Deck 16: Technological Applications and Future Trends

Question 1

According to Garb (2007), one concern regarding client disclosure is that the exclusive use of computer-administered assessments may lead to more:

A)false positives.
B)false negatives.
C)accurate diagnoses.
D)early identification of psychopathology.

Answer 1

false positives.

Question 2

One of the disadvantages of computer-administered assessment is that:

A)most people dislike computer-administered assessments.
B)people will not self-disclose to a computer.
C)it takes longer to take computer- administered assessments.
D)behavioral observations cannot be gathered.

Answer 2

behavioral observations cannot be gathered.

Question 3

Research on whether clients are more likely to be honest and self-disclose to a computer as compared to a person indicate that individuals:

A)are more likely to self-disclose to a computer
B)are more likely to self-disclose to a person
C)self-disclose about the same to a computer or a person
D)are slightly more likely to disclose to a computer, but the research is mixed

Answer 3

are slightly more likely to disclose to a computer, but the research is mixed

Question 4

What is the term that applies when the content of an assessment depends on the interactive process between the individual and the computer?

A)technology-adapted assessment
B)computer-assisted assessment
C)computerized testing
D)technologically-adapted testing

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT required for the ethical use of computer-based test interpretation (CBTI), according to Sampson et al.(2003)?

A)An understanding of the theoretical basis of the test
B)Experience with developing test interpretation software
C)Supervised experience using the test and CBTI
D)An understanding of the construct or behavior being measured

Question 6

With the proliferation of online assessments it is important that counselors consider the _______________, which occurs when a report is written so vaguely that it applies to most individuals.

A)Ambiguity Effect
B)Common Belief Effect
C)Barnum Effect
D)Similarity Expectation Effect

Question 7

What might a counselor consider before asking a client to take a computer-administered inventory?

A)client age, gender, and interests
B)level of comfort and computer experience
C)test sophistication skills and background
D)socio-economic status and intelligence

Question 8

With respect to computer outputs of technology-assisted assessments, clinicians should:

A)trust that computer-generated reports will be equal in quality to reports written by clinicians.
B)rely on computers for assessment scoring, but not for generating interpretive reports.
C)examine the content of the computer output before sharing the results with clients.
D)all of the above

Question 9

Which of the following is not an advantage of computer applications in assessment?

A)computers are patient in gathering information.
B)more complex scoring can be done by computers.
C)computer applications have been shown to be very cost effective.
D)computers are not biased based on gender or race.

Question 10

Which of the following is an important question for counselors to consider when evaluating whether to use an online or computer-generated report?

A)What is the basis for the programming of the report?
B)Is the interpretation based on sound research and validation information?
C)Is there evidence that the technology-generated reports are comparable to clinician-generated reports?
D)all of the above

Question 11

Although the use of mobile technology (i.e., smart phones, tablets) may facilitate the collection of behavioral, emotional or cognitive data between sessions, there exists concern about ________________________ when using these methods.

A)accuracy
B)client honesty
C)clinical utility
D)privacy and confidentiality

Question 12

A counselor using a computer-generated report who was not familiar with the instrument and the constructs being measured is acting:

A)illegally
B)unethically
C)against federal regulations
D)consistent with common practice

Question 13

The Test Review Online feature of the Buros Institute website allows users to:

A)provide feedback to test publishers on the content and structure of current versions of assessments.
B)download sample questions and interpretation reports for many assessment tools.
C)identify assessment instruments that may potentially be useful with certain clients.
D)order assessment materials over the Internet.

Question 14

A significant advantage of Internet assessment is that:

A)clients are able to take most assessments without the guidance or feedback of a counselor.
B)the majority of Internet-based assessments are free.
C)it provides access to assessments for individuals who may not normally have had the opportunity.
D)many Internet-based assessments allow clients to interpret their own results without having to consult with a professional.

Question 15

Currently, clients' use of online counseling assessment instruments is:

A)closely supervised by professional organizations.
B)closely supervised by test publishers.
C)controlled by governmental regulations.
D)unmonitored, with no formal or informal oversight.

Question 16

The fact that online instruments may not be available to individuals who do not have access to computers and/or the Internet raises concerns about the ________________________ of online assessments.

A)content
B)scoring
C)norming groups
D)interpretation

Question 17

A general computer-generated report:

A)should not be used in isolation.
B)should be easy to read with treatment suggestions.
C)is formatted so clients can read them.
D)can be comprehensive with a five axis diagnosis.

Question 18

One example of technology-adapted testing is item __________, where different sets of items or test questions are presented depending on an individual's responses to previous questions.

A)difficulty
B)discrimination
C)variation
D)branching

Question 19

What is the term used when computers or other technologies are involved in the administration, scoring, and/or interpretation of assessment tools?

A)computer-adapted assessment
B)technology-assisted assessment
C)computerized testing
D)technologically-adapted testing

Question 20

Prior to the late 1970s, computers were primarily used in assessment to:

A)score assessment instruments.
B)administer assessment instruments.
C)write assessment reports.
D)analyze the effects of testing.

Question 21

An important issue related to multicultural assessment is:

A)identifying appropriate constructs.
B)the development of appropriate norming groups.
C)increasing client comfort in completing technology-assisted assessments.
D)shortening the length (e.g., number of items) of assessments.

Question 22

A trend toward assessment that includes components of positive psychology:

A)is the antithesis of traditional diagnosis and the DSM.
B)does not ignore problems in functioning.
C)strives to achieve a "vital balance" incorporating client resources and assets.
D)all of the above

Question 23

One type of technology that may hold potential for use in neuropsychological and cognitive assessment, as well as the assessment of fears and phobias, is:

A)authentic assessment.
B)interactive voice response.
C)online surveys.
D)virtual reality.

Question 24

It has been recommended that the development of assessments should be _____________________ rather than lengthy and broad range.

A)theoretically robust and precise
B)simple and diagnostic
C)short, practical, and treatment-centered
D)solely focused on specific outcomes

Question 25

Authentic/performance assessment may have a significant influence on assessment of:

A)personality.
B)achievement.
C)intelligence.
D)all of the above

Question 26

The increasing demand for _____________ information has led to the development of computer programs that assist in treatment planning and assess counseling outcomes.

A)accountability
B)empirically-supported
C)authentic
D)measurement

Question 27

Ethical and legal issues related to assessment will probably:

A)decrease in the coming years.
B)increase in the coming years.
C)stay the same as time goes on.
D)disappear as technological sophistication increases.
Discussion Questions

Question 28

The ____________________ model to measure adequate yearly progress in academic achievement takes into account where students are starting and whether or not teachers/schools increased student learning above the expected level.

A)academic growth
B)value added
C)teacher adequacy
D)student improvement

Question 29

According to Bartels et al.(2005), high rates of ______________________________ exist among older individuals, suggesting that effective screening and assessment methods for this issue are needed.

A)co-occuring mental health and substance abuse disorders
B)physical abuse
C)cognitive disability and dementia
D)all of the above

Question 30

Counselors should not assume that _____________ will be a part of computer or online assessments, and should, therefore, develop their own materials for this purpose..

A)software
B)technology-generated reports
C)the informed consent procedure
D)none of the above

Question 31

In examining future trends in appraisal in counseling, the most probable trend is:

A)increased use of personality tests in school settings.
B)increased use of technology and the Internet.
C)decreased use of career and personality assessments.
D)decreased use of computer-adapted instruments.

Question 32

Which of the following trends began in the 1990s and is anticipated to continue into the next century?

A)computer-assisted assessment
B)projective techniques
C)authentic/performance assessment
D)work sample assessment