Deck 4: Economic Systems

Question 1

Division olabor refers to the person or organized group responsible for producing
something.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Because they are based on role obligations, taxes are an example oreciprocal exchange.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

In "Reciprocity and the Power oGiving," Cronk argues thain mosinstances ogifgiving, donors expecthose who have received the gifto reciprocate promptly.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

According to Cronk in "Reciprocity and the Power oGiving," the phrase "Indian giver" arose because North American Indians misunderstood European customs and wanted gifts they gave to colonists to be returned promptly and with interest.

Question 5

The cultural knowledge for making and using tools and extracting and refining raw materials is called

A)production.
B)division of labor.
C)unit of production.
D)technology.

Question 6

One would expecto find the leasjob specialization in a

A)hunting and gathering society.
B)horticultural society.
C)industrial society.
D)pastoral society.

Question 7

Taxes would besbe classified as a form of

A)redistributive exchange.
B)allocation of resources.
C)market exchange.
D)reciprocal exchange.

Question 8

Markeexchange is associated with many larger societies where people musbe able to procure a wide variety ogoods and services from strangers.

Question 9

An economic philosophy thaemphasizes the free movemenogoods, capital, and services, with cuts to public expenditures for social services is called

A)redistribution.
B)neo-liberalism.
C)subsistence.
D)allocation of resources.

Question 10

Some acts oreciprocal gifgiving may noalways be benevolent, as in the case of

A)swapping.
B)authors' citations in academic works.
C)potlatching.
D)scientific contributions.

Question 11

A good example oreciprocal exchange in Ameri?can society is gifgiving abirthdays.

Question 12

The provision ogoods and services to meebiological and social wants is called

A)production.
B)the economic system.
C)market exchange.
D)the unit of production.

Question 13

The economic system defines the provision ogoods and services to meehuman biological and social wants.

Question 14

According to Cronk in his article, "Reciprocity and the Power oGiving," gifgiving can be used to intimidate people.

Question 15

When people buy and sell goods and services on the basis oprice, supply, and demand, we call the process redistributive exchange.

Question 16

Both the Turkana and the Mukogodo peoples oKenya diminished gifts given to them by anthropologists as a way odiminishing any reciprocation they mighfeel was expected othem.

Question 17

Gifgiving among family members aChristmas is an example of

A)barter.
B)market exchange.
C)reciprocal exchange.
D)redistributive exchange.

Question 18

In "Reciprocity and the Power oGiving," Cronk reports thano matter how little he gave his Mukogodo informants while he was doing fieldwork, they always seemed grateful, which led to a warmer, more trusting relationship demonstrating the positive power ogiving.

Question 19

In "Reciprocity and the Power oGiving," Cronk cites Hagstrom's argumenthacitations oother people's work in academic articles as well as the articles themselves, are a form ogift.

Question 20

Technology refers only to the machines people use to make things.

Question 21

In "Poverty aWork: Office Work and the Crack Alternative," Bourgois notes thamany Puerto Rican men living in Spanish Harlem have aone time or another held normal (nounderground) jobs in New York City's service economy.

Question 22

According to Bourgois in "Poverty aWork: Office Work and the Crack Alternative," EasHarlem men and women view their neighbors who manage to follow the "white woman's rules" during the day and streeculture anighas

A)proud of their cultural heritage.
B)people to aspire to be like.
C)ashamed of who they truly are.
D)admirable.

Question 23

According to Cronk in "Reciprocity and the Power oGiving," the Kwakiutl potlatch is a good example oa way to

A)maintain equal social relationships between different clan members.
B)fight or flatten social rivals.
C)establish alliances between competing political factions.
D)create future material wealth for the giver.

Question 24

Women represenbetween 25 and 50 percenothe total employees working in
Wyoming's Power River Basin coal mines.

Question 25

In the coal mining industry overall, women represenfrom 6 to 8 percenothe
workers.

Question 26

In "Poverty aWork: Office Work and the Crack Alternative," Bourgois claims thaonly 15 percenosecond generation Puerto Ricans living in New York's Spanish Harlem have ever held a job in the formal economy.

Question 27

In "Reciprocity and the Power oGiving," Cronk, citing work by sociologisWarren Hagstrom, argues tha__________ represengifts in a system oreciprocal exchange.

A)citations in academic articles
B)business lunches
C)alcoholic drinks
D)blankets, coppers, and arm shells

Question 28

According to Bourgois in "Poverty aWork: Office Work and the Crack Alternative," the New York underground economy in which many Puerto Rican men work largely consists odirty sweatshop manufacturing jobs.

Question 29

In "Reciprocity and the Power oGiving," Cronk, reporting on a study by Grace Goodell, notes thamonetary supporoan irrigation projecby the _________ served to __________ in Iran.

A)U.S., support local level political organizations
B)World Bank, support local level political organizations
C)U.S., crush local level political organizations
D)World Bank, crush local-level political organizations

Question 30

According to Cronk in "Reciprocity and the Power oGiving," the MounHagen tribes oNew Guinea use a gifgiving system called "moka" to gain prestige and

A)guarantee security.
B)establish new relationships.
C)build trust.
D)shame rivals.

Question 31

In "Reciprocity and the Power oGiving," Cronk argues thagifgiving is an importanway for people to initiate and maintain relationships in every society.

Question 32

In "Poverty aWork: Office Work and the Crack Alternative," Bourgois argues thaPuerto Rican men feel degraded and disrespected in the entry-level service jobs found in New York's office-bound economy.

Question 33

In "Poverty aWork: Office Work and the Crack Alternative," Bourgois notes in an addendum to his article thaprosperity in the 1990s increased the number oPuerto Rican men who sold crack as the price othe drug escalated.

Question 34

In "Reciprocity and the Power oGiving," Cronk notes thathree othe following are good examples oreciprocal gifgiving.Which one is not?

A)shoes bought at a local mall
B)concessions made between U.S.and Russian negotiators during peace negotiations a few years ago
C)shell necklaces and arm bands traded in ritual fashion in the Trobriand Island exchange system called the kula
D)"swapping" reported by Carol Stack by African Americans living in a place in Illinois called the flats

Question 35

According to Bourgois in "Poverty aWork: Office Work and the Crack Alternative," the unionized jobs associated with manufacturing in New York

A)provided life-time security for Puerto Rican workers.
B)were difficult for Puerto Ricans to get because they were foreigners.
C)permitted some rebellious behavior.
D)required more education than non-unionized jobs.

Question 36

In "Poverty aWork: Office Work and the Crack Alternative," Bourgois argues thathe mosimportanreason thasecond generation Puerto Rican men living in Spanish Harlem find iunpleasanto work in New York City's professional offices is

A)the work pays too little.
B)they feel they are treated with disrespect.
C)they can't get to work because they are too poor to own cars.
D)they speak no English.

Question 37

According to Bourgois in "Poverty aWork: Office Work and the Crack Alternative," second generation Puerto Rican men failed aentry-level service sector jobs because

A)they were discriminated against by Anglo supervisors.
B)they tried to unionize their places of employment.
C)most dealt drugs at their workplace.
D)the way they looked and walked often frightened middle-class Anglos on the job.

Question 38

According to Bourgois in the article "Poverty aWork: Office Work and the Crack Alternative," second generation Puerto Rican residents living in Spanish Harlem began to sell crack cocaine because they could find no other work in New York City.

Question 39

According to Bourgois in "Poverty aWork: Office Work and the Crack Alternative," as reported in the 1990 census,

A)78.4 percent of the women living in New York's Spanish Harlem received public assistance.
B)48.3 percent of men living in Spanish Harlem were "officially employed."
C)more than half the Puerto Rican men living in Spanish Harlem sell crack cocaine.
D)42.4 percent of Puerto Rican men living in Spanish Harlem have fathered children with women to whom they are not married.

Question 40

According to Bourgois in "Poverty aWork: Office Work and the Crack Alternative," the New York City economy

A)has lost tens of thousands of jobs since 1963.
B)is dominated by manufacturing jobs requiring unskilled labor.
C)has the same number of jobs that it did in 1963 but more of these are located in offices.
D)has gained more jobs in the service sector.

Question 41

In "Malawi Versus the World Bank," Patten notes thathe goal othe World Bank and IMis to loan poor countries money to help them institute capitalism and to bring them into the global economy.

Question 42

In "Malawi Versus the World Bank," Patten claims thathe goal othe World Bank and IMis to lend poor countries money in order to build more efficiengovernmenagencies concerned with health and the control oHIV/AIDS.

Question 43

Gender divisions in the Powder River Basin coal mines are very rigid and make it
difficulfor women to work alongside men productively.

Question 44

In the social universe othe mine, the term 'lady' generally has a negative connotation.

Question 45

A key way for women in the mines to build workplace relationships with their male coworkers is to

A)cultivate a very professional demeanor.
B)swear excessively and in the most vulgar manner.
C)come to work with well manicured nails and nice makeup.
D)engage in practical jokes.

Question 46

Some othe women interviewed athe Power River Basin felthatheir physical size
gave them an advantage over their male counterparts.

Question 47

One othe more successful gender identities in a coal mine is the tomboy, defined as a women who

A)departs very far from the conventional notions of femininity and acts in a more masculine manner.
B)purposely emphasizes her femininity at the expense of forming friendships with guys.
C)departs from the conventional notions of femininity, does not mind getting dirty, and does not get worked up about things.
D)strictly adheres to societally accepted gender roles.

Question 48

Men and women are judged equally for their sexual aggressiveness on the job.There is
no double standard in Wyoming's Powder River Basin.

Question 49

In "Malawi Versus the World Bank," Patten argues tha95 percenothe Malawian population lives on small farms 1 to 4 acres in size.

Question 50

According to Patten in "Malawi Versus the World Bank," the Malawian farmers responded to their inability to grow enough food by seeking work in the country's cities.

Question 51

In "Malawi Versus the World Bank," Patten notes thathe World Bank and International Monetary Fund, along with approval othe U.S.Treasury, adopted a "Washington Consensus" designed to __________ in poor countries.

A)underwrite better health programs
B)institute capitalism
C)help subsistence farmers increase their crop yields
D)strengthen democratic governments

Question 52

Melissa, one othe subjects oJessica Smith Rolston's essay "Women in the Mine," identifies herselas a

A)tomboy.
B)bitch.
C)lady.
D)girly girl.

Question 53

Rank in the coal pits correlates to

A)a worker's gender.
B)an individual's age.
C)number of years working in the mine.
D)hierarchy of the machines used to expose the coal.

Question 54

Women who work in the coal mines in the Powder River Basin

A)typically only hold positions in administration and management.
B)operate all of the heavy equipment used to extract the coal.
C)work in all departments except as frontline supervisors in charge of crews.
D)work mostly as mechanics.

Question 55

Othe many stereotypical personas active in the coal mining industry, __________ comprise only a minority othe workforce.

A)ultra macho men
B)bitches
C)ladies
D)tomboys

Question 56

To be successful as a female coal miner, one muschoose an identity-tomboy, lady, or
girly girl-and never stray from thaidentity

Question 57

In "Malawi Versus the World Bank," Patten notes thathe World Bank and the IMF
required Malawi to quisubsidizing fertilizer.

Question 58

According to Patten in "Malawi Versus the World Bank," the effecothe World Bank on Malawi was to drive people oftheir land and into cities where they could work in newly established businesses.

Question 59

According to Patten in the article "Malawi Versus the World Bank," the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund soughto loan Malawi money in the 1980s until recently because the people there were no longer able to meetheir daily need for food.

Question 60

The firsphase othe coal mining reclamation process is

A)blasting the large horizontal seam of coal in the ground.
B)removing and storing the delicate layer of topsoil.
C)picking up, moving, and dropping the overburden into an already excavated mine.
D)removing the coal from the ground with draglines, shovels, and haul trucks.

Question 61

According to Patten in "Malawi Versus the World Bank," officials othe World Bank thoughtha__________ were the reason why Malawi experienced a balance opayments problem in the 1980s.

A)government corruption
B)lack of a manufacturing sector in the economy
C)fertilizer subsidies
D)military expenditures

Question 62

According to Patten in "Malawi Versus the World Bank," the "Washington Consensus" required countries thaborrowed money from the World Bank and IMto

A)privatize state-owned enterprises.
B)increase spending on health and education.
C)limit their trade with foreign markets.
D)use public monies to subsidize commodities.

Question 63

According to Patten in "Malawi Versus the World Bank," when the presidenoMalawi reinstituted the subsidized fertilizer program the

A)IMF withdrew its financial assistance from Malawi.
B)World Bank changed its policy concerning government subsidies.
C)U.S.wholeheartedly supported his actions.
D)maize yields grew substantially enough for Malawi to begin exporting again.

Question 64

According to Patten in "Malawi Versus the World Bank," the main crop osubsistence farmers in Malawi is

A)cassava.
B)wheat.
C)sorghum.
D)maize.

Question 65

According to Patten in "Malawi Versus the World Bank," Malawians responded to the lower maize yields thaoccurred when fertilizer was no longer subsidized by

A)skipping meals.
B)eating nsima three times a day.
C)using a government voucher to purchase food.
D)emigrating to other African countries.

Question 66

According to Patten in "Malawi Versus the World Bank," the effecothe World Bank loans on the people oMalawi was to

A)stimulate the growth of tourism and local manufacturing.
B)raise agricultural production.
C)lower the amount of maize produced.
D)increase the individual wealth of the farmers of Malawi.