Deck 6: Gender and Sexual Inequality

Question 1

Working and earning money was uncommon for women who were

A) divorced with children in the 1920s
B) middle class and married in the 1950s
C) middle class and married in the 1980s
D) Graduating from high school in the early 1940s

Answer 1

B

Question 2

One reason women's earnings have remained lower than men's is that women

A) are only half as likely as men to finish college
B) seldom work out of economic necessity
C) are concentrated in lower-wage occupations
D) are more likely to work at blue-collar manual jobs

Answer 2

C

Question 3

William Goode contends that men are very aware of the advantages accorded their gender and try to hide these from women.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Using a structural approach, Kanter argued that women managers tended to help subordinates rather than impress superiors because:

A) of the way they were socialized
B) they faced blocked opportunities
C) they actually feared success
D) women are naturally more nurturing than men

Question 5

The families struggling on the "Fault Line" of economic change that Lillian Rubin describes share the common attribute of being:

A) African American
B) working class
C) rural poor
D) Hispanic

Question 6

One of the lowest-paid occupations in the U.S. is

A) pipefitting
B) childcare
C) trash collection
D) coal mining

Question 7

Gender privilege makes most men largely invulnerable to economic turmoil.

Question 8

Peggy McIntosh contends that men are suspicious of gender role changes because they

A) inwardly believe women are inferior
B) believe it is unmanly to do housework
C) are as unaware of male privilege as whites are of white privilege
D) are eager to oppress women to maintain their own privileges

Question 9

Women's earnings showed gains relative to men's earnings in the 1980s and 2000s, largely because

A) the glass ceiling disappeared
B) women started moving into senior management in large numbers
C) poorly paid women left the labor force
D) men's average hourly earnings declined due to deindustrialization

Question 10

The glass ceiling:

A) limits a woman's ability to receive a promotion
B) no longer exists
C) was eliminated by federal and state laws
D) was a ploy by radical feminists

Question 11

McGuire found that women in the corporation are still left out of places where informal organizing and information sharing takes place, what Kanter called

A) the men's club
B) the daddy track
C) the shadow structure
D) the summit club

Question 12

Rosabeth Kanter believed that women's success in business was limited by

A) the way they were raised
B) their biological clocks
C) the power structure of the corporation
D) their tendency to nurture rather than compete

Question 13

With so many of their wives now working, the Mexican men studied by Gutmann have responded by

A) taking over cooking for the household
B) asserting their identity by becoming more macho
C) becoming more involved in child-rearing tasks
D) taking outside mistresses and lovers

Question 14

Jesse Bernard contended that the good provider role for men

A) is rooted in male and female biology
B) has always been an integral part of human societies
C) gave men advantages that assured their success
D) emerged in the market economy of the 1800s

Question 15

The proportion of the labor force that is female continues to increase.

Question 16

In the social ideal of the Victorian period, women in the U.S. and Britain were to be

A) educated and efficient businesspeople
B) sexually liberated and romantic
C) devoted mothers
D) politically aware and involved

Question 17

One sign of gender privilege is that men's earnings in real dollars have more than doubled since the 1970s.

Question 18

According to William Goode, men's resistance to gender role changes is similar to the attitudes of

A) traditional male chauvinists
B) other dominant groups
C) conspiratorial cliques
D) secret societies

Question 19

Describing women's new work and family commitments, Arlie Hochschild coined the term:

A) glass ceiling
B) second shift
C) mommy track
D) stay-at-home mom

Question 20

The Harvard social psychologists Hennig and Jardim believed that to succeed in business, women needed

A) a broader network of contacts
B) stronger affirmative action programs
C) management seminars to resocialize them
D) more understanding and supportive bosses

Question 21

How has masculinity conferred both privilege and vulnerability over time? How has this affected the lives and life chances of both men and women?

Question 22

Since the 1970s, women's entry into business, law, and medical professions has grown dramatically.

Question 23

Countries such as Canada and Argentina now recognize same-sex marriages.

Question 24

Women now make up at least half the political leadership of most countries.

Question 25

What factors have displaced men from traditional roles? What factors have over-burdened women in their old and new roles? How are men and women coping with these changes around the world?

Question 26

To understand the glass ceiling, Rosabeth Kanter argued that one must study what three aspects of corporate structure?

Question 27

Structural theorists of gender inequality believe that women don't get ahead because they are not innately competitive enough.

Question 28

Women's entry into the workforce means that they are proportionately doing much less of the domestic tasks at home.

Question 29

Women who enter higher-paying professions still typically earn less than their male colleagues for reasons that include:

Question 30

Social psychologists often analyze gender differences in the way men and women behave based on differential socialization.

Question 31

How have gender roles and expectations changed over time? What aspects have been slow to change? How have these changes both benefited and burdened women?

Question 32

What factors have been cited as contributing to the glass ceiling for women? What changes might promote the advancement of women in careers?