Deck 7: Early Adulthood

Question 1

Adults who are in their 20s and 30s are at higher risk of dying from

A)alcoholism.
B)automobile accidents.
C)drug abuse.
D)AIDS, cancer, heart disease, and suicide.

Answer 1

automobile accidents.

Question 2

______________ people in Canada are physically or mentally challenged, according to the official definition of disability.

A)500 000
B)1 million
C)3 million
D)5 million

Answer 2

3 million

Question 3

Molly is a 27-year-old female who looks years older than her actual age.She lives a high-risk lifestyle that includes regular use of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs, and she has never exercised regularly.Molly's behavioural choices have likely brought about

A)illness and disease.
B)secondary aging.
C)mental illness.
D)early death.

Answer 3

secondary aging.

Question 4

Which of the following groups of people have significantly shorter life expectancies?

A)Francophone Canadians
B)first generation immigrants to Canada
C)single mothers
D)Aboriginal Canadians

Question 5

In recent years, obesity in Canada has __________.

A)increased
B)decreased
C)remained constant
D)increased in western provinces, but decreased in eastern Canada

Question 6

Many people who have normal weight for their height during adolescence put on weight as they age because

A)as they become more successful they can afford to eat more expensive and fattening food.
B)they never learn to adjust/reduce their caloric intake as they age.
C)they have no access to good nutritional information.
D)they do not have an accurate body image of themselves as they gain weight.

Question 7

The term for a condition that substantially limits a major life activity such as walking or vision is a(n)

A)impediment.
B)birth defect.
C)disability.
D)setback.

Question 8

Simon's doctor tells him that his Body Mass Index (BMI) is 28.5.This means that Simon is

A)underweight.
B)a healthy weight for his height.
C)overweight.
D)obese.

Question 9

According to the Canadian Society of Exercise Physiology, people should participate in at least

A)1 hour of exercise at least 5 days a week.
B)30 minutes of vigorous activity at least 5 days a week.
C)30 minutes of moderate activity at least 5 days a week.
D)10 minutes of activity at least 5 days a week.

Question 10

Fewer than ____ of disabled people finish high school.Fewer than ____ of disabled men and ____ of disabled women are employed full time.

A)11%; 25%; 15%
B)25%; 75%; 60%
C)17%; 20%; 18%
D)37%; 45%; 39%

Question 11

Physical declines brought about by environmental factors of an individual's behavioural choices are called

A)risk factors.
B)maturity.
C)secondary aging.
D)primary aging.

Question 12

Regular exercise is related to which of the following?

A)improved social relationships
B)improved mental health and stress management
C)increased emotional stress
D)increased physical injuries

Question 13

The physical and emotional response to events that threaten or challenge us is called

A)fear.
B)fight or flight.
C)stress.
D)psychosis.

Question 14

Which body part continues to exhibit growth both in size and weight during early adulthood?

A)legs
B)chest and arms
C)feet
D)brain

Question 15

The term for a Body Mass Index (BMI) above 30 is called

A)gluttony.
B)obesity.
C)maturity.
D)disability.

Question 16

In general, a professional athlete's physical edge tends to decline when

A)the athlete reaches his/her 30s.
B)the athlete reaches his/her 40s.
C)the athlete reaches his/her late teens.
D)the athlete reaches his/her early 20s.

Question 17

Statistics suggest that disabled people are

A)well taken care of by the government.
B)well taken care of by their families.
C)undereducated and underemployed.
D)better off than nondisabled Canadians.

Question 18

Which of the following is an effect of regular exercise?

A)improved functioning of the immune system
B)increased anxiety
C)improved kidney function
D)improved cognitive function

Question 19

The natural physical decline brought about by aging is called
maturation.
puberty.
senescence.
adolescence.

Question 20

By age ____, illness and disease overtake accidents as the leading cause of death, and, statistically speaking, this is the first time this occurs since infancy.

A)25
B)35
C)45
D)55

Question 21

When people unconsciously try to prevent themselves from experiencing emotions, this is known as

A)passive-aggressive behaviour.
B)emotional insulation.
C)hardiness.
D)emotion-focused coping.

Question 22

The effort to control, reduce, or learn to tolerate the threats that lead to stress is called

A)stress management.
B)hardiness.
C)coping.
D)defensive coping.

Question 23

Which of the following experiences are most likely to produce excessive stress?

A)A scheduled mid-term exam
B)A new job with clearly defined high expectations
C)A month-long preparation for an important test
D)A serious illness in a loved one

Question 24

When a person attempts coping that involves unconscious strategies that distort or deny the true nature of a situation, this is called

A)emotion-focused coping.
B)hardiness.
C)defensive coping.
D)substitution.

Question 25

Which of the following is considered a psychosomatic disorder?

A)asthma
B)influenza
C)physical injuries
D)cancer

Question 26

The success with which young adults deal with stress depends on their general tendency to deal with stress in a particular way, called

A)hardiness.
B)social support.
C)coping style.
D)emotion-focused coping.

Question 27

When a person attempts to control stress by using conscious regulation of emotions, this is known as

A)coping.
B)emotion-focused coping.
C)defensive coping.
D)hardiness.

Question 28

Allison is having a great deal of difficulty in her statistics class.She goes to her teacher to discuss ways in which she can improve her skills, or even drop the class if necessary.Allison is demonstrating

A)coping.
B)emotion-focused coping.
C)defensive coping.
D)problem-focused coping.

Question 29

How well people handle stress is an interplay between

A)financial assets and family support system.
B)physical and psychological factors.
C)family support and ability to prioritize.
D)intellectual/cognitive abilities and management skills.

Question 30

Long-term stress, as opposed to short-term stress, affects humans in which of the following ways?

A)Long-term stress improves the body's ability to deal with stress.
B)Stress directly leads to psychological disorders.
C)Consistent production of stress-related hormones deteriorate the heart, blood vessels, and body tissues.
D)People become more resilient to diseases.

Question 31

Medical problems caused by the interaction of psychological, emotional, and physical difficulties are called

A)psychosomatic disorders.
B)psychological disorders.
C)neuropsychological conditions.
D)psychotic episodes.

Question 32

If a student assesses the situation to determine how much time it will take to adequately study for the upcoming exam, this is an example of

A)academic review.
B)secondary appraisal.
C)primary appraisal.
D)time management skills.

Question 33

If a student assesses the situation to determine how much time he/she has available to devote to studying for an upcoming exam, this is an example of

A)academic review.
B)secondary appraisal.
C)primary appraisal.
D)time-management skills.

Question 34

Psychoneuroimmunology suggests that when a stressful situation is encountered several biological reactions occur, including which of the following?

A)increase in digestive function
B)rise in heart rate and blood pressure
C)constriction of blood vessels
D)lightheadedness or unconscious episodes

Question 35

Jayne is having difficulty finding adequate, affordable daycare for her child while she is at work.Instead of focusing on the negative, she looks at the bright side and realizes that at least she has a good job in a tight economy.Jayne is utilizing

A)coping.
B)emotion-focused coping.
C)defensive coping.
D)problem-focused coping.

Question 36

According to researchers Arnold Lazarus and Susan Folkman, an individual's assessment of an event to determine whether its implications are positive, negative, or neutral is called

A)psychological review.
B)primary appraisal.
C)secondary appraisal.
D)psychological challenge.

Question 37

According to researchers Arnold Lazarus and Susan Folkman, an individual's assessment of whether one's coping abilities and resources are adequate to overcome the harm, threat, or challenge posed by the potential stressor is called

A)psychological review.
B)primary appraisal.
C)secondary appraisal.
D)psychological challenge.

Question 38

Assistance and comfort provided to a person dealing with a stressful situation is known as

A)counselling.
B)social support.
C)sounding off.
D)stress management.

Question 39

A personality characteristic associated with a lower rate of stress-related illness is known as

A)emotion-focused coping.
B)coping style.
C)hardiness.
D)social support.

Question 40

What is the name for the new field of study that researches the relationship among the brain, immune system, and psychological factors with regard to stress-related events?

A)psychosocial medicine
B)interpersonal relationship development
C)neuropsychology
D)psychoneuroimmunology

Question 41

Schaie believed that when young adults apply their intelligence to attain long-term goals and confront and resolve major issues, such as what job to take, whom to marry, etc., they are using an operation in the

A)responsible stage.
B)acquisitive stage.
C)reintegrative stage.
D)achieving stage.

Question 42

According to developmental psychologist K.Warner Schaie, the point that young adults reach, where intelligence is applied to specific situations involving the attainment of long-term goals regarding careers, family, and societal contributions is called

A)achieving stage.
B)acquisitive stage.
C)reintegrative stage.
D)responsible stage.

Question 43

According to Schaie, what is the mission of childhood and adolescence?

A)responsibility
B)acquisition
C)achievement
D)reintegration

Question 44

According to Schaie, the stage in which people in early adulthood through middle adulthood are mainly concerned with protecting and nourishing their families and careers is called

A)executive stage.
B)acquisitive stage.
C)responsible stage.
D)reintegrative stage.

Question 45

According to developmental psychologist K.Warner Schaie, the period in middle adulthood when people take a broader perspective than earlier, including concerns about the world, is called

A)executive stage.
B)acquisitive stage.
C)responsible stage.
D)reintegrative stage.

Question 46

According to psychologist Jan Sinnot, postformal thought also takes into account which of the following?

A)The perspectives of multiple people, rather than just one's own reasoning
B)A consideration of only concrete, real world solutions
C)Inductive, as well as deductive reasoning
D)the fact that just as there can be multiple causes of a situation, there can also be multiple solutions

Question 47

According to Schaie, what is the mission of young adulthood?

A)responsibility
B)acquisition
C)achievement
D)reintegration

Question 48

Aiko and her brother, Timo, react to stressful family situations entirely differently.Aiko is easily frustrated and tends to look at the negative side when things go wrong, while Timo has always been a person who enjoys challenges and feels capable of responding effectively no matter what the situation.Timo is demonstrating

A)hardiness.
B)coping style.
C)emotion-focused coping.
D)defensive coping.

Question 49

An interest in, and appreciation for, argument, counterargument, and debate is called

A)dialectical thinking.
B)moralistic thinking.
C)postformal thought.
D)logical thinking.

Question 50

Researcher Gisela Labouvie-Vief suggests that

A)the nature of thinking does not change much quantitatively or qualitatively during early adulthood.
B)the nature of thinking does change quantitatively during early adulthood.
C)the nature of thinking does change qualitatively during early adulthood, requiring specialization.
D)thinking based on Piaget's formal operations is sufficient to explain the demands and complexities that young adults face.

Question 51

Thinking that acknowledges that adult predicaments must sometimes be solved in relativistic terms is called

A)dialectical thought.
B)moralistic thinking.
C)postformal thought.
D)logical thinking.

Question 52

According to Schaie, what is the mission of the late stages of early adulthood through middle adulthood?

A)responsibility
B)acquisition
C)achievement
D)reintegration

Question 53

Researcher Gisela Labouvie-Vief promoted _________, in addition to Piaget's

A)formal operations; postformal thought.
B)postformal thought; formal operations.
C)postformal thought; postformal thought.
D)concrete operational thought; postformal thought.

Question 54

According to Schaie, what is the stage that many (but not all) people enter a bit later, when they are further into middle adulthood?

A)responsibility
B)executive
C)achievement
D)reintegration

Question 55

According to research by psychologist William Perry, students entering Harvard University tended to have a view of the world where they reasoned that something was good or bad, people were good or bad, and others were either for them or against them.He called this

A)postformal thought.
B)dualistic thinking.
C)dialectical thinking.
D)formal operational thought.

Question 56

According to Lebouvie-Vief, the complexity of society requires specialization of thought.Therefore, thought is not necessarily based on only logic, but also requires which of the following?

A)practical experience
B)intellectual superiority
C)emotional maturity
D)linguistic competence

Question 57

According to developmental psychologist K.Warner Schaie, the first stage of cognitive development, encompassing all of childhood and adolescence, in which the main developmental task is to acquire information, is called

A)achieving stage.
B)responsible stage.
C)acquisitive stage.
D)executive stage.

Question 58

Mitra is 21 years old.She has two jobs and is attending a local community college.Due to her hectic schedule, she is experiencing several stressors that are contributing to physical ailments.Mitra does not want to take medication for her stress, so the college therapist suggests that Mitra try to increase contact with her friends as a means of decreasing her stress.Turning to friends for assistance and comfort is referred to as

A)social support.
B)emotion-focused coping.
C)hardiness.
D)resiliency to stress.

Question 59

Information that is gathered before we grow up and is stored away for future use (e.g., education during childhood and adolescence) is an example of what developmental psychologist K.Warner Schaie calls

A)achieving stage.
B)acquisitive stage.
C)reintegrative stage.
D)responsible stage.

Question 60

What is the term for the ability to withstand, overcome, and actually thrive following profound adversity?

A)hardiness
B)coping style
C)resilience
D)defensive coping

Question 61

According to Sternberg, the relationship between intelligence, people's prior experience, and their ability to cope with new situations is called

A)contextual intelligence.
B)experiential intelligence.
C)practical intelligence.
D)componential intelligence.

Question 62

According to Schaie, old age marks a period in which people no longer focus on acquiring knowledge to solve potential problems, but rather focus on acquiring information directed toward issues of personal interest.He calls this stage

A)responsible stage.
B)executive stage.
C)reintegrative stage.
D)acquisitive stage.

Question 63

In Sternberg's theory of intelligence, the contextual aspect of intelligence deals with
how prior experiences are used in problem solving, which involves the ability to cope with new situations.
analysis of data to solve problems, using previously learned information.
how intelligence is used to face real-world demands (i.e., practical intelligence).
how emotional experiences affect our interpretation of the information around us, and how we choose to affect change (i.e., emotional intelligence).

Question 64

Evidence suggests that ______________ is the most useful measure for comparing and predicting adult success.

A)contextual intelligence
B)experiential intelligence
C)practical intelligence
D)componential intelligence

Question 65

According to the text, which of the following components of Sternberg's theory of intelligence has come to be called "practical intelligence"?

A)componential intelligence
B)experiential intelligence
C)contextual intelligence
D)emotional intelligence

Question 66

According to Schaie, what is the mission of people in late adulthood?

A)responsibility
B)executive
C)achievement
D)reintegration

Question 67

When it comes to predicting a person's business success as an adult, including rate of career advancement, research suggests traditional IQ tests are
highly reliable in predicting the success of business executives.
moderately reliable in predicting the success of business executives.
only marginally reliable in predicting the success of business executives.
totally unreliable predicting the success of business executives.

Question 68

When a person exhibits success facing everyday, real-world demands, such as those found in on-the-job professional demands, Sternberg's theory of intelligence would suggest that that person is demonstrating

A)contextual intelligence.
B)experiential intelligence.
C)practical intelligence.
D)componential intelligence.

Question 69

According to developmental psychologist K.Warner Schaie, the period of late adulthood during which the focus is on tasks that have personal meaning is called

A)responsible stage.
B)reintegrative stage.
C)executive stage.
D)achieving stage.

Question 70

What type of intelligence allows some people to acquire the ability to relate to others, understand what others are experiencing, and respond to needs of others?
intellectual intelligence
practical intelligence
virtual intelligence
emotional intelligence

Question 71

Psychologist Robert Sternberg proposed a theory that intelligence is made up of three major components: componential, experiential, and contextual, which he called the

A)stages of adult development theory.
B)formal operational thought theory.
C)postformal thought theory.
D)triarchic theory of intelligence.

Question 72

In Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, the componential aspect of intelligence deals with

A)how prior experiences are used in problem solving, which involves the ability to cope with new situations.
B)analysis of data to solve problems, using previously learned information.
C)how intelligence is used to face real-world demands (i.e., practical intelligence).
D)how emotional experiences affect our interpretation of the information around us, and how we choose to affect change (i.e., emotional intelligence).

Question 73

According to Robert Sternberg, the IQ score from traditional tests, such as those administered in a psychoeducational evaluation in schools, relates well to

A)emotional and interpersonal relationship success.
B)adult career success.
C)success in adult relationships.
D)academic success.

Question 74

In Sternberg's theory of intelligence, the experiential aspect of intelligence refers to

A)how prior experiences are used in problem solving and one's ability to cope with new situations.
B)analysis of data to solve problems, using previously learned information.
C)how intelligence is used to face real-world demands (i.e., practical intelligence).
D)how emotional experiences affect our interpretation of the information around us, and how we choose to affect change (i.e., emotional intelligence).

Question 75

According to Schaie, the stage in which people in middle adulthood may become involved in town government, service clubs, charitable groups, unions and organizations, where they have a larger purpose in society and can look beyond their individual/family situations is called
responsible stage.
reintegrative stage.
executive stage.
achieving stage.

Question 76

Skills that underlie the accurate assessment, evaluation, expression, and regulation of feeling are referred to as

A)emotional intelligence.
B)practical intelligence.
C)accurate intelligence.
D)virtual intelligence.

Question 77

Johnny has watched his twin brother climb up and down the stairs.When his brother reaches the top of the stairs, he immediately goes to his mother and she gives him a treat.Johnny is now attempting to climb stairs.According to Sternberg, this is an example of

A)emotional intelligence.
B)intellectual intelligence.
C)practical intelligence.
D)social intelligence.

Question 78

Using Schaie's stages of adult development, which of the following is an issue that a senior citizen is most likely to be focused on and interested in?

A)improvement in child education
B)legislation to balance the federal budget
C)improvements on health care benefits for seniors
D)legislation to enact stricter environmental regulations for protection of forests and wetlands

Question 79

When a person uses information he/she has been taught (e.g., chooses formulas and problem-solving strategies) to solve problems in a rational way, psychologist Robert Sternberg suggests that that person is demonstrating

A)contextual intelligence.
B)experiential intelligence.
C)practical intelligence.
D)componential intelligence.

Question 80

Traditional intelligence tests, such as those used in psychoeducational evaluations in schools, usually focus on which of Sternberg's aspects of intelligence?

A)contextual intelligence
B)experiential intelligence
C)practical intelligence
D)componential intelligence