Deck 6: Adolescence

Question 1

A primary sex characteristic in boys is
pubic, underarm, and facial hair.
deepened voices.
spermarche.
changes in the vocal cord and larynx.

Answer 1

spermarche.

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true of today's adolescents as compared to adolescents in the 19^th century?
Adolescent females are beginning menstruation earlier, around age 11 or 12.
Adolescent males are exhibiting signs of sexual maturity and puberty much earlier, but females exhibit signs of sexual maturity later.
Adolescents are exhibiting adult height much later.
Adolescents are exhibiting advanced levels of intellectual and emotional growth much earlier.

Answer 2

Adolescent females are beginning menstruation earlier, around age 11 or 12.

Question 3

The development of pubic hair in both males and females during adolescence is an example of
a primary sex characteristic.
a secondary sex characteristic.
maturation.
a secular trend.

Answer 3

a secondary sex characteristic.

Question 4

In boys, the penis and scrotum begin to grow at an accelerated rate around age ____, and reach adult size in
14; 2 years.
12; 3 or 4 years.
11; 2 years.
10; 4 to 5 years.

Question 5

When physical characteristics, such as early onset of menstruation or increased height and weight (due to better nutrition) change over the course of several generations, this is an example of a
generational cycle.
primary characteristic.
secular trend.
secondary characteristic.

Question 6

A pattern of change occurring over several generations is called

A)a primary characteristic.
B)a secular trend.
C)a secondary characteristic.
D)an intergenerational cycle.

Question 7

The _____ gland signals the body to increase production of growth hormones that interact with the sex hormones to cause the growth spurt and puberty.

A)thalamus
B)thyroid
C)pituitary
D)salivary

Question 8

One aspect of the transformation from childhood to adolescence involves a period of very rapid growth in height and weight called

A)obesity.
B)menopause.
C)growth spurt.
D)maturation.

Question 9

The characteristics associated with the development of the organs and structures of the body that directly relate to reproduction are called

A)secular trends.
B)menstruation.
C)secondary sex characteristics.
D)primary sex characteristics.

Question 10

The visible signs of sexual maturity that do not directly involve the sex organs are called

A)primary sex characteristics.
B)secondary sex characteristics.
C)maturation.
D)secular trend.

Question 11

Which of the following changes is likely to occur last in male sexual development?
pubic, underarm, and facial hair
enlargement of the prostate gland
spermarche
deepened voice due to changes in the vocal cord and larynx.

Question 12

Girls begin their growth spurt around age ____, while boys begin their growth spurt around age ____.

A)10; 12.
B)12; 10.
C)12; 14.
D)14; 12.

Question 13

Which gland in the body signals the brain and other glands in children's bodies to begin producing sex hormones?

A)testicles
B)ovaries
C)pituitary
D)hypothalamus

Question 14

According to research, which of the following is a factor linked to earlier onset of menarche in girls?

A)Living in a developing economy, or having low socioeconomic status
B)Athletic involvement and a low percentage of body fat
C)Exposure to chemicals such as BPA in plastics
D)Exposure to malnutrition and chronic disease.

Question 15

Which of the following stages immediately follows childhood?
adulthood
adolescence
puberty
young adulthood

Question 16

Male sex hormones are called __________, while female sex hormones are called

A)estrogens; androgens.
B)androgens; estrogens.
C)testosterone; estrogens.
D)estrogens; testosterones.

Question 17

Which of the following terms describes the period in which the sexual organs mature?

A)maturation
B)puberty
C)latency
D)growth spurt

Question 18

What is the most obvious sign of puberty in girls?
increase in height
onset of menarche
increase in weight
breast development

Question 19

What is the term for the onset of menstruation?

A)puberty
B)periods
C)maturation
D)menarche

Question 20

The surge in hormone production that triggers the beginning of adolescence may lead to rapid mood swings.Boys may have feelings of ________, while girls may feel ______

A)anger and depression; anger and annoyance.
B)anger and annoyance; anger and depression.
C)anger and annoyance; depression and withdrawal.
D)depression and withdrawal; anger and annoyance.

Question 21

Adolescent ________ tend to exercise less because ________.
males; cultural norms place less emphasis on males' physical appearances
females; lower levels of testosterone make females less prone to competitive sports
males; adolescent males largely abandon organized sports activities during the late adolescent years
females; cultural norms suggest that participation in organized sports is the realm of males

Question 22

Though early maturation is largely a plus for boys, there are downsides.Which of the following is a downside to early maturation in a boy?

A)The boy is more likely to have difficulties in school.
B)The boy is likely to have difficulties in athletic competition due to a lack of general coordination following rapid growth.
C)The boy is likely to be less popular.
D)The boy is likely to demonstrate early maturity in his nonverbal cognitive development.

Question 23

Early maturation in girls may result in which of the following?

A)Uncomfortable feelings and/or embarrassment of being different from peers
B)Significantly more reproductive health difficulties
C)Intellectual maturity beyond their peers
D)Less popularity, which may diminish their self-concepts

Question 24

What is the area of the brain that undergoes considerable development during the adolescent years?
myelination
cerebral cortex
corpus callosum
prefrontal cortex

Question 25

Which of the following is the most likely reason for adolescent impulsivity and risky behaviour(s)?
ADD/ADHD
developing myelination of nerve cells, which makes the transmission of neural messages more efficient
the adolescent prefrontal cortex is biologically immature
alterations of dopamine sensitivity

Question 26

Which of the following plays a big role in how girls experience early maturation?

A)How the mother and daughter get along and communicate
B)Cultural and community norms and standards regarding how women should look
C)How the father and daughter get along and communicate
D)How much attention the girl receives from boys

Question 27

During the teenage years, the average girl requires ________ calories a day, and the average boy requires ________.

A)1,200; 2,000.
B)2,200; 2,800.
C)2,000; 2,500.
D)1,500; 2,000.

Question 28

Stella is a 16-year-old adolescent female who privately eats large quantities of food and then purges it immediately afterward by self-induced vomiting and taking laxatives.Stella is suffering from
anorexia nervosa.
obesity.
bulimia.
malnutrition.

Question 29

Meredith is a 17-year-old adolescent female who weighs approximately 37 kg (82 pounds) and is gaunt and frail, with a skeletal appearance.Although she fears food and eating, she focuses on food by talking about food, collecting cookbooks, and cooking huge meals for others.Whenever she looks at herself in the mirror, her perception of her body is distorted in that she thinks she is disgustingly fat.Meredith is suffering from which of the following disorders?
anorexia nervosa
obesity
malnutrition
bulimia

Question 30

Which of the following is the term for a severe eating disorder in which individuals refuse to eat, while denying that their behaviour and appearance, which may become skeletal, are out of the ordinary?

A)bulimia
B)obesity
C)malnutrition
D)anorexia nervosa

Question 31

Of the following female adolescents, which is most likely to develop an eating disorder?
An adolescent who has passive or uninvolved parents
An adolescent who is unattractive, unintelligent or culturally marginalized
An adolescent who matured later than her peers
An adolescent who has been sexually abused

Question 32

What percentage of people diagnosed with anorexia nervosa will die from the disorder?
1-2%
5-10%
15-20%
25-30%

Question 33

The part of the brain that allows people to think, evaluate, and make complex judgments in a uniquely human way is called the
corpus callosum.
occipital lobe.
prefrontal cortex.
temporal lobe.

Question 34

Obese adolescents stand a(n) _____ chance of becoming obese adults.
100%
90%
80%
70%

Question 35

The most common nutritional concern during adolescence is
anorexia nervosa.
obesity.
bulimia.
malnutrition.

Question 36

What is the ratio of adolescents who can be classified as obese?
1 in 18
1 in 11
1 in 5
1 in 3

Question 37

Which of the following terms relates to an eating disorder characterized by binges on large quantities of food, followed by purges of the food through vomiting or the use of laxatives?

A)anorexia nervosa
B)obesity
C)malnutrition
D)bulimia

Question 38

Which of the following groups is the least likely to have difficulty adjusting to late maturation?
Grade 10 late-maturing girls
Late-maturing boys who are shorter and weigh less than their peers
Late-maturing boys who are shorter and weigh less than their peers but have qualities such as assertiveness, insightfulness, creativity
Grade 8 late-maturing girls

Question 39

Developmentalists suggest that along with early/late sexual maturity, which of the following may be most pertinent in determining an adolescent's behaviour?
IQ development
changes in peer groups and family dynamics
physical maturation
language skills development

Question 40

By drinking milk during their teenage years, girls can consume enough required _______ to avoid ________ later in their lives.
magnesium; osteoporosis
iron; stroke
calcium; osteoporosis
Vitamin D; rickets

Question 41

Mrs.Hlinka was concerned that her daughter was not getting adequate sleep and that, as a result, her daughter was failing classes and feeling depressed.Mrs.Hlinka attended a school meeting with other concerned parents about adolescent sleep requirements and learned that
adolescents are more mature and do not need as much sleep.
with increasing academic and social demands, adolescents are often getting far less sleep than they need.
adolescents are more mature than they were in previous years, and they should know how much sleep they need.
there is no correlation between sleep and academic performance.

Question 42

Which of the following STIs is caused by a parasite?

A)trichomoniasis
B)human papilloma virus (HPV)
C)chlamydia
D)gonorrhea

Question 43

Which of the following is a reason why adolescents begin smoking?
It is seen as an adolescent rite of passage, and adolescents observe their parents smoking.
Insufficient anti-smoking education and awareness campaigns.
Most smokers begin before the age of 14, which is before they are able to rationally evaluate the health risks involved.
Adolescents think that smoking cigarettes is safer than using illicit drugs.

Question 44

According to Health Canada, more than ________ Canadians are living with HIV, and _________ of those infected don't know it.

A)2500; one in five
B)30 000; two thirds
C)65 000; one quarter
D)125 000; half

Question 45

What percentage of students in grades 10-12 self-identify as smokers?
3%
13%
26%
39%

Question 46

How many hours of sleep do older adolescents require for optimal functioning?
9 hours per night; they need to go to bed later and to sleep later in the morning.
8 hours per night; they need to go to bed earlier and to get up earlier in the morning.
7 hours per night; they need to go to bed later and to sleep later in the morning.
6 hours per night; they need to go to bed earlier and to get up earlier in the morning.

Question 47

Overall, ________ Canadian post-secondary students report binge drinking.

A)1 in 3
B)1 in 4
C)1 in 6
D)1 in 10

Question 48

Smoking is more common among _______ and on the rise among _______.

A)males; females
B)males; males
C)females; males
D)females; females

Question 49

Drugs that produce a biological or psychological dependence in users, leading to increasingly powerful cravings for them, are known as
illegal drugs.
recreational drugs.
addictive drugs.
prescription drugs.

Question 50

What percentage of postsecondary students report having an alcoholic drink in the past 30 days?
25%
50%
75%
90%

Question 51

Which of the following STIs can be fatal?

A)AIDS and chlamydia
B)AIDS and genital herpes
C)AIDS and human papilloma virus
D)AIDS and gonorrhea

Question 52

Approximately how many cigarettes does an adolescent have to smoke to increase his/her chance of becoming an addicted and habitual smoker for life?

A)25 or about 1 pack
B)50 or about 2 packs
C)10 cigarettes
D)about a carton of cigarettes

Question 53

When a student notices conspicuous examples of drunkenness around campus, which causes him/her to assume that everybody is drinking heavily, and therefore, begins to engage in binge drinking, it is known as
alcoholism.
false consensus effect.
competition drinking.
addiction.

Question 54

There are estimated to be more than _____ active chemical ingredients in cigarette smoke.
30
300
3000
30000

Question 55

According to Health Canada, what is the percentage of 15- to 24-year-olds have used marijuana in the past year?
6%
18%
26%
46%

Question 56

A drug user with biological addiction _____________, while a user experiencing psychological addiction _____________.
feels cravings in the absence of the drug; needs the drug to feel physically well
uses the substance as an escape; feels cravings in the absence of the drug
needs the drug to feel physically well; needs the drug to cope with everyday stress
needs the drug to cope with everyday stress; uses the substance as an escape

Question 57

In a survey of Canadian universities, ___ percent of students reported harmful or hazardous patterns of drinking.

A)8
B)17
C)32
D)46

Question 58

A person with alcohol problems who has learned to depend on alcohol and is unable to control his/her drinking is a(n)

A)addict.
B)enabler.
C)dependent.
D)alcoholic.

Question 59

The prevalence of heavy drinking among 15- to 24-year-olds is __________ as among adults 25 and older.

A)the same
B)half as frequent
C)twice as high
D)three times as high

Question 60

Binge drinking is defined as

A)10 or more drinks in one sitting.
B)5 or more drinks in one sitting.
C)4 or more drinks in one sitting.
D)3 or more drinks in one sitting.

Question 61

Which of the following terms relates to the knowledge that people have about their own thinking processes, and their ability to monitor their cognition?

A)multi-tasking
B)memory
C)metacognition
D)formal operational thought

Question 62

Which of the following STIs were recorded by ancient historians?
AIDS
gonorrhea and syphilis
trichomoniasis
genital herpes

Question 63

While Piaget proposed that formal operational thought is not fully settled in until around 15 years of age, evidence suggests that some people never fully employ formal operational thinking.Studies show that only _________ of postsecondary students and adults achieve formal operational thinking, and other estimates run as low as _________.
40% to 60%; 25%
30% to 50%; 25%
25% to 50%; 10%
50% to 75%; 40%

Question 64

When an adolescent's newly sophisticated metacognitive capability enables him/her to construct elaborate scenarios about others' thoughts, this is known as
fantasy.
adolescent egocentrism.
schizophrenia.
formal operational thought disorder.

Question 65

Egocentrism leads to a distortion in thinking: the notion that one's experiences are unique.This may lead the adolescent to develop

A)mental illness.
B)an imaginary audience.
C)formal operation thought disorder.
D)personal fables.

Question 66

Piaget proposed that children reach the formal operational stage of development around age
8.
12.
10.
16.

Question 67

Brazilian adolescent boys who feel invulnerable, and, therefore, engage in risky behaviour such as riding the roofs of high-speed trains are exhibiting
formal operation thought disorder.
adolescent egocentrism.
personal fable.
imaginary audience.

Question 68

According to information processing explanations of cognitive development during adolescence, one of the most important reasons for advances in mental abilities is the growth of
myelination in the brain.
neural connectivity in the prefrontal cortex.
memory capacity.
metacognition.

Question 69

The state of self-absorption in which the world is viewed as focused on oneself is referred to as
formal operational thought disorder.
schizophrenia.
adolescent egocentrism.
fantasy.

Question 70

Adolescents who engage in risky behaviours such as not using condoms when engaging in sexual activity and driving recklessly when drunk are exhibiting
adolescent egocentrism.
imaginary audience.
formal operation thought disorder.
personal fable.

Question 71

According to Piaget, the stage at which people develop the ability to think abstractly is called the
concrete operational stage.
preoperational stage.
formal operational stage.
theory of mind.

Question 72

Sixteen-year-old Selena primps in front of every mirror she comes across, and believes that she is the focus of everyone's attention-even fictitious observers.Selena is demonstrating

A)adolescent egocentrism.
B)imaginary audience.
C)formal operation thought disorder.
D)personal fable.

Question 73

Fifteen-year-old Lawrence thought he had prepared for his final exams; however, when he got his scores he was disappointed.Rather than reviewing the areas of the test where he did not fare so well, Lawrence confronted his teacher with a verbal lashing and accused the teacher of being "out to get" him.Lawrence's behaviour could be considered an example of
self-centeredness.
a psychological disorder.
adolescent egocentrism.
formal operational thought disorder.

Question 74

Which of the following is a type of thinking that is evident in both early childhood and adolescence?

A)concrete operational thought
B)egocentrism
C)imaginary audience
D)personal fable

Question 75

The view held by some adolescents that what happens to them is unique, exceptional, and shared by no one else is called
imaginary audience.
personal fable.
adolescent egocentrism.
formal operation thought disorder.

Question 76

Which of the following is a term that relates to an adolescent's belief that his or her own behaviour is unique and a primary focus of others' attentions and concerns?

A)adolescent egocentrism
B)formal operational thought disorder
C)unique narrative
D)attentional spotlight

Question 77

The model of development that seeks to identify the way that individuals take in, use, and store information is called
concrete operational thought.
memory.
formal operational thought.
the information processing perspective.

Question 78

The perspective that sees changes in adolescents' cognitive abilities as evidence of gradual transformations in the capacity to take in, use, and store information is called

A)formal operational thought.
B)the information processing perspective.
C)memory.
D)concrete operational thought.

Question 79

According to Piaget, what do adolescents employ during the formal operational stage of development that helps them reason differently than children in the concrete development stage?

A)prefrontal cortex
B)additionally myelinated neurons
C)propositional thought
D)trial and error experience from previous years

Question 80

Educational performance among Canadian adolescents appears to have

A)increased, as universities are finding more and more qualified applicants each year.
B)decreased, as high school grade averages have dropped noticeably in the last decade.
C)remained constant, as instructors have become more lenient, awarding higher grades for the same performance, known as "grade inflation."
D)increased, as independent measures of high school curriculum shows that tests are harder than they used to be a decade ago.