Deck 11: Juvenile Gangs and Delinquency

Question 1

Gang activity,in terms of the size of gang membership and occurrence of gang violence,remains mainly concentrated in __________.

A)smaller cities
B)larger cities
C)urban cities
D)rural cities

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Sarnecki (1983)suggested that committing crimes together satisfies juveniles' needs for __________.

A)parental affection
B)societal approval
C)peer group approval
D)togetherness and excitement

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Sato suggests that the misconduct by mischievous,daring,and thrill-seeking youths was __________.

A)overly blamed on middle class youths
B)highly emphasized in research on gang behavior
C)an understudied characteristic of gang behavior
D)explained best by the Strain theory

Answer 3

C

Question 4

James Coleman's concept of "social capital" is especially relevant in explaining why some youth __________.

A)seem favorably or unfavorably inclined toward gang membership
B)select a gang "target"
C)from high income families commit heinous crimes
D)decline to accept religion as a social guide

Question 5

Przemieniecki found that gang films __________.

A)did influence youths to emulate behavior shown in films
B)did influence youths to end their criminal behaviors
C)did not create a negative stereotype of gang violence
D)had absolutely no impact on youths

Question 6

James Inciardi documented the presence of youth gangs engaged in criminal activity in American cities during the __________.

A)seventeenth century
B)eighteenth century
C)nineteenth century
D)twentieth century

Question 7

Peer bonding fosters the social learning of crime because __________.

A)delinquent friends are more likely to reinforce crime
B)delinquent friends are more likely to model crime
C)delinquent friends are more likely to teach beliefs favorable to crime
D)all of the above

Question 8

A dyad is a social group composed of just __________.

A)two people
B)two or more people
C)three people
D)four people

Question 9

Gangs would identify their "turf" as a __________.

A)geographical area they intend to dominate
B)the way they see the women in their lives
C)any areas where they commit crimes
D)none of the above

Question 10

All of the items below are criteria for classifying a group as a gang EXCEPT for __________.

A)one to two members usually 25-30
B)members who share an identity with a name,colors or other symbols
C)members view themselves as a gang
D)a group involved in an elevated level of criminal activity

Question 11

The term "Hooligan" was derived from the Hooligan gang which engaged in pitched battles with other youth gangs in __________.

A)Boston
B)Dublin
C)Philadelphia
D)London

Question 12

Some gangs who are not violent exist simply for the purpose of __________.

A)providing drugs to its members
B)providing companionship
C)providing an outlet for frustration and anger
D)helping youths learn sports

Question 13

The solitary delinquent __________.

A)makes close affiliations with groups
B)is never a social isolate
C)would probably prefer to play with others than read
D)would probably not be a member of a clique

Question 14

Since the 1990's,Latin American countries have experienced an unprecedented __________.

A)decrease in violence
B)increase in property crime
C)increase in violent crime
D)decrease in street crimes

Question 15

Erickson and Jensen's survey of 1,700 high school students suggests __________.

A)high school students were no more likely to commit crimes than college students
B)youths generally engaged in delinquent behavior when they were with their friends
C)they are already sexually active
D)they were less likely to be truthful due to the nature of the topic

Question 16

Research on gang-related articles found in three magazines,suggests that __________.

A)articles promoted misperceptions about youth gangs
B)those magazines emphasized that minorities were devoted to lives of violence
C)both A and B
D)the juvenile delinquency problem is over exaggerated

Question 17

Which country did Thrasher concentrate on in 1936 when he studied gangs?

A)Russia
B)Spain
C)Canada
D)Mexico

Question 18

How many boys who come before juvenile court have,for one reason or another,committed their delinquencies alone?

A)about 5%
B)about 10%
C)about 1/3
D)about 1/2

Question 19

According to James Short,which of the following is not a characteristic of a gang?

A)recurrent congregation outside the house
B)continuity of affiliation
C)a versatile activity repertoire
D)none of the above

Question 20

According to Inciardi,the earliest gangs in American cities consisted almost entirely of __________.

A)Poles
B)Scandinavians
C)Irishmen
D)Germans

Question 21

The National Youth Gang Survey indicated that approximately 51% of suburban areas reported having gang problems.

Question 22

There is no evidence that gangs serve a role as a substitute for a family for its members.

Question 23

The Straight Edgers enforced their abstinent lifestyles by committing crimes in school yards,at punk rock concerts and in shopping mall parking lots.

Question 24

Thrasher's conclusion was that all gangs were organized in the same way.

Question 25

James Coleman's insightful concept of "social capital" is especially relevant in explaining why some youth seem favorably or unfavorably inclined toward gang membershi

Question 26

In its broadest sense,the term gang means a group of persons assembled and acting or working together.

Question 27

A longstanding practice among many lower-class gangs has been to __________.

A)claim specific territories to rule
B)have new members perform initiation rituals
C)physically beat new members to welcome them to the gang
D)Both b and c

Question 28

Graffiti has been known as __________.

A)a symbol of gang subculture
B)the newspaper of the streets
C)a way to communicate messages to rival gangs
D)all of the above

Question 29

Irwin and Cressey found that gangs operated inside and outside prisons.

Question 30

Anna Campbell estimated that approximately 20 percent of the growing gang population in New York city were females.

Question 31

Research on middle class deviant subjects shows that they tend to continue their deviant behavior later in life.