Deck 12: The Central Nervous System

Question 1

The terms fainting and syncope describe the same thing.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Nondeclarative memories preserve the circumstances in which they are learned.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The blood brain barrier is the protective mechanism that helps maintain the brain's stable environment.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

In most people, the left cerebral hemisphere has greater control over language abilities, math, and logic.

Question 5

A disturbance of posture, muscle tremors at rest, and uncontrolled muscle contraction are all symptoms of damage to the basal nuclei.

Question 6

Projection fibers in the brain mainly connect the right and left hemispheres.

Question 7

Nuclei relating to the startle reflex are located in the corpora quadrigemina of the midbrain.

Question 8

Cerebrospinal fluid circulates within the ventricles of the brain and in the subarachnoid space.

Question 9

Commissural fibers connect the cerebrum to the diencephalon.

Question 10

REM sleep begins about 90 minutes after sleep begins.

Question 11

The limbic system acts as our emotional, or affective (feelings), brain.

Question 12

The reticular activating system (RAS) is comprised of specific pathways primarily in the limbic system.

Question 13

The adult spinal cord ends between the level L1 and L2 of the vertebral column.

Question 14

Specific motor and sensory functions are localized in specific areas called domains, whereas memory and language have overlapping domains.

Question 15

Most of the ascending and descending pathways to and from the brain cross over (decussate) from one side of the body to the other.

Question 16

The canal connecting the third and fourth ventricles and running through the midbrain is the interventricular foramen.

Question 17

The three basic regions of the cerebrum are the cerebral cortical gray matter, internal white matter, and the superior and inferior colliculi.

Question 18

The brain and spinal cord begin as an embryonic structure called the neural plate.

Question 19

The primary visual cortex contains a map of visual space.

Question 20

Cell bodies of somatic motor neurons are located in the ventral (anterior) horn of the spinal cord.

Question 21

Nuclei of cranial nerves V (trigeminal), VI (abducens), and VII (facial) are found in the .

A) midbrain
B) medulla
C) cerebrum
D) pons

Question 22

The subarachnoid space lies between what two layers of meninges?

A) dura and epidura
B) arachnoid and pia
C) arachnoid and dura
D) arachnoid and epidura

Question 23

One functional center found within the medulla oblongata is a respiratory center involved in the control of the rate and depth of breathing.

Question 24

An elevated ridge of the cortex is called a _.

A) fissure
B) furrow
C) gyrus
D) sulcus

Question 25

Embryonic damage to the mesencephalon could result in improper formation of the midbrain.

Question 26

Cell bodies of sensory neurons are located in .

A) sympathetic ganglia
B) the thalamus
C) the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord
D) the ventral root ganglia of the spinal cord

Question 27

What type of cells line the ventricles of the brain?

A) epithelial cells
B) ependymal cells
C) neurons
D) astrocytes

Question 28

Neural tracts that convey information to the brain concerning temperature and pain would be .

A) lateral spinothalamic
B) reticulospinal
C) ventral (anterior) spinothalamic
D) posterior spinothalamic

Question 29

The primary somatosensory cortex is located in the _ _.

A) prefrontal lobe
B) temporal lobe
C) parietal lobe
D) frontal lobe

Question 30

Sorting of sensory information and relaying it to the appropriate cerebral sensory area occurs in the hypothalamus.

Question 31

The lateral sulcus separates which lobes?

A) frontal from temporal
B) frontal from parietal
C) parietal from occipital
D) temporal from parietal

Question 32

Which of the following generalizations does NOT describe the cerebral cortex?

A) The cerebral cortex contains three kinds of functional areas.
B) Each hemisphere is chiefly concerned with sensory and motor functions of the contralateral side of the body.
C) No functional area of the cortex works alone.
D) The hemispheres are exactly equal in function.

Question 33

Which of the following best describes the cerebrum?

A) executive suite
B) visceral command center
C) motor command center
D) decussation center

Question 34

What groove separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe?

A) longitudinal fissure
B) lateral fissure
C) parieto-occipital sulcus
D) central sulcus

Question 35

The arbor vitae refers to .

A) the pleatlike convolutions of the cerebellum
B) cerebellar gray matter
C) cerebellar white matter
D) flocculonodular nodes

Question 36

If the caudal portion of the neural tube failed to develop properly the .

A) spinal cord may be affected
B) cranial nerves would not form
C) telencephalon would cease development
D) hindbrain would not be present

Question 37

Spinocerebellar tracts _.

A) carry information about muscle or tendon stretch to the cerebellum
B) terminate in the spinal cord
C) give rise to conscious experience of perception
D) are found in the dorsal columns of the spinal cord

Question 38

Which brain structure functions to control the autonomic nervous system and to regulate body temperature?

A) pons
B) mammillary body
C) hypothalamus
D) medulla oblongata

Question 39

The brain stem consists of the .

A) midbrain, medulla, and pons
B) pons, medulla, cerebellum, and midbrain
C) cerebrum, pons, midbrain, and medulla
D) midbrain only

Question 40

Vital centers for the control of heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure are located in the .

A) medulla oblongata
B) midbrain
C) cerebrum
D) pons

Question 41

REM sleep is associated with .

A) decreased activity of the brain, especially the cerebral cortex
B) decreased vital signs, such as heart rate and blood pressure
C) temporary skeletal muscle inhibition except for ocular muscles and diaphragm
D) decreased oxygen use, especially in the cerebral cortex

Question 42

The blood-brain barrier is effective against _ .

A) metabolic waste such as urea
B) anesthetics
C) nutrients such as glucose
D) alcohol

Question 43

An individual accidentally transected (cut across) the spinal cord between T1 and L1. This would result in .

A) hemiplegia
B) spinal shock only
C) paraplegia
D) quadriplegia

Question 44

An individual who could trace a picture of a bicycle with his or her finger but could not recognize it as a bicycle is most likely to have sustained damage to the _.

A) calcarine cortex
B) primary visual cortex
C) lateral geniculate body
D) visual association area

Question 45

Spastic paralysis suggests involvement of the _ .

A) upper motor neurons
B) neuromuscular junction
C) spinal nerve roots
D) lower motor neurons

Question 46

Two terms for the massive motor tracts serving voluntary movement are _ .

A) segmental and nigrostriatal
B) extrapyramidal and rubrospinal
C) pyramidal and corticospinal
D) supplementary and cerebellar-pontine

Question 47

Which category of memory is involved when playing the piano?

A) procedural
B) emotional
C) motor
D) declarative

Question 48

Which of the following would you NOT find in normal cerebrospinal fluid?

A) red blood cells
B) glucose
C) protein
D) potassium

Question 49

The process of linking new facts with old facts already stored in the memory bank is called .

A) association
B) rehearsal
C) long-term memory
D) automatic memory

Question 50

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Damage to the visual association area can result in blindness.
B) Damage to the primary auditory cortex results in the inability to interpret pitch, loudness, and location.
C) Damage to the primary (somatic) motor cortex results in the loss of both voluntary muscle control and all reflexive contractions.
D) Damage to the premotor cortex results in loss of motor skills programmed in that area but movement is still possible.

Question 51

The frontal lobe is separated from the temporal lobe by the .

A) cranial fossa
B) longitudinal fissure
C) lateral sulcus
D) central sulcus

Question 52

Ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres are called .

A) fissures
B) sulci
C) gyri
D) ganglia

Question 53

All of the following are structures of the limbic system EXCEPT the _ _.

A) amygdaloid body
B) cingulate gyrus
C) hippocampus
D) caudate nucleus

Question 54

The white matter of the spinal cord contains .

A) myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers
B) unmyelinated nerve fibers only
C) myelinated nerve fibers only
D) cell bodies

Question 55

Which part of the cerebral cortex is involved in intellect, cognition, recall, and personality?

A) combined primary somatosensory cortex and somatosensory association cortex
B) limbic association area
C) posterior association area
D) prefrontal cortex (anterior association area)

Question 56

The brain area that regulates activities that control the state of wakefulness or alertness of the cerebral cortex is the .

A) limbic system
B) reticular formation
C) thalamus
D) pyramids

Question 57

Which of these would you NOT find in the cerebral cortex?

A) fiber tracts
B) interneurons
C) cell bodies
D) dendrites

Question 58

Which of the following is NOT a function of the CSF?

A) reduction of brain weight
B) initiation of some nerve impulses
C) nourishment of the brain
D) protection from blows

Question 59

Which of the following is NOT a role of the basal nuclei?

A) initiating protective reflex actions
B) controlling starting and stopping movements
C) inhibiting unnecessary or antagonistic movements
D) playing a role in cognition and emotion

Question 60

Broca's area .

A) is considered a motor speech area
B) serves the recognition of complex objects
C) is usually found only in the right hemisphere
D) controls voluntary movements of the eyes

Question 61

Arachnoid granulations are knoblike projections that protrude superiorly through the _ mater to absorb cerebrospinal fluid into venous blood.

A) pia
B) dura
C) subarachnoid
D) arachnoid

Question 62

Which of the following structures is probably NOT directly involved in memory?

A) hippocampus
B) thalamus
C) medulla oblongata
D) prefrontal cortex

Question 63

Degeneration of the dopamine-releasing neurons of the is the ultimate cause of Parkinson's disease.

A) red nucleus
B) internal capsule
C) reticular formation
D) substantia nigra

Question 64

The area of the cortex that is responsible for sensing a full bladder and the feeling that your lungs will burst when you hold your breath too long is the .

A) visceral sensory area
B) olfactory cortex
C) gustatory cortex
D) vestibular cortex

Question 65

Emotional memory .

A) involves remembering motor skills such as riding a bike
B) involves remembering a skill such as playing a musical instrument
C) involves remembering names, faces, words, and dates
D) involves your pounding heart when you hear a rattlesnake

Question 66

White matter is found in all of the following locations EXCEPT the .

A) corpus callosum
B) outer portion of the spinal cord
C) cerebral cortex
D) corticospinal tracts

Question 67

Interneurons receiving input from sensory neurons are located in the .

A) lateral horn
B) dorsal (posterior) horn
C) dorsal root ganglion
D) ventral (anterior) horn

Question 68

What connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland?

A) optic chiasma
B) arbor vitae
C) infundibulum
D) mammillary bodies

Question 69

Second-order neurons of ascending pathways that contribute to sensory perception terminate in the .

A) thalamus
B) somatosensory cortex
C) medulla
D) spinal cord

Question 70

Which of the following is the mildest consequence of traumatic brain injury?

A) hemorrhage
B) concussion
C) swelling
D) contusion

Question 71

Injury to the hypothalamus may result in all of the following EXCEPT .

A) sleep disturbances
B) loss of body temperature control
C) loss of fine motor control
D) dehydration

Question 72

Which statement about epilepsy is most accurate?

A) Epilepsy is often genetically induced but also frequently caused by head trauma, stroke, infection, and tumor.
B) The aura in tonic-clonic seizures typically occurs as the patient regains consciousness.
C) During seizures, sensory messages are processed normally but responses are blocked.
D) Absence seizures typically begin in adolescence and are often severely disabling.

Question 73

Loss of ability to perform skilled motor activities such as piano playing, with no paralysis or weakness in specific muscles, might suggest damage to the _.

A) rubrospinal tracts
B) spinal cord
C) premotor cortex
D) primary motor cortex

Question 74

Which of the following is (are) involved with motor activity (either initiation or coordination)?

A) postcentral gyrus
B) red nuclei
C) gustatory cortex
D) Wernicke's area

Question 75

While sleep requirements vary, most adults need hours of sleep for optimal health and function.

A) 9-10
B) 3-4
C) 7-8
D) 11-12

Question 76

Which statement about coma is true?

A) During coma, brain oxygen consumption resembles that of a waking state.
B) Coma may be caused by widespread cerebral or brain stem trauma.
C) Coma is neurologically identical to syncope.
D) Coma is a form of deep sleep.

Question 77

A patient suffering from memory loss, shortened attention span, disorientation, and eventual language loss is most likely suffering from .

A) Parkinson's disease
B) cerebellar disease
C) Alzheimer's disease
D) Huntington's disease

Question 78

Which brain waves are uncommon for awake adults, but are common for children?

A) theta
B) beta
C) alpha
D) delta

Question 79

Important nuclei of the indirect (multineuronal) system that receive impulses from the equilibrium apparatus of the inner ear and help to maintain balance by varying muscle tone of postural muscles are the .

A) red nuclei
B) reticular nuclei
C) superior colliculi
D) vestibular nuclei

Question 80

The large commissure that connects the right and left sides of the brain is called the .

A) longitudinal fissure
B) corona radiata
C) internal capsule
D) corpus callosum