boats from large breaking waves?

A)groin
B)breakwater
C)seawall
D)jetty

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The daily tidal range is GREATEST during tide.

A)neap
B)ebb
C)spring
D)none of these

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The daily tidal range is LEAST during _ tide.

A)ebb
B)spring
C)neap
D)none of these

Question 5

The presence of which one of the following would indicate that the land had been uplifted or that sea level had fallen?

A)elevated marine terrace
B)an estuary
C)a tombolo
D)a sea stack

Question 6

The movement of sand parallel to the shore .

A)is achieved by longshore currents
B)may create spits
C)is created by waves approaching at an oblique angle
D)all of the above

Question 7

An isolated remnant of wave erosion is a .

A)jetty
B)sea stack
C)spit
D)groin

Question 8

Which of the following is designed to prevent or retard shoreline erosion?

A)groin
B)seawall
C)beach nourishment
D)all of these

Question 9

A flat, bench- like surface cut in rock along a coast is a .

A)spit
B)tombolo
C)wave- cut platform
D)sea stack

Question 10

The height, length, and period of a wave depend upon .

A)the wind speed
B)the length of time the wind has blown
C)the fetch
D)all of these

Question 11

A sandbar that completely crosses a bay, sealing it off from the open ocean is a _.

A)tombolo
B)coastal barrier
C)sea stack
D)none of these

Question 12

When waves reach shallow water, they are often bent and tend to become parallel to the shore. This process is termed _.

A)refraction
B)translation
C)reflection
D)oscillation

Question 13

A ridge of sand projecting into a bay and often having a hooked end is a _ .

A)spit
B)sea stack
C)jetty
D)groin

Question 14

Waves begin to "feel bottom" when the depth of water is _.

A)equal to one- half the wavelength
B)twice as great as the wavelength
C)three times as great as the wavelength
D)equal to the wavelength

Question 15

Fetch is .

A)the distance between the trough of a wave and the still water level
B)a method of shoreline erosion control
C)the circular pattern made by water particles when a wave passes
D)none of these

Question 16

Which one of the following is a landform created by wave erosion?

A)spit
B)sea arch
C)tombolo
D)estuary

Question 17

A _ is an isolated remnant of bedrock standing above a wave- cut platform.

A)sea spit
B)sea stack
C)sea rampart
D)sea span

Question 18

Erosional retreat of a(n)leads to enlargement and extension of a wave- cut platform in the inland direction.

A)wave- cut barrier beach
B)offshore, wave- cut, breakwater bar
C)wave- cut cliff
D)wave- cut tombolo

Question 19

A poleward- moving ocean current is .

A)cold
B)warm only in the Northern Hemisphere
C)warm only in the Southern Hemisphere
D)warm

Question 20

The zigzag movement of sand grains along a beach is .

A)caused by obliquely breaking waves
B)called beach drift
C)All of the above.
D)None of the above.

Question 21

Which of the following is a tidal current?

A)both flood and ebb tide
B)ebb tide
C)flood tide
D)spring tide

Question 22

A ridge of sand that connects an island to the mainland or to another island is a(n)
.

Question 23

Label the basic parts of a wave on the diagram below.

Question 24

Shorelines are temporary geologic and topographic features. Explain this statement.

Question 25

The is the distance the wind has traveled across open water.

Question 26

Chesapeake Bay and Delaware Bay are .

A)associated with a submergent coast
B)excellent examples of large estuaries
C)former river valleys that were flooded by a rise in sea level
D)all of the above

Question 27

What term denotes a sand bar built across the former mouth of an estuary, separating it from the open sea?

Question 28

The movement of water within the surf zone that parallels the shore is termed .

A)longshore current
B)beach drift
C)salinity current
D)tidal current

Question 29

A barrier built at a right angle to the beach for the purpose of trapping sand that is moving parallel to the shore is called a(n).

Question 30

One result of wave refraction is that wave energy is concentrated .

A)on headlands projecting into the water
B)in estuaries
C)in the recessed areas between headlands
D)none of the above

Question 31

What type of current is illustrated in the diagram below?

Question 32

Large estuaries are more common on a(n)coastline.

A)emergent
B)retreating
C)stable
D)submergent

Question 33

Low and narrow offshore ridges of sand that parallel the coast are called .

Question 34

Currents within the surf zone that flow parallel to the shore are known as currents.

Question 35

As a deep- water wave enters shallow water, the wave slows down and rotates toward being parallel with the shoreline. This process is known as .

Question 36

Structures called are built parallel to the shoreline to protect boats from the force of large breaking waves.

Question 37

When caves on opposite sides of a headland unite, a(n)results.

Question 38

The low- lying zones that are alternately covered by water during flood tide and exposed following ebb tide are called .

Question 39

A hurricane causes the most damage in the coastal zone because of _.

A)population density
B)storm surge
C)heavy rain
D)the hurricane's width

Question 40

Briefly discuss the movement of sand on a beach environment. Include those factors, both natural and human- induced, that affect sand movement.

Question 41

A variety of techniques and efforts are used to stabilize shorelines throughout the world. Are all of these efforts only temporary measures or are any of them permanent? Also, does urbanization and development of coastal areas always contribute to shoreline erosion? Explain.