Deck 12: Juveniles and the Police

Question 1

Research suggests which two important variables that determine police discretion in handling juveniles?

A)age and race
B)social class and age
C)seriousness of the offense and prior police contacts
D)parental involvement and race

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Krisberg and Austin (1978)identified how many options in deciding their course of action with juveniles?

A)about 10 options
B)only 8 options
C)five basic options
D)only two options

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Meyers found that police took juveniles into custody about what percentage of the time?

A)13%
B)26%
C)31%
D)8%

Answer 3

A

Question 4

How many major schools of thought are there about the manner of handling youths by the police?

A)two
B)three
C)four
D)five

Question 5

Officers often assume a loco parentis,or parental role toward juveniles,when acting in the __________.

A)religious role
B)relative role
C)school teacher role
D)crime prevention role

Question 6

The new image of the police that emphasized the "crime fighting" aspect of police work and focused on their role as law enforcement officers began __________.

A)by 1800
B)by 1840
C)by the end of the Civil War
D)by the early 1900s

Question 7

The textbook discusses how the public thinks that every crime receives a full-blown investigation with teams of forensic experts with high tech computers to help solve crimes,identify criminals and prosecute them to the fullest extent of the law.This is known as __________.

A)the Law and Order syndrome
B)the CSI effect
C)the Dragnet effect
D)an unrealistic view of law enforcement today

Question 8

Great Britain has experienced an increase in juvenile crime rates of approximately __________.

A)30%
B)25%
C)45%
D)50%

Question 9

Which process determines who does or does not become officially recognized as a juvenile delinquent?

A)the social process
B)the focus process
C)the label process
D)the filtering process

Question 10

The average U.S.citizen has few personal encounters with police officers,therefore __________.

A)attitudes toward the police mainly come from friends
B)attitudes toward the police mainly come from family
C)attitudes toward the police mainly come from the media
D)all of the above

Question 11

Using statistics on juvenile offenders taken into custody,we found that the majority were __________.

A)referred to criminal or adult court
B)referred to juvenile court jurisdiction )
C)handled within the department and released
D)referred to welfare agency

Question 12

When do juveniles' attitudes toward the police tend to change?

A)when they see the police
B)when they meet the police
C)when they enter their mid-teens
D)when they become twenty-one years of age

Question 13

Broken windows policing occurs when police focus on __________.

A)removing shopping carts left behind in the community
B)reducing teens hanging out on street corners
C)implementing policies to reduce and prevent vandalism
D)both b and c

Question 14

Which role requires that police should concentrate on arresting juveniles who violate criminal laws?

A)social service role
B)law enforcement role
C)crime preventive role
D)community policing role

Question 15

Research on sex as an important variable in police discretion,shows that __________.

A)females are treated more leniently by police today
B)females who violate traditional gender roles are treated more harshly by police
C)males are more likely to be taken to the station for official processing than girls
D)a group of girls on the street always catch an officer's attention as a suspicious activity

Question 16

The vast majority of British police officers interviewed by one of the authors,believe that all but the "most serious" juvenile offenders will eventually __________.

A)publicly admit their crime
B)seek professional psychological help
C)"grow out" of delinquency
D)make restitution to those who have been hurt by them.

Question 17

Crime prevention requires expanded training in all of the following EXCEPT for __________.

A)reducing communication skills
B)conflict resolution and negotiation skills
C)problem-solving techniques
D)understanding childhood and adolescent development

Question 18

Juveniles continue to see the streets as __________.

A)unsafe
B)useless for anything of value
C)something to avoid
D)an important part of their social domain

Question 19

A "rap sheet" is __________.

A)illegal
B)an official record
C)an unofficial record
D)an absent record

Question 20

Encounters can be confrontational,therefore juveniles have __________.

A)mistrust of police officers
B)bad feelings about police officers
C)downright hostility and can be violent against police
D)all of the above

Question 21

African American and Latino youths' perceptions of police and the criminal justice system is __________.

A)about the same as their white counterparts
B)more negative than Asian juveniles
C)more negative than their white counterparts
D)exaggerated since there is no evidence of racial profiling

Question 22

The case of West v.United States (1968)extended the rights of juveniles by including the "totality of circumstances" before a juvenile could waive their rights.

Question 23

Police officers deny that a youth's hairstyles,dress,language or offensive demeanor has any impact on interaction during routine encounters.

Question 24

The National Advisory Commission rights for juveniles include the following EXCEPT __________.

A)warn juveniles of their right to counsel
B)police should not notify the parents
C)any statements can be made with either parents or counsel
D)juveniles should not be fingerprinted or photographed

Question 25

It is important to understand that juveniles can only be detained,not arrested,in most states.

Question 26

Neatly dressed,cooperative and well-mannered youths are more likely to be released and given an informal warning by police officers.

Question 27

Television police shows and movies tend to focus on law enforcement officials as crooked,dishonest,and lazy.

Question 28

To Mirandize a suspect implies __________.

A)jailing a defendant
B)punishing a defendant
C)advising a suspect of his or her rights
D)plea bargaining with a defendant

Question 29

The definition of racial profiling is when an officer uses race or ethnicity as the sole criteria for initiating police contact.

Question 30

If complainants recommend that police handle a situation informally,police almost always deny that request.

Question 31

A 1990 study by the United States Department of Justice showed that only 50% of large police departments had special units for policing juveniles.

Question 32

In the majority of cases leading to the arrest of a juvenile,a police officer witnesses the commission of the delinquent act.

Question 33

According to the research on the impact of discretion and characteristics of a police officer,__________.

A)the longer their experience handling juveniles,the more lenient they are with them
B)officers relate best to other people who have similar social and cultural backgrounds to them
C)some officers have an ability to either de-escalate or escalate a situation by their voice or demeanor
D)both b and c

Question 34

Which group teaches their children to practice their own form of racial profiling when dealing with police officers?

A)African American parents
B)Hispanic parents
C)White parents
D)Asian parents

Question 35

Some adolescents resent the police merely because they are conforming to peer pressure to "not like cops."