Deck 4: Sociological Explanations of Juvenile Delinquency: Social Strain and Cultural Transmission Theories

Question 1

For an individual to be deviant or delinquent,he or she must be __________.

A)young
B)rich
C)poor
D)involved with other people

Answer 1

D

Question 2

One of the leading theories used to explain school shootings in the 1990's and 2000's was the work of __________.

A)Walter Miller
B)Robert Agnew
C)Robert Merton
D)Albert Cohen

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Sociology __________.

A)came into existence during the turbulent 1960s
B)is a comparatively old academic discipline
C)is a comparatively young academic discipline
D)is no longer an academic discipline

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Perhaps the greatest contribution of the strain theories has been in its application to __________.

A)gang delinquency
B)gang conformity
C)gang formation
D)gang status

Question 5

Which of the following roughly corresponds to Merton's conformity mode of adaptation?

A)the "college-boy" response
B)the "corner-boy" response
C)the "delinquent-boy" response
D)none of the above

Question 6

In his Typology of Modes Adaptive Behavior,Merton identified how many logically possible behavior patterns for individuals responding to culturally approved goals?

A)two
B)three
C)four
D)five

Question 7

Sociologists __________.

A)neglect the causes of juvenile delinquency
B)are unanimous in pinpointing the exact causes of juvenile delinquency
C)are not unanimous in pinpointing the exact causes of juvenile delinquency
D)prefer not to comment on the causes of juvenile delinquency

Question 8

In Delinquent Boys,Cohen's main focus was on __________.

A)the behavior of lower class juveniles
B)average boys.
C)middle class juveniles
D)abused children

Question 9

Cloward and Ohlin presented three types of juvenile gangs.Which of the following was NOT one of those gangs?

A)crime-oriented gang
B)conflict-oriented gang
C)rebellion-oriented gang
D)retreatist-oriented gang

Question 10

Durkheim contended that unusually high suicide rates were best understood and predicted from a careful study of __________.

A)arrest rates
B)economic status
C)prevailing social conditions
D)local government

Question 11

During times of social upheaval,social norms become confusing and contradictory,and,according to Durkheim,__________.

A)the rules that restrain us from socially unacceptable acts can become weak or suspended
B)the police and military must then take over in order to preserve social stability
C)people will reach out to social institutions such as the family and religion in order to regain a sense of stability
D)suicide rates drop dramatically

Question 12

In summary of the social strain theories put forward by Merton,Cohen,Cloward and Ohlin,and Agnew,deviance and delinquency are viewed primarily as a result of __________.

A)the social structure in which they occur
B)parental neglect
C)lack of religious training
D)inadequate educational experiences

Question 13

Which of Merton's identifiable behavior patterns encompasses most members of our society?

A)conformity
B)innovation
C)ritualism
D)retreatism

Question 14

Sociologists,in explaining and interpreting human behavior,consistently have maintained that human behavior is intrinsically __________.

A)political
B)religious
C)social
D)economically motivated

Question 15

How many types of juvenile gangs were presented by Cloward and Ohlin?

A)three
B)four
C)five
D)six

Question 16

Thorsten Sellin,in explaining fluctuating crime rates in different parts of urban society,noted that values,customs,and standards of conduct were __________.

A)really not that important
B)not identifiable
C)not uniform throughout the population
D)uniform throughout the population

Question 17

Emile Durkheim developed the concept of __________ to characterize the condition of a society or group with a high degree of confusion and contradiction in its basic social norms.

A)suicide
B)alienation
C)strain
D)anomie

Question 18

Who pointed out that most delinquency is nonutilitarian,malicious and negativistic?

A)Cloward
B)Ohlin
C)Merton
D)Cohen

Question 19

Which of the following involves a rigid adherence to the culturally approved methods for getting ahead and making progress?

A)ritualism
B)retreatism
C)rebellion
D)centralism

Question 20

Thorsten Sellin is identified as a __________.

A)religious leader
B)political scientist
C)historian
D)criminologist

Question 21

Sociology is a comparatively young academic discipline.

Question 22

Shaw and McKay concluded that delinquency rates reflected __________.

A)a lack of parental concern
B)a lack of government commitment to social improvements
C)the kinds of neighborhoods in which children were raised
D)inadequate educational opportunities

Question 23

Suicide is the only form of deviant behavior.

Question 24

The study of the cause of an event is an uncommon inquiry.

Question 25

Shaw and McKay found that juvenile delinquents are not distributed uniformly over the city of Chicago,but tend to be concentrated __________.

A)in areas adjacent to the central business district and to heavy industrial areas
B)in the rural outreaches of the city
C)in the suburbs
D)in jail

Question 26

Who identified several decades ago "trouble,toughness,smartness,excitement,fate,and autonomy" as highly regarded,lower class,cultural values?

A)Walter Miller
B)Stan Wallace
C)Isaac Towson
D)Mary Wilson

Question 27

Sociologists are not unanimous in pinpointing the exact causes of delinquency.

Question 28

For an individual to be deviant or delinquent,he or need not be involved with people.

Question 29

Perhaps the greatest contribution of the strain theories has been in its application to gang delinquency.

Question 30

The research findings regarding strain theories and U.S.boys and girls showed remarkable similarities to the strain theory findings on __________ boys and girls.

A)Japanese
B)Korean
C)Cambodian
D)Chinese

Question 31

A theory is a general statement that accurately relates cause and effect variables together so as to explain events or behavior.

Question 32

The strain theories of delinquency have not contributed to an understanding of the relationship between the status frustration experienced by lower class youths and poor performance in school.

Question 33

Conformity encompasses most members of our society.

Question 34

New York was the setting of most of the early Cultural Transmission theories.

Question 35

Which of the following is associated with concentric zone theory?

A)William Bennett
B)Roland Chilton
C)Charles Murray
D)Earnest Burgess