Deck 2: Language and Communication

Question 1

The Tiv approved oHamlet's mother's marriage to her husband's brother within a month oher husband's death.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

People can communicate using nonlinguistic sym?bols.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Bohannan finds thawith minor alterations in terminology, the English and the Tiv can understand Shakespeare's Hamlein the same way.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

English speakers do nouse /ng/ (the final sound in going, for example) when they speak.This behavior would besbe classified as a

A)framing rule.
B)sociolinguistic rule.
C)non-linguistic rule.
D)phonological rule.

Question 5

The Tiv feliwas a good omen for Hamlet's father's ghosto return and talk with Hamlet.

Question 6

The categories and rules for combining vocal symbols are called

A)phonemes.
B)grammar.
C)sociolinguistic rules.
D)speech.

Question 7

Language refers to the behavior thaproduces vocal sounds.

Question 8

Phonology consists othe categories and rules for forming symbols thaengage which othe channels available to humans for communication?

A)sight
B)touch
C)taste
D)sound

Question 9

For mospeople, language uses the channel osighfor communication.

Question 10

The minimal categories ospeech sounds thaserve to keep utterances aparare called phonemes

Question 11

The behavior thaproduces vocal sounds is called

A)semantics.
B)language.
C)speech.
D)phonology.

Question 12

Things other than vocal sounds thacan stand for other things are parolanguage.

Question 13

Hindi speakers hear which othe following two English phonemes as a single phoneme?

A)/t/ and /d/
B)/k/ and /g/
C)/b/ and /d/
D)/v/ and /w/

Question 14

The Tiv lack a concepfor whaEuropeans call a ghost.

Question 15

Language is a system ocultural knowledge used to generate and interprespeech.

Question 16

A metaphor is an alternative word for something.

Question 17

Grammar refers to the categories and rules for linking vocal symbols with their referents.

Question 18

Minimal categories ospeech sounds thaserve to keep utterances aparare called

A)morphemes.
B)minimal pairs.
C)words.
D)phonemes.

Question 19

When linguistic anthropologists search for minimal pairs owords from informants, they are moslikely to be looking for

A)morphemes.
B)metaphors.
C)phonemes.
D)sociolinguistic rules.

Question 20

The phrase "tax burden" is a good example othe use of

A)hyperbole.
B)metaphor.
C)non-linguistic symbols.
D)linguistic crossover.

Question 21

In "The Military Name Game," Boxer asserts thathe original World War II purpose onaming military operations was to generate public approval for them.

Question 22

According to Boxer in "The Military Name Game," the military uses a two-word sequence to describe military operations.

Question 23

In her article, "Shakespeare in the Bush," Laura Bohannan shows that

A)the story of Hamlet does not retain its original meaning when told to a Tiv audience.
B)the story of Hamlet retains Shakespeare's meaning for both the English and the Tiv.
C)the Tiv misunderstood why Hamlet's father's ghost would seek revenge.
D)the Tiv were shocked by the quick marriage of Hamlet's mother to his uncle.

Question 24

In "The Military Name Game," Boxer notes thathe name for U.S.operations in Afghanistan, "Infinite Justice," was dropped because

A)the term, "justice," implied a legal rationale for pursuing the conflict and there was none.
B)the phrase was too general and meaningless.
C)the Council on American-Islamic Relations felt it implied a godly role for the U.S.
D)the phrase angered the U.S.'s Arab allies.

Question 25

According to Bohannan, the Tiv approved of

A)Hamlet's desire to kill his father's brother.
B)Hamlet's desire to kill Polonius.
C)Ophelia's attraction to Polonius.
D)Hamlet's mother's hasty marriage to her dead husband's brother.

Question 26

When the Tiv informed Laura Bohannan thashe musbe wrong abouHamlet's father's ghosbecause the dead cannotalk, they displayed whaanthropologists call

A)culture shock.
B)naive realism.
C)tacit culture.
D)cross?cultural solidarity.

Question 27

One othe concepts thathe Tiv found inecessary to reinterprewhen they were told the story oHamlewas the English category for

A)revenge.
B)omen.
C)zombie.
D)ghost.

Question 28

According to Boxer in "The Military Name Game," despite every efforto make them benign, mosrecenattempts anaming military operations manage to offend someone.

Question 29

In her article "The Military Name Game," Boxer argues thaathe time she wrote the article, naming military operations involved using

A)a two-word verb-noun phrase that is positive but that is almost meaningless.
B)mythology and religion because of their positive moral overtones.
C)words that are intended to remain secret.
D)aggressive terms such as "Masher," "Thunderbolt," and "Ripper."

Question 30

The Tiv felthaLaertes bewitched his sister, Ophelia, so thahe could sell her body to raise money to repay gambling debts.

Question 31

According to Boxer in "The Military Name Game," military operations' names such as Roundup, Killer, Ripper, Courageous, Audacious, and Dauntless were used by __________ during ________________.

A)General MacArthur, the Korean War
B)Winston Churchill, World War II
C)General Abrams, the Vietnam War
D)Joint Chiefs of Staff, the war with Iraq

Question 32

According to Boxer in "The Military Name Game," the firsname given to U.S.operations in Afghanistan was

A)Desert Storm.
B)Mountain Shield.
C)Enduring Freedom.
D)Infinite Justice.

Question 33

Three othe following describe ways the Tiv interpreted the story oHamlet? Which one does not?

A)The Tiv felt that the ghost of Hamlet's father was really an omen sent by a witch.
B)The Tiv decided that Laertes killed his sister, Ophelia, through witchcraft.
C)The Tiv were pleased by the quick marriage of Hamlet's mother to her dead husband's brother.
D)The Tiv approved of Hamlet's desire to kill his father's brother.

Question 34

In "The Military Name Game,"Boxer shows how a modern computer program entitled "Code Word, Nickname, and Exercise Term System," or NICKA for short, has solved mosothe problems encountered by the Pentagon as igenerates code names for military operations.

Question 35

The Tiv example demonstrates thanaive realism is a human condition thaoccurs when people hold mistaken ideas aboutheir own nature otheir social and natural environment.

Question 36

According to Tannen in "Conversation Style: Talking on the Job," speaking styles are ritualized forms overbal interaction thaoften differ between men and women.

Question 37

According to Boxer in "The Military Name Game," code names for military operations originated with the Germans in World War II and were intended to be secret.

Question 38

According to Boxer in "The Military Name Game",,the U.S.JoinChiefs oStafcreated a __________ nicknamed __________ to generate names for military operations.

A)military command committee, "COMAT"
B)computer program, "NICKA"
C)three-service bureau, "BOCAB"
D)military swat team, "SWATNOM"

Question 39

In Tannen's article "Conversation Style: Talking on the Job," claims thawomen's speaking styles, based on a need to create the appearance oequality, are a better form ocommunication in the work place than men's more direcspeaking styles.

Question 40

According to Boxer's article "The Military Name Game," names for military operations have little effecon the way the public perceives such actions.

Question 41

According to Tannen in "Conversation Style: Talking on the Job," men often avoid asking directions because

A)their over-direct style does not yield accurate answers.
B)asking puts them in a one-down position.
C)they fail to listen to the answers they get.
D)they don't want others to perceive them as uninformed.

Question 42

In "Conversation Style: Talking on the Job," Tannen notes thaoall the examples oconversational-style differences between men and women thalead to troublesome outcomes, __________ has attracted the mosattention oher readers.

A)men's tendency to interrupt women in normal conversation
B)women's tendency to criticize men when they talk with other women
C)women's tendency to be indirect when they talk with men
D)men's tendency to avoid asking directions of other people

Question 43

According to Tannen in "Conversation Style: Talking on the Job," which is noan advantage cited by men for refraining from asking questions?

A)They avoid receiving incorrect information.
B)They learn to discover answers for themselves.
C)They can feel superior to other people by not showing their ignorance.
D)They avoid injuring the feelings of the individual sharing information.

Question 44

According to Tannen in "Conversation Style: Talking on the Job," women's conversation often works athe appearance oequality.Men's conversation, on the other hand, is often directed at

A)an attempt to put others in a one-down position by bragging or inferring superior knowledge.
B)avoiding the one-down position by acting as if they don't know what the other person means.
C)avoiding the one-down position by ignoring other people.
D)avoiding the one-down position by using oppositions such as banter, joking, teasing, and playful putdowns.

Question 45

In "Conversation Style: Talking on the Job," Tannen argues thain the workplace, men often refrain from asking for directions because iputs them in a one-down position.

Question 46

According to Tannen in "Conversation Style: Talking on the Job," mospeople think thamiscommunication is caused by the intention, differing capabilities, and character oothers; by their own failure; or a poor relationship.

Question 47

In "Conversation Style: Talking on the Job," Tannen argues thaone negative consequence for women who ask questions is thathey may seem

A)uninformed and less intelligent.
B)uninterested in the subject matter.
C)less politically savvy.
D)unwilling to learn.

Question 48

In "Conversation Style: Talking on the Job," Tannen notes thamen often fail to ask for directions and thawomen usually do ask for directions.Because iis easy to show thanoasking for directions can have dire consequences, she suggests thamen

A)should change and ask for directions.
B)should ask for directions but in an indirect manner.
C)should be flexible, asking for directions when it seems appropriate to do so.
D)should have a female companion ask for directions.

Question 49

In "Conversation Style: Talking on the Job," Tannen argues thamospeople blame misunderstandings on the ambivalence owords used by men and women when they talk awork.

Question 50

In "Conversation Style: Talking on the Job," Tannen argues thain the workplace

A)men often refrain from asking for directions while women often seek to create the appearance of equality in a conversation.
B)gender does not affect talking styles.
C)women seek a one up position in conversation whereas men diffuse speech domination by joking about it.
D)men are more likely than women to ask for directions.

Question 51

In "Conversation Style: Talking on the Job," Tannen tells the story ohow Amy, a manager, tried to tell her employee, Donald, how to change an unsatisfactory report.Her approach led to misunderstanding because

A)she was too direct.
B)she put Donald in a one-down position by demonstrating her superior knowledge.
C)she praised the good parts of the report before suggesting changes.
D)Donald took her comments as a personal criticism.

Question 52

In "Conversation Style: Talking on the Job," Tannen claims thamen's failure to ask for directions is a serious flaw in communications between the sexes in the workplace and should be changed.