Deck 10: Death and Dying

Question 1

When electrical brain waves have ceased, this is called

A)electrolysis.
B)electroshock.
C)brain death.
D)functional death.

Answer 1

brain death.

Question 2

The definition of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is

A)the sudden death of the infant due to abuse.
B)the unexplained death of a seemingly healthy baby.
C)the eventual brain death of an infant after a long illness.
D)the death of an infant that is explained by an unknown virus.

Answer 2

the unexplained death of a seemingly healthy baby.

Question 3

What is the occurrence in adolescents where they tend not to think that death can happen to them, and, therefore, they get involved in risky behaviour(s)?

A)delusions
B)immaturity
C)personal fable
D)selective perception

Answer 3

personal fable

Question 4

The most frequent cause of death of adolescents is

A)sexually transmitted infections.
B)accidents.
C)suicide.
D)drug overdose.

Question 5

In early young adulthood, the most common cause of death is _____________; however, by the end of the young adulthood period the most common cause of death is _____________.

A)suicide; homicide
B)accidents; cancer
C)cancer; heart disease
D)drug overdose; accidents

Question 6

The absence of a heartbeat and breathing is called

A)brain death.
B)functional death.
C)mortality.
D)clinical death.

Question 7

Some medical experts argue that a person who suffers irreversible brain damage, who is in a coma, and who will never experience anything approaching a human life

A)is still living a meaningful life.
B)may be experiencing a full life as long as primitive brain activity is still occurring.
C)can be considered dead.
D)should be considered fully functional.

Question 8

Which of the following events is most likely to increase the risk of hospitalization for acute mental illness?

A)The death of a young child
B)The death of a partner or spouse
C)The death of a parent
D)The death of a sibling that is close to one's own age

Question 9

Alex is a 5-year-old preschool student whose hamster just died.Which of the following is a likely reaction to the hamster's death that Alex may demonstrate?

A)Alex would tell his mother that he knows that hamsters can die, but he did not believe that it would happen to his hamster.
B)Alex may say that his hamster needs medicine to come alive again.
C)Alex should understand that his hamster's death is permanent, and that it is a natural event that happens to all hamsters.
D)Alex would want to bury the hamster because he realizes that it will never come back to life.

Question 10

In which of the following circumstances is brain activity likely to be measured to determine death?

A)When a person has requested this in his/her living will
B)In all cases of observed death in a hospital
C)When organs may be potentially transplanted
D)When drug use may have artificially suppressed respiration

Question 11

A person may be resuscitated and suffer little damage if his/her heart has stopped beating and breathing has stopped for _______ minutes.

A)2
B)5
C)10
D)15

Question 12

How frequently do children in Canada die in their first year of life?

A)1 in 100
B)1 in 500
C)1 in 1000
D)1 in 2500

Question 13

At what age do children develop a concept of death?

A)2
B)3
C)5
D)8

Question 14

By what age do children accept death as universal and final?

A)5
B)7
C)9
D)11

Question 15

By the end of early adulthood, the most common reason for death is

A)suicide.
B)homicide.
C)cancer.
D)automobile accidents.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes an adolescent's view of death?

A)Adolescents understand that death is permanent, but not that it is universal.
B)Adolescents fear death more than any other age group.
C)Adolescents understand death more realistically and objectively than other age groups.
D)Adolescents understand that death is permanent and universal, but believe that they are somehow special, and are immune to the risks that affect others.

Question 17

A diagnosis of death based on the cessation of all signs of brain activity, as measured by electrical brain waves, is called

A)electrocardiogram.
B)electroshock.
C)functional death.
D)brain death.

Question 18

In early adulthood, the leading cause of death is

A)accidents.
B)suicide.
C)homicide.
D)AIDS.

Question 19

What is the most frequent cause of death during childhood?

A)Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
B)child abuse, malnutrition, and neglect
C)cancers such as leukemia
D)automobile accidents, fires, and drowning

Question 20

The second and third leading causes of death among children under 14 are
accidents and malnutrition.
heart disease and bacterial infections.
cancer and congenital conditions.
SIDS and viral infections.

Question 21

According to Kübler-Ross, what is the fourth step people pass through as they move toward death?

A)anger
B)bargaining
C)denial
D)depression

Question 22

According to Kübler-Ross, what is the third step people pass through as they move toward death?

A)anger
B)bargaining
C)denial
D)depression

Question 23

What is the most frequent causes of death in middle adulthood?

A)Cancer and heart disease
B)Automobile or workplace accidents
C)Suicide and homicide
D)Drug overdose and chronic disease

Question 24

According to Kübler-Ross, when people protest and have objections to either learning about their impending death, or the manner of their impending death, this is called

A)denial
B)bargaining
C)anger
D)depression

Question 25

Following a tragic shooting at a local school, experts are brought in to talk with the survivors about death, and help them to put the tragedy in context.This is an example of

A)crisis intervention education.
B)routine death education.
C)death education for members of the helping profession.
D)contextual death education.

Question 26

Psychiatrist Elisabeth Kübler-Ross developed a theory of death and dying that involves _____ steps?

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5

Question 27

Research shows that children who live in countries with high levels of violence and death

A)understand the finality, irreversibility, and universality of death earlier than do children in other countries.
B)fear death more, and exhibit fewer risky behaviours.
C)are more likely to view death as a transition, or the continuation of a new form of life.
D)understand the finality, irreversibility, and universality of death significantly later than do children in other countries.

Question 28

A significant drop in performance in cognitive areas such as memory and reading may

A)spark an interest in cognitive training.
B)foreshadow death within the next few years.
C)be an indicator of brain cancer.
D)be a precursor for Alzheimer's disease.

Question 29

Charlie is taking a university-level psychology course called "death and dying." This is an example of

A)crisis intervention education.
B)routine death education.
C)death education for members of the helping profession.
D)contextual death education.

Question 30

What are the most likely causes of death in late adulthood?

A)Automobile accidents
B)Suicide
C)Cancer, stroke, and heart disease
D)Drug overdose

Question 31

Which individual has had the greatest influence in our understanding of the way people confront death?

A)Freud
B)Kübler-Ross
C)Erikson
D)Corr

Question 32

People who study death and dying are called

A)morticians.
B)developmentalists.
C)thanatologists.
D)gerontologists.

Question 33

According to Kübler-Ross, what is the first step people pass through as they move toward death?

A)anger
B)bargaining
C)denial
D)depression

Question 34

The acceleration of decline in cognitive functioning related to impending death is called

A)brain death.
B)memory loss.
C)terminal decline.
D)plasticity loss.

Question 35

If cancer, stroke, and heart disease were eliminated, demographers estimate that life of an average 70-year-old would be extended by approximately

A)10 years.
B)7 years.
C)5 years.
D)15 years.

Question 36

In middle adulthood, the leading cause of death is

A)accidents.
B)suicide.
C)homicide.
D)diseases.

Question 37

According to Kübler-Ross, what is the second step people pass through as they move toward death?

A)anger
B)bargaining
C)denial
D)depression

Question 38

Margaret is a 58-year-old-woman who has smoked nearly all of her life, and now she has just been given a diagnosis of terminal lung cancer by her physician.Margaret is devastated and begins to go to church and pray regularly.Her prayers consist of promising to quit smoking and devoting the rest of her life to the good of other people if she receives a reprieve from God.According to Kübler-Ross, which of the five stages of death and dying is Margaret exhibiting?

A)first stage
B)second stage
C)third stage
D)fourth stage

Question 39

William is a 68-year-old man who received a diagnosis of brain cancer from his doctor and was told that he has only several months to live.At first he didn't believe it, but after he got a second opinion that validated the first, he became furious with his doctors, family, and even strangers.According to Kübler-Ross, which stage of death and dying is William exhibiting?

A)first stage
B)second stage
C)third stage
D)fourth stage

Question 40

The suicide rate for men in late adulthood

A)significantly declines.
B)declines somewhat compared with men in middle adulthood.
C)climbs steadily, especially for men over the age of 85.
D)is less than for women in late adulthood.

Question 41

Which one of the following lies between passive euthanasia and voluntary active euthanasia?

A)natural death
B)mercy killing
C)assisted suicide
D)suicide

Question 42

Which one of the following countries supports and has legalized assisted suicide performed by physicians?

A)Russia
B)Canada
C)China
D)Netherlands

Question 43

According to Kübler-Ross, what is the final step of the five-step process of dying?

A)denial
B)depression
C)acceptance
D)bargaining

Question 44

According to Kübler-Ross, when dying people feel sadness over future losses, know that death will bring an end to their relationships, know they will never see future generations, know death is inescapable, and experience a profound sadness over the unalterable conclusion of their life, this is called

A)denial.
B)preparatory depression.
C)acceptance.
D)reactive depression.

Question 45

Who was the famous doctor in the 1990s who developed the "suicide machine"?

A)Elisabeth Kübler-Ross
B)Charles Corr
C)Jack Kevorkian
D)Mike Wallace

Question 46

What is the percentage of patient charts that reflect the individual's wishes not to be resuscitated?

A)25%
B)49%
C)75%
D)87%

Question 47

When medical staff act to end a person's life before death would normally occur, this is called

A)proxy euthanasia.
B)voluntary active euthanasia.
C)suicide machine.
D)passive euthanasia.

Question 48

What is another term for euthanasia?

A)death wish
B)assisted suicide
C)mercy killing
D)genocide

Question 49

When a person designates a specific individual to act as their representative in making health care decisions, that designee is called a(n)

A)relative.
B)attorney.
C)health care proxy.
D)power of attorney.

Question 50

What do the letters "DNR" on a patient's medical chart mean?

A)"Documents Not Retained"
B)"Deteriorating Neuronal Responses"
C)"Deficient Nitrogen Reserves"
D)"Do Not Resuscitate"

Question 51

Sammy is a 72-year-old man who has had several strokes, has lost his speech, use of his right hand, and is no longer ambulatory.Because of other complications, his doctor has informed him that he will never be able to return home, will most likely live out his remaining days in a nursing facility, and then possibly a hospice.If Sammy shows signs of profound sadness, Kübler-Ross's theory would view it as

A)anger.
B)reactive depression.
C)denial.
D)acceptance.

Question 52

According to Kübler-Ross, sadness based on events that have already occurred is called

A)denial.
B)preparatory depression.
C)acceptance.
D)reactive depression.

Question 53

What is the name of the practice of assisting people who are terminally ill to die more quickly, but does not assume that the person is capable of expressing their wishes?

A)assisted suicide
B)terminalisation
C)premature dying
D)euthanasia

Question 54

Which of the following is a common criticism of Kübler-Ross' theory of death?

A)Kübler-Ross' theory only applies to people who die suddenly, rather than those facing a protracted illness.
B)Kübler-Ross placed too much emphasis on personal variation, including gender, age, and cultural differences.
C)Kübler-Ross' stages are overly restrictive, as some patients to not follow these stages in a linear progression.
D)Kübler-Ross' theory applies only to people dealing with diseases in which the outcome and timing are uncertain.

Question 55

According to Kübler-Ross, when dying people are fully aware that death is impending, are unemotional and uncommunicative, and have virtually no positive or negative feelings about the present or future, this is called

A)acceptance.
B)depression.
C)denial.
D)bargaining.

Question 56

When a respirator or other medical equipment that is sustaining a patient's life is removed, this is known as

A)proxy euthanasia.
B)voluntary active euthanasia.
C)death wish.
D)passive euthanasia.

Question 57

Gloria is an 85-year-old woman who has a long history of strokes that have debilitated her and left her bedridden.She has just now experienced another stroke and she knows that her death is impending.She has no emotional reaction to this occurrence; however, she wants to be left alone.According to Kübler-Ross, it is likely that Gloria is experiencing which of the five stages of death and dying?

A)acceptance
B)depression
C)denial
D)bargaining

Question 58

One survey of nurses in intensive care units found that ____% of nurses had deliberately hastened a patient's death at least once.

A)10
B)20
C)30
D)40

Question 59

In which one of the following legal documents is the health care proxy authorized?

A)final contract
B)final determination
C)durable power of attorney
D)probate

Question 60

The legal document that designates what medical treatments people want or do not want if they cannot express their wishes is called a

A)will.
B)dying will.
C)final will.
D)living will.

Question 61

The average funeral and burial in Canada costs

A)$3,000-$5,000.
B)$5,000-$7,000.
C)$7,000-$10,000.
D)$10,000-$12,000.

Question 62

In the second stage of grief, people tend to

A)cycle back to numbness if the pain is too severe.
B)reach the accommodation stage, where they pick up the pieces of their lives and construct new identities.
C)fully experience grief and acknowledge the reality that the separation from the dead person is permanent.
D)avoid the situation by carrying on with usual routines of life.

Question 63

The emotional response to one's loss is called

A)depression.
B)anxiety.
C)bereavement.
D)grief.

Question 64

Briefly describe the different cultural conceptions of death.

Question 65

Which of the following best describes the function of a funeral service?

A)Funerals are a way to establish publicly that the person has died, in order to settle outstanding debts and obligations.
B)Funerals provide a forum for the feelings of the survivors, and an opportunity to share their grief with others.
C)Funerals provide a natural end point for the cycle of grief.
D)Funerals provide a sign of material wealth, which can represent the deceased person's success in life.

Question 66

The main purpose of palliative care is:

A)to squeeze out or extend every possible moment of life at any cost.
B)to provide treatments to prolong life events though they may be painful or extraordinarily invasive.
C)to provide a warm, supportive environment for the dying and help make life as full as possible.
D)to add to the burden of family members as they care for their dying relatives.

Question 67

In the final stage of grief, people tend to

A)avoid the reality of the situation through denial.
B)reach the accommodation stage, where they pick up the pieces of their lives and construct new identities.
C)cycle back to numbness if the pain is too severe.
D)for the first time, experience grief and acknowledge the reality that the separation from the dead person is permanent.

Question 68

Which of the following is the first stage of grief?

A)shock
B)anger
C)accommodation
D)depression

Question 69

Briefly describe several criticisms of Elisabeth Kübler-Ross's theory of death and dying.

Question 70

The acknowledgement of the objective fact that one has experienced a death is called

A)euthanasia.
B)depression.
C)grief.
D)bereavement.

Question 71

The absence of a heartbeat and respiration defines functional death.

Question 72

Approximately what percentage of people who die in Canada each year die in hospitals?

A)25%
B)35%
C)50%
D)75%

Question 73

Research contradicts the common assumption that depression after the death of a loved one is widespread; only _________% of people show relatively deep depression following the loss of a loved one.

A)5 to 10
B)15 to 30
C)30 to 40
D)35 to 45

Question 74

The care provided for the dying in institutions devoted to those who are terminally ill is called

A)palliative care.
B)home care.
C)euthanasia.
D)nursing care.

Question 75

Mashell has just found out that his mother has died.Although he was very close to his mother, he shows no outward signs of emotion at first.For the first few days, Mashell appears only to be in a daze, and emotionally numb as he prepares the funeral arrangements.After a few days, he beings to express deep sorrow and anguish.Mashell is currently in which stage of grief?

A)stage 1
B)stage 2
C)stage 3
D)stage 4

Question 76

An alternative to hospitalization in which dying people stay in their homes and receive treatment from their families and visiting medical staff is called

A)palliative care.
B)home care.
C)euthanasia.
D)nursing care.

Question 77

Briefly explain the consequences of grief and bereavement.

Question 78

Briefly explain three types of death education.

Question 79

The definition of functional death is completely straightforward.

Question 80

Evidence suggests that widowed people

A)are more likely to die shortly after their spouse, but the risk is decreased somewhat by remarriage.
B)are twice as likely to die themselves within one year of their partner's death.
C)are more likely to react with poor post-death outcomes if their relationship was secure, rather than ambivalent.
D)are more likely to have positive outcomes if they spend a great deal of time reflecting on death and their grief.