Deck 8: Middle Adulthood

Question 1

In which of the following cultures do women face particularly strong societal pressures to retain a youthful appearance during middle adulthood?

A)Latino
B)Eastern
C)Asian
D)Western

Answer 1

Western

Question 2

Tomasina finds herself holding books and newspapers further from her eyes in order to read and bring material into focus.Her eye exam reveals she has

A)farsightedness.
B)visual acuity problems.
C)presbyopia.
D)mysbyopia.

Answer 2

presbyopia.

Question 3

At what age does the "settling" process begin with regard to height?

A)35
B)45
C)55
D)65

Answer 3

55

Question 4

At which age does visual acuity begin to decline?
40
45
50
55

Question 5

Which of the following makes it more difficult for people in middle adulthood to navigate a dark room?

A)decline in distance perception
B)loss of depth perception
C)loss of elasticity in the lens
D)decreased fluid in the eye

Question 6

Which of the following has become a stereotypical emblem of middle adulthood?

A)living will
B)impotence
C)reading glasses
D)cane

Question 7

A group of highly athletic people in their early 50s are meeting with a developmental specialist to discuss the changes of middle age.Self-image becomes the major topic of discussion, and the group asks the specialist to discuss self-image issues in middle adulthood.What could the specialist tell the group?

A)Middle-aged adults whose self-image is tied to their physical attributes may find the changes of middle adulthood particularly challenging as they face the signs of aging.
B)Self-image tends to strengthen for athletic adults as they age.
C)Physical appearance is less important to adults as they age, because they tend to appreciate the value of their increased wisdom and experience.
D)Adults who were not very athletic or physically attractive earlier in life tend to have a more difficult time accepting the physical changes of aging in middle age.

Question 8

By what age have most people lost, on average, 10% of their maximum strength?

A)55
B)60
C)65
D)70

Question 9

At what age level do most people become aware of the changes in their bodies related to the aging process?

A)early adulthood
B)middle adulthood
C)late adulthood
D)central adulthood

Question 10

John has been gaining weight during middle adulthood.He feels fine and exercises, but still gains weight.John's weight gain is attributed to

A)the amount of body fat that begins to grow with age.
B)hypertension.
C)the body not being able to rid itself of excess fat cells.
D)emotional issues.

Question 11

Men and women can reduce the risk of osteoporosis by having a diet high in calcium and

A)drinking no caffeine.
B)eating vegetables.
C)getting enough sleep.
D)getting regular exercise.

Question 12

George is experiencing back pain.His doctor tells him the bones attached to his spinal column have become less dense.The doctor is referring to the

A)aging process.
B)settling process.
C)physical decline process.
D)bone density decline.

Question 13

Changes in a person's height and weight during middle adulthood are accompanied by a decline in

A)strength.
B)endurance.
C)cognitive ability.
D)security.

Question 14

Sue's bones have become brittle, fragile, and thin.Her doctor tells her she has

A)osteoporosis.
B)presbyopia.
C)cancer.
D)arthritis.

Question 15

In which parts of the body would Sam likely lose strength during middle adulthood?

A)back and leg muscles
B)hamstrings
C)hands and arms
D)torso

Question 16

Which of the following plays a major factor in reducing and preventing weight gain during middle adulthood?

A)vitamins
B)fat-free diet
C)lifestyle changes
D)less caffeine

Question 17

Which of the following is a reason why physical appearance plays a significant role in how women see themselves?

A)workforce pressures
B)postsecondary education
C)family role modelling
D)societal pressures

Question 18

The loss of near vision in middle adulthood is referred to as

A)visual acuity.
B)presbycusis.
C)glaucoma.
D)presbyopia.

Question 19

By age 60, what percentage of strength is lost in most people?
5%
10%
15%
20%

Question 20

José is beginning to lose the ability to detect fine spatial detail in close and distant objects.Which of the following terms refers to his condition?

A)loss of visual acuity
B)presbyopia
C)glaucoma
D)presbycusis

Question 21

The loss of ability to hear high-pitched, high frequency sounds is known as

A)presbycusis.
B)hearing detention.
C)hearing manifestation.
D)diplopia.

Question 22

What percentage of people between the ages of 45 and 65 suffer from presbycusis?
10%
12%
14%
16%

Question 23

At about what age does menopause typically begin?
42
47
50
52

Question 24

Which of the following is a change in vision occurring during middle adulthood?

A)improved depth perception
B)decline in distance perception
C)decrease in presbyopia
D)improved near distance vision

Question 25

What percentage of women experience no significant symptoms of menopause?
10%
25%
50%
75%

Question 26

Which of the following is a problem facing men sexually during middle adulthood?

A)Erections can last too long and become painful.
B)Sexual endurance decreases.
C)The volume of fluid ejaculated declines.
D)Testosterone levels increase.

Question 27

Joan is 45 years old and her body temperature sometimes feels too hot.During these episodes, her skin looks red, she begins to sweat, and then she feels chills.Joan is experiencing

A)hot flashes.
B)perimenopause.
C)menopause.
D)climacteric.

Question 28

How do most researchers today view menopause?

A)It produces mood disorders.
B)It is regarded as a normal part of the aging cycle.
C)It is responsible for increased anxiety attacks.
D)It produces severe irritability.

Question 29

The cessation of menstruation is known as
climacteric.
"hot flashes."
progesterone.
menopause.

Question 30

Dr.Johnson is lecturing to a group of medical students.Her lecture focuses on the period beginning around 10 years prior to menopause when hormone production begins to change.She is discussing

A)premenopause.
B)hormone reduction.
C)climacteric.
D)perimenopause.

Question 31

Which of the following is a common symptom of menopause?

A)muscle cramping
B)dry mouth
C)fainting
D)aching joints

Question 32

Which of the following is a reason why menopause is important?

A)Menopause marks the point at which traditional pregnancy is not possible.
B)Sexuality declines at a rapid rate.
C)The production of estrogen begins to increase.
D)The production of progesterone increases, producing a variety of hormone-related age changes.

Question 33

Franco has difficulty hearing but also a problem identifying the direction and origin of a sound.Franco is experiencing difficulty with

A)presbycusis.
B)hearing loss.
C)sound frontation.
D)sound localization.

Question 34

What percentage of women experience severe distress during menopause?
10%
15%
20%
25%

Question 35

Which of the following is a reason why middle-aged adults are involved in fewer automobile accidents than younger people?

A)Middle-aged adults reaction times are faster as they become experts at driving.
B)Middle-aged adults have more practice driving.
C)The slowing of reaction time helps middle-aged adults avoid accidents.
D)Middle adults are more aware of the risks of dangerous driving.

Question 36

At what age do most men begin experiencing hearing loss?

A)40
B)45
C)50
D)55

Question 37

Glaucoma affects ___ of people over 40.
1-2%
3-5%
7%
9%

Question 38

At what age do women enter a period known as the climacteric?
35
40
45
50

Question 39

Emanuel is told the pressure in his eyes has increased and cannot drain properly.Emanuel has

A)glaucoma.
B)myopia.
C)presbyopia.
D)presbycusis.

Question 40

Which of the following is one of the most frequent causes of eye problems that can result in blindness in middle adulthood?

A)presbyopia
B)glaucoma
C)myopia
D)presbycusis

Question 41

At what age do men typically experience climacteric?

A)45
B)50
C)60
D)70

Question 42

Along with genetic characteristics, which of the following is a leading contributor to heart and circulatory disease?

A)acute physical injury
B)intellectual disability
C)lack of exercise
D)sexually transmitted infections

Question 43

Since chronic illnesses begin to appear during middle adulthood, the death rate during this period

A)is stable.
B)is about the same.
C)decreases.
D)increases.

Question 44

The "silent killer" refers to

A)alcoholism.
B)drug addiction.
C)strokes.
D)hypertension.

Question 45

Certain chronic illnesses begin to appear during middle adulthood.Which of the following would be the most frequent chronic illness occurring during this time?

A)osteoporosis
B)hypertension
C)impotence
D)Alzheimer's disease

Question 46

Peter is 51 years old and has been experiencing symptoms of male climacteric.His physician does a complete physical examination and it is discovered he has a typically low level of testosterone.For Peter, his physician may recommend

A)rest and reduced stress levels.
B)exercise and diet.
C)Cialis or Levitra.
D)testosterone replacement therapy.

Question 47

Research indicates that stress can produce indirect health-related behaviours such as

A)increased and habitual risk-taking.
B)elevated immune function.
C)delays in seeking medical care.
D)increased compliance with medical advice.

Question 48

For men, the period of physical and psychological change in the reproductive system is referred to as

A)male climacteric.
B)testosterone lowering.
C)male menopause.
D)impotence.

Question 49

Which country has the lowest rate of heart and coronary disease?

A)Argentina
B)Poland
C)Canada
D)Japan

Question 50

Which disorder tends to appear during middle adulthood?

A)hypertension
B)asthma
C)urinary problems
D)allergies

Question 51

Which of the following is a major consequence that stress produces?

A)increased compliance with medical advice
B)gravitation toward harmful behaviours, such as smoking or drinking
C)increased immune system response
D)increased sleep

Question 52

A physical change that occurs frequently in men during climacteric is

A)heart problems.
B)pulmonary difficulties.
C)enlargement of the prostate gland.
D)hypertension.

Question 53

Research indicates that stress can produce direct physiological effects such as

A)lowered blood pressure.
B)psychological disorders.
C)decreased hormonal activity.
D)decrease in immune system functioning.

Question 54

When a person carries out multiple activities simultaneously, this is called

A)Type B behaviour pattern.
B)psychological imbalance.
C)Type A behaviour pattern.
D)polyphasic activities.

Question 55

Which of the following are experts in studying the relationships among the brain, the immune system, and psychological factors?

A)psychologists
B)medical practitioners
C)pharmacologists
D)psychoneuroimmunologists

Question 56

Research indicates that stress can produce harmful behaviours such as

A)increased use of nicotine, alcohol, and other drugs.
B)increased addictive behaviour including sex, gambling, and shopping.
C)improved nutrition.
D)increased sleep.

Question 57

Behaviour characterized by noncompetitiveness, patience, and a lack of aggression is called

A)Type B behaviour pattern.
B)psychological imbalance.
C)Type A behaviour pattern.
D)polyphasic activities.

Question 58

Along with national and global issues, surveys indicate most adults in middle adulthood worry about

A)health.
B)social integration.
C)financial concerns.
D)spiritual well-being.

Question 59

Which one of the following sexual problems occurs as men age?

A)decrease in semen
B)erectile dysfunction
C)arousal disorder
D)hypoactive sexual dysfunction

Question 60

Behaviour that is categorized by competitiveness, impatience, and a tendency toward frustration and hostility is called

A)Type B behaviour pattern.
B)psychological imbalance.
C)Type A behaviour pattern.
D)polyphasic activities.

Question 61

According to developmental psychologist K.Warner Schaie, verbal ability rises until about the start of the _______ and stays fairly steady throughout life.

A)30s
B)40s
C)50s
D)60s

Question 62

Marion is 40 years old, and has a family history of breast cancer.According to the most recent medical recommendations she should start having mammograms

A)every year.
B)every other year.
C)every 5 years.
D)after age 50.

Question 63

Intelligence that represents the accumulation of information, skills, and strategies that people have learned through experience and that they can apply in problem-solving situations is called

A)crystallized intelligence.
B)verbal intelligence.
C)fluid intelligence.
D)perceptual intelligence.

Question 64

Alice is a 52-year-old typist working in the same law firm as 28-year-old Juliet.Both are considered excellent at their job, even though Alice is older and has some delay in her reaction time.What is it that permits Alice to perform her job the same as Juliet?

A)Alice is given less arduous work to complete, while Juliet receives more challenging assignments.
B)Juliet lacks experience and understanding of the complex material.
C)Alice has developed selective optimization whereby she can look further into the material to compensate for her typing time.
D)Alice has greater verbal skills development than Juliet.

Question 65

The process by which people concentrate on particular skill areas to compensate for losses in other areas is called

A)expertise.
B)sensory memory.
C)long-term memory.
D)selective optimization.

Question 66

When Walter devotes attention and practice to completing tax returns, and develops the skill of knowing how to solve problems he encounters, he is demonstrating

A)expertise.
B)sensory memory.
C)long-term memory.
D)selective optimization.

Question 67

What is a likely explanation for the results from cross-sectional studies showing that older people are less likely to score as well as younger subjects on traditional intelligence tests?

A)improper administration of testing
B)cohort effects
C)testing bias
D)improper test design

Question 68

According to developmental psychologist K.Warner Schaie, numeric ability tends to increase until the

A)mid-50s, is lower at age 60, and then stays steady.
B)mid-40s, is lower at age 60, and then stays steady.
C)mid-30s, is lower at age 60, and then stays steady.
D)mid-20s, is lower at age 60, and then stays steady.

Question 69

In attempting to identify trends in intelligence during mid-adulthood, researchers must acknowledge that
due to cohort effects, longitudinal designs may overestimate intelligence.
due to attrition effects, cross-sectional designs may overestimate intelligence.
due to practice effects, longitudinal designs may underestimate intelligence.
due to cohort effects, cross-sectional designs may underestimate intelligence.

Question 70

Which of the following is a critical factor in cancer recovery?

A)proper diet
B)remaining active
C)controlling chronic stress
D)early detection

Question 71

What is the most recent medical recommendation regarding routine mammograms?

A)Women in their 40s should not routinely have mammograms, and women between the ages of 50 and 69 should have mammograms every two years.
B)Mammograms should be based on symptoms in consultation with a physician.
C)Women between the ages of 50 and 69 should have mammograms annually.
D)Women should have mammograms every two years beginning at age 30.

Question 72

The acquisition of skill or knowledge in a particular area is called

A)expertise.
B)sensory memory.
C)long-term memory.
D)selective optimization.

Question 73

What is the leading cause of death among Canadian men and women?

A)heart and circulatory disease
B)motor vehicle accidents
C)homicide
D)cancer

Question 74

Intelligence that reflects information processing capabilities, reasoning, and memory is called

A)crystallized intelligence.
B)verbal intelligence.
C)fluid intelligence.
D)perceptual intelligence.

Question 75

Which of the following is common treatment for cancer?

A)radiation therapy
B)exercise
C)holistic therapy
D)dietary changes

Question 76

When developmentalists looked at the two kinds of intelligence, fluid and crystallized, to determine if intelligence continues to grow, slow, or decline with age, they determined that

A)fluid intelligence does decline; however, crystallized intelligence holds steady and can improve.
B)crystallized intelligence does decline; however, fluid intelligence holds steady and can improve.
C)both fluid and crystallized intelligences decline with age.
D)both fluid and crystallized intelligences improve with age.

Question 77

Based on longitudinal studies, a different developmental pattern for intelligence was revealed, which showed that

A)adults' intelligence peaked at age 18, and declined gradually thereafter.
B)adults tended to show increasing intelligence test scores until the mid-30s, then typically began to decline.
C)adults intelligence peaked in the mid-30s and then remained stable until the mid 50s.
D)adults' intelligence significantly slowed around their mid-30s.

Question 78

Which of the following would be considered an environmental and behavioural factor related to cancer?

A)poor socialization
B)heart and cardiovascular disease
C)exposure to sunlight
D)family history of cancer

Question 79

According to developmental psychologist K.Warner Schaie, inductive reasoning, spatial orientation, perceptual speed, and verbal memory begin to gradually decline around age

A)25
B)30
C)40
D)50

Question 80

One reason why brain functioning begins to change in middle adulthood is that

A)middle-aged adults do not take good care of themselves, and it affects the health of their brains.
B)middle-aged adults carry greater loads of stress, which adversely affects their health.
C)researchers have found that 20 genes that are vital to learning, memory, and mental flexibility begin to function less efficiently as early as age 40.
D)middle-aged adults are too busy to participate in mental learning and activities to maintain mental flexibility.