Deck 14: Molecular Genetic Analysis, Biotechnology, and Genomics

Question 1

Gene cloning requires placing the gene of interest into a cloning vector.A good cloning vector must have which of the following?

A)origin of replication
B)selectable markers
C)unique restriction sites)
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Answer 1

D
all of the above

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT true regarding DNA gel electrophoresis?

A)The agarose gel acts as a molecular sieve separating DNA fragments based on size.
B)Larger DNA fragments will migrate farther than smaller DNA fragments will.
C)By passing an electrical current through the gel,DNA fragments move toward the positive end.
D)Fragments of known size are used to measure the size of the sample DNA.
E)DNA needs to be stained in order to be visualized.

Answer 2

B
Larger DNA fragments will migrate farther than smaller DNA fragments will .

Question 3

You are studying a human gene that requires posttranslational modification.What featuresis important in picking your vector?

A)It needs to be an expression vector.
B)It needs to be a vector that can function in prokaryotic cells.
C)It does not require a selection marker.
D)All of the above are important.

Answer 3

A
It needs to be an expression vector .

Question 4

Recombinant DNA technology has led to advances in which of the following?

A)drug development
B)crop development
C)disease diagnosis and treatment
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 5

Which of the following is an advantage of whole-genome shotgun sequencing compared to map-based sequencing?

A)The shotgun approach does not require the use of plasmids.
B)The shotgun approach is highly automated.
C)Because of the efficiency of the shotgun approach,the genome is sequenced only one time.
D)All of the above are advantages of the shotgun approach.

Question 6

A person has been arrested and charged for murder.DNA fingerprint analyses were performed on DNA found at the crime scene left laneand on DNA from the suspect right lane).Does this evidence place the person at the scene of the crime?

A)This evidence indicates that the person was probably at the crime scene.
B)This evidence proves that the person was NOT at the crime scene.
C)This evidence does not prove that the person was at the crime scene,though the person still could have been there.
D)There is not enough DNA evidence.

Question 7

Thomas Hunt Morgan identified the white-eyed mutant using Drosophila and later determined it to be a sex-linked gene.This is an example of

A)forward genetics.
B)reverse genetics.
C)both forward and reverse genetics.
D)neither forward nor reverse genetics.

Question 8

Gene therapy involves transferring desired genes into diseased cells.Typically this is performed only on nonreproductive cells somatic cellsbecause there are ethical concerns in using germ-line gene therapy.Why?

A)This could alter the gene pool.
B)Germ-line gene therapy is technically impossible.
C)Both of the above are concerns.
D)There are no ethical concerns.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the field of bioinformatics?

A)Bioinformatics combines the fields of molecular biology and computer science.
B)Bioinformatics develops DNA and protein sequence databases.
C)Bioinformatics is essential in managing the vast amount of sequencing data that has been generated.
D)High subscription costs for access to bioinformatics databases make them impractical for students and many researchers.

Question 10

Molecular genetics is done with which class of restriction enzymes?

A)class I
B)class II
C)class III
D)class IV
E)all of the above

Question 11

Which of the following is a product that has resulted or improved because of recombinant DNA technology?

A)genetically engineered crops
B)specialized microorganisms
C)pharmaceuticals such as insulin and human growth hormone
D)genetically engineered animals
E)all of the above

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the human genome project?

A)The human genome project was completed by a public interest group and a privately funded group working together.
B)The human genome project has helped identify many genes related to diseases.
C)The human genome project has helped scientists understand basic biological questions.
D)Because of differences among the many groups working on the project,it finished five years behind schedule.
E)Comparing other sequenced genomes to the human genome has helped further our knowledge of evolution.

Question 13

To clone a large piece of DNA,which of the following bacterial cloning vectors should be used?

A)plasmid
B)phage lambda
C)cosmid
D)bacterial artificial chromosome
E)All can be used to clone any size of DNA.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a required step in genetically engineering bacteria that can produce a human protein?

A)Locate the desired human gene.
B)Insert the human gene into bacteria to ensure that it makes a stable protein.
C)Insert the human protein into bacteria.
D)all of the above

Question 15

A DNA probe with a sequence similar to that of the gene of interest is often used to screen a DNA library.What could you use as a probe if the sequence of the gene of interest is not known?

A)a similar gene from another organism
B)a synthetic probe,if the encoded amino acid sequence is known
C)either A or B
D)This screen is not possible until the DNA sequence of the gene of interest is known.

Question 16

DNA libraries are constructed and screened for genes of interest.If you were interested in identifying genes expressed in cancer cells,why might you choose to use a cDNA library instead of a genomic DNA library?

A)A cDNA library is larger in quantitythan a genomic library is.
B)A cDNA library is enriched for genes that are actively transcribed in your cell of interest.
C)A cDNA library is enriched with noncoding DNA.
D)A cDNA library is enriched for genes that are expressed at low frequency.
E)all of the above

Question 17

During dideoxy sequencing reactions,dideoxyribonucleoside triphosphates ddNTPsare added in small amounts to terminate the sequencing reaction.How do ddNTPs stop a sequencing reaction?

A)ddNTPs lack a 5′ phosphate group.
B)ddNTPs have a hydroxyl group at their 5′ end.
C)ddNTPs are irreversible inhibitors on polymerases.
D)ddNTPs lack a hydroxyl -OHgroup at their 3′ end.

Question 18

The human genome contains three genes for enolase $\alpha$ , $\beta$ , $\gamma$ ),whereas yeast contains just one gene for enolase.The three human enolase genes are __________ of each other,whereas the human and yeast enolase genes are __________ of each other.

A)homologs; homologs
B)othologs; paralogs
C)paralogs; orthologs
D)orthologs; homologs
E)homologs; paralogs

Question 19

A restriction enzyme that has a long recognition sequence will cut a genome ________ times compared to a restriction enzyme with a shorter recognition sequence.

A)more
B)fewer
C)the same number of
D)a random number of
E)none of the above

Question 20

Which is NOT true of a genetic map?

A)They are limited because of low resolution.
B)Their construction is based on genetic recombination.
C)They are limited because their construction is dependent upon single-locus traits.
D)Modern molecular techniques have aided in refining genetic maps.

Question 21

What technique would be most useful in comparing the different gene-expression patterns between different developmental stages of mouse embryogenesis?

A)microarray analysis
B)the use of reporter sequences
C)genome-wide mutagenesis
D)none of the above

Question 22

If you are studying a prokaryote that lives in a restricted environment,what might you predict about its genome size compared to that of a prokaryote living in a complex environment?

A)It should be larger.
B)It should be smaller.
C)The genomes of the two prokaryotes should be the same size.
D)Type of environment does not suggest anything about prokaryote genome size.

Question 23

From constructing mice with large deletions of gene deserts,researchers were able to conclude that gene deserts function in ____________.

A)the evolution of multigene families
B)survival rates
C)development
D)fertility
E)processes not yet known

Question 24

If you were interested in learning about a protein's function and about the proteins that it interacted with,which technique would be most useful?

A)affinity capture
B)protein microarray
C)mass spectrometry
D)structural proteomics
E)all of the above