Deck 13: Juvenile Courts

Question 1

In juvenile courts,a sentence has been replaced with __________.

A)desperation
B)deposition
C)amonition
D)disposition

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Most youths who appeared before the Canadian juvenile courts were __________.

A)sentenced to city jails
B)sentenced to county jails
C)found innocent
D)placed on supervised probation

Answer 2

D

Question 3

When juveniles are sent to adult criminal courts for a trial due to serious violent crimes,this is also called a(n)__________.

A)tragedy of the judicial system
B)waiver
C)petition
D)adjudication

Answer 3

B

Question 4

In 1920,the U.S.Children's Bureau recommended the following for juveniles EXCEPT __________.

A)informal procedures
B)separate detention
C)same hearings as adults
D)provision for mental and physical examinations

Question 5

In 1954,in the Holmes case,the U.S.Supreme Court ruled that __________.

A)constitutional rights guaranteed to persons accused of crimes applied to juveniles
B)constitutional rights guaranteed to persons accused of crimes did not apply to juveniles
C)no case involving a juvenile could be appealed to the U.S.Supreme Court
D)juveniles could not be classified as criminals

Question 6

Procedures designed to safeguard the rights of persons accused of crimes are referred to as __________.

A)equal protection
B)due process of law
C)human rights
D)unbiased law

Question 7

Which state legislature passed the Juvenile Court Act,creating the first statewide court especially for children?

A)New York
B)New Hampshire
C)Texas
D)Illinois

Question 8

According to statistics,the number of juvenile cases that were sent to adult courts peaked in __________.

A)2002
B)1986
C)1994
D)2000

Question 9

Media policy adopted by most states for juveniles includes __________.

A)confidentiality for the records but court proceedings are open to the media
B)confidentiality of records,identity,and court proceedings
C)confidentiality even if the juvenile is tried as an adult
D)a variety of policies that varies state by state

Question 10

It is one of the greatest paradoxes that American children and youths were denied many of their constitutional rights in the juvenile justice system until the late __________.

A)1920s
B)1930s
C)1940s
D)1960s

Question 11

What gave the King the right to care for the children of the state if their parents would not or could not do so?

A)stare decisis
B)amicus curiae
C)parens patriae
D)a writ of certiorari

Question 12

Which amendment ensures that no state will be allowed to deprive any citizen of the right to life,liberty,or property without due process of law?

A)First
B)Third
C)Eleventh
D)Fourteenth

Question 13

Which amendment prohibits unwarranted and unreasonable searches?

A)the Fourth Amendment
B)the Fifth Amendment
C)the Sixth Amendment
D)the Tenth Amendment

Question 14

Which Chief Justice of the U.S.Supreme Court handed down the Gault decision?

A)Earl Warren
B)Warren Burger
C)William Rehnquist
D)Thurgood Marshall

Question 15

Adults can be charged with a criminal complaint,but in a juvenile court it's called a(n)__________.

A)crime
B)petition
C)violation
D)offense

Question 16

Which model was used by the Child Savers?

A)the medical model
B)the social model
C)the political model
D)the educational model

Question 17

The most significant impact of the Gault decision is the recognition by the U.S.Supreme Court that __________.

A)juveniles need guidance
B)juveniles can be reformed
C)juveniles needed constitutional rights afforded to adults
D)juveniles can never be reformed

Question 18

Mens rea means __________.

A)"evil intent" or "guilty mind"
B)the act which constitutes a crime
C)freedom to act
D)police in Latin

Question 19

The Child Savers had their greatest impact in __________.

A)changing the reformatory system
B)securing federal legislation
C)bringing religion into schools
D)the educational process

Question 20

Changes in juvenile courts have resulted in juvenile hearings today resembling __________.

A)formal hearings similar to criminal proceedings
B)informal conferences rather than formal trials
C)attorneys involved in juvenile proceedings
D)both a and c

Question 21

The Miranda rights of juveniles can be waived by their parents.

Question 22

The most likely juvenile court referral would be __________.

A)a law enforcement official
B)the parents
C)a school official
D)a probation officer

Question 23

The media rarely provides a glimpse inside juvenile courts in television or movie programs.

Question 24

The Kent case was appealed because he was unlawfully detained and interrogated and was deprived of counsel and his parents were not notified.

Question 25

Estimates vary,but roughly what percent of all juvenile cases are simply dismissed?

A)10 percent
B)25 percent
C)50 percent
D)80 percent

Question 26

Reverse certification hearing must be held to declare the youth as an adult.

Question 27

In conclusion,the juvenile courts today should __________.

A)separate youthful offenders from adult criminals
B)reduce due process for juveniles
C)remove basic legal principles in juvenile cases
D)go back to the Child Savers ideas of the medical model

Question 28

Barry Feld points out that juvenile courts have too much discretion,a fact that may lead to age,race,and gender bias in court decisions.

Question 29

Justice Fortas said that the child receives the best of both worlds from the juvenile court system.

Question 30

Research conducted by the MacArthur Foundation indicates that juveniles do understand the complexities of the adult criminal court system.

Question 31

Approximately three-fourths of the states do not provide jury trials for juveniles.

Question 32

There are several factors that influence the outcome of the dispositional phase of juvenile hearings and the judge has a lot of influence.

Question 33

Criticisms of the juvenile courts include the following EXCEPT __________.

A)they are "too easy"
B)the jurisdiction is too narrow
C)they are "too hard"
D)they lack due process

Question 34

The research shows that defense attorneys always produce positive results for the youth they defend.

Question 35

In which case did the U.S.Supreme Court hold that proof beyond a reasonable doubt was necessary in a juvenile court hearing where a crime had been committed?

A)In re Winship
B)Smith v.Thomas
C)Riley v.Kansas
D)Cox v.Conrad